Leonardo da Vinci, “The Adoration of the Magi,” 1481

In 1478, Da Vinci received a commission to paint an altarpiece for the Chapel of St. Bernard in the Palazzo Vecchio
and, in March 1481, “The Adoration of the Magi” for the monks of San Donato a Scopeto. He didn’t finish either one,
and a later hand finished this one for him.
Pablo Picasso, “Le Picador,” 1890

At age 9, Picasso was already creating masterpieces, making this drawing of a bullfighter.
Michelangelo, “The Torment of St. Anthony,” 1487

Completed when he was just 12 or 13 years old, “The Torment of St. Anthony” is one of
only four known easel paintings of Michelangelo’s. A Texas museum acquired it in
2009. Also, it’s pretty freaky.
Sandro Botticelli, “Fortitude,” 1470

historylink101.com
More than a decade before “The Birth of Venus,” Botticelli’s first dated work is part of a series of
paintings on the four “worldly virtues,” along with temperance, prudence, and justice, and the
three “Christian virtues” of faith, hope, and charity, all commissioned by the Commercial Courts
of Florence, Italy. In this one, a young woman sitting upon a throne and holding a scepter
personifies the virtue of fortitude. (Some claim she’s pregnant.)

Edvard Munch, “The Sick Child,” 1885

The painter of “The Scream” got his early start in poignancy with “The Sick Child,” a title
given to collection of works surrounding the death of his older sister Johanne from
tuberculosis at age 15. Throughout his career, he created several variants of the same
painting.

FILIPINO PAINTERS

Félix Resurrección Hidalgo y Padilla (February 21, 1855 - March 13, 1913)
was a Filipino artist. He is acknowledged as one of the great Filipino painters of the late 19th century, and is
significant in Philippine history for having been an acquaintance and inspiration for members of the Philippine
reform movement which included José Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar, Mariano Ponce and Graciano López Jaena,
although he neither involved himself directly in that movement, nor later associate himself with the First
Philippine Republic under Emilio Aguinaldo. His winning the silver medal in the 1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine
Arts, along with the gold win of fellow Filipino painter Juan Luna, prompted a celebration which was a major
highlight in the memoirs of members of the Philippine reform movement, with Rizal toasting to the two painters'
good health and citing their win as evidence that Filipinos and Spaniards were equals.

Juan Luna y Novicio (October 23, 1857 – December 7, 1899)

was a Filipino painter, sculptor and a political activist of the Philippine Revolutionduring the late 19th
century. He became one of the first recognized Philippine artists. His winning the gold medal in the 1884
Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts, along with the silver win of fellow Filipino painter Félix Resurrección
Hidalgo, prompted a celebration which was a major highlight in the memoirs of members of
the Propaganda Movement, with the fellow Ilustrados toasting to the two painters' good health and to the
brotherhood between Spain and the Philippines. Regarded for work done in the manner of the Spanish,
Italian and French academies of his time, Luna painted literary and historical scenes, some with an
underscore of political commentary. His allegorical works were inspired with classical balance, and often
showed figures in theatrical poses.

Vicente Silva Manansala (January 22, 1910 - August 22, 1981)

was a Filipino cubist painter and illustrator.[1] Manansala was born in Macabebe, Pampanga. From 1926
to 1930, he studied at the U.P. School of Fine Arts. In 1949, Manansala received a six-month grant
by UNESCO to study at the École des Beaux-Arts in Banff and Montreal, Canada. In 1950, he received a
nine-month scholarship to study at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris by the French government. [1]
Manansala's canvases were described as masterpieces that brought the cultures of the barrio and the city
together. His Madonna of the Slums is a portrayal of a mother and child from the countryside who became
urban shanty residents once in the city. In his Jeepneys, Manansala combined the elements of provincial
folk culture with the congestion issues of the city.[1] Manansala developed transparent cubism, wherein the
"delicate tones, shapes, and patterns of figure and environment are masterfully superimposed". A fine
example of Manansala using this "transparent and translucent" technique is his
composition, Kalabaw (Carabao).[1]Vicente Manansala, a National Artist of the Philippines in Visual Arts,
was a direct influence to his fellow Filipino neo-realists: Malang, Angelito Antonio, Norma Belleza and
Baldemor.[1] The Honolulu Museum of Art, the Lopez Memorial Museum (Manila), the Philippine
Center (New York City), the Singapore Art Museum and Holy Angel University (Angeles City, Philippines)
are among the public collections holding work by Vicente Manansala. Holy Angel University recently
opened a section of its museum called The Vicente Manansala Collection, holding most of the estate left
by the artist.
He died on August 22, 1981 in Manila, Philippines due to cancer.

Victorio C. Edades (December 13, 1895 – March 7, 1985)

is a Filipino painter who was the leader of the revolutionary Thirteen Moderns who engaged their
classical compatriots in heated debate over the nature and function of art. He was named a National
Artist in 1976.

Pacita Abad (September 5, 1946 – December 7, 2004)

was born in Basco, Batanes, a small island in the northernmost part of the Philippines,
between Luzon and Taiwan. Her more-than-thirty-year painting career began when she traveled to
the United States to undertake graduate studies. She had over 40 solo exhibitions at museums and
galleries in the U.S., Asia, Europe, Africa and Latin America. She also participated in more than 50 group
and traveling exhibitions throughout the world. Abad's work is now in public, corporate and private art
collections in over 70 countries.

FOREIGN PAINTERS

Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519, Old Style)

was anItalian Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer,
inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer. His genius, perhaps more than that of
any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal. Leonardo has often been described as the
archetype of the Renaissance Man, a man of "unquenchable curiosity" and "feverishly inventive
imagination".[1] He is widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most
diversely talented person ever to have lived.[2] According to art historian Helen Gardner, the scope and
depth of his interests were without precedent and "his mind and personality seem to us superhuman, the
man himself mysterious and remote".[1] Marco Rosci states that while there is much speculation about
Leonardo, his vision of the world is essentially logical rather than mysterious, and that the empirical
methods he employed were unusual for his time.[3]

Born out of wedlock to a notary, Piero da Vinci, and a peasant woman, Caterina, in Vinci in the region
of Florence, Leonardo was educated in the studio of the renowned Florentine painter, Verrocchio. Much of
his earlier working life was spent in the service of Ludovico il Moro in Milan. He later worked
in Rome, Bologna and Venice, and he spent his last years in France at the home awarded him
by Francis I.

Leonardo was, and is, renowned primarily as a painter. Among his works, the Mona Lisa is the most
famous and most parodied portrait[4] and The Last Supper the most reproduced religious painting of all
time, with their fame approached only by Michelangelo's The Creation of Adam.[1]Leonardo's drawing of
the Vitruvian Man is also regarded as a cultural icon,[5] being reproduced on items as varied as the euro
coin, textbooks, and T-shirts. Perhaps fifteen of his paintings survive, the small number because of his
constant, and frequently disastrous, experimentation with new techniques, and his
chronic procrastination.[nb 1] Nevertheless, these few works, together with his notebooks, which contain
drawings, scientific diagrams, and his thoughts on the nature of painting, compose a contribution to later
generations of artists rivalled only by that of his contemporary,Michelangelo.

Leonardo is revered for his technological ingenuity. He conceptualised flying machines,

a tank, concentrated solar power, an adding machine,[6] and the double hull, also outlining a rudimentary
theory of plate tectonics. Relatively few of his designs were constructed or were even feasible during his
lifetime,[nb 2] but some of his smaller inventions, such as an automated bobbin winder and a machine for
testing the tensile strength of wire, entered the world of manufacturing unheralded. [nb 3] He made important
discoveries in anatomy, civil engineering, optics, and hydrodynamics, but he did not publish his findings
and they had no direct influence on later science. [7]
Edvard Munch ( 12 December 1863 – 23 January 1944)

was a Norwegian painter and printmaker whose intensely evocative treatment of psychological themes
built upon some of the main tenets of late 19th-century Symbolism and greatly
influenced GermanExpressionism in the early 20th century. One of his most well-known works is The
Scream of 1893.

Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, better known as Sandro Botticelli (Italian: [ˈsandro bottiˈtʃɛlli];
c. 1445[1] – May 17, 1510),

was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance. He belonged to the Florentine School under the
patronage of Lorenzo de' Medici, a movement that Giorgio Vasariwould characterize less than a hundred
years later as a "golden age", a thought, suitably enough, he expressed at the head of his Vita of
Botticelli. Botticelli's posthumous reputation suffered until the late 19th century; since then his work has
been seen to represent the linear grace of Early Renaissance painting. Among his best known works
are The Birth of Venus and Primavera.

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), commonly known
as Michelangelo (Italian pronunciation: [mikeˈlandʒelo]), was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and
engineer of the High Renaissance who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western
art.[1] Despite making few forays beyond the arts, his versatility in the disciplines he took up was of such a
high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along
with his fellow Italian Leonardo da Vinci.

Michelangelo was considered the greatest living artist in his lifetime, and ever since then he has been
held to be one of the greatest artists of all time. [1] A number of his works in painting, sculpture, and
architecture rank among the most famous in existence. [1] His output in every field during his long life was
prodigious; when the sheer volume of correspondence, sketches, and reminiscences that survive is also
taken into account, he is the best-documented artist of the 16th century.

Two of his best-known works, the Pietà and David, were sculpted before he turned thirty. Despite his low
opinion of painting, Michelangelo also created two of the most influential works in fresco in the history of
Western art: the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling and The Last Judgment on the altar wall of
the Sistine Chapel in Rome. As an architect, Michelangelo pioneered the Mannerist style at
the Laurentian Library. At the age of 74 he succeeded Antonio da Sangallo the Younger as the architect
of St. Peter's Basilica. Michelangelo transformed the plan, the western end being finished to
Michelangelo's design, the dome being completed after his death with some modification.

In a demonstration of Michelangelo's unique standing, he was the first Western artist whose biography
was published while he was alive.[2] Two biographies were published of him during his lifetime; one of
them, by Giorgio Vasari, proposed that he was the pinnacle of all artistic achievement since the beginning
of the Renaissance, a viewpoint that continued to have currency in art history for centuries.

In his lifetime he was also often called Il Divino ("the divine one").[3] One of the qualities most admired by
his contemporaries was his terribilità, a sense of awe-inspiring grandeur, and it was the attempts of
subsequent artists to imitate[4] Michelangelo's impassioned and highly personal style that resulted
in Mannerism, the next major movement in Western art after the High Renaissance.

Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, known as Pablo Picasso (Spanish: [ˈpaβlo piˈkaso]; 25 October 1881 – 8 April
1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor,printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who
spent most of his adult life in France. As one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th
century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture,[2][3] the
co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his
most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon(1907), and Guernica (1937), a
portrayal of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War.

Picasso, Henri Matisse and Marcel Duchamp are regarded as the three artists who most defined the
revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of the 20th century, responsible for
significant developments in painting, sculpture, printmaking and ceramics. [4][5][6][7]

Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a realistic manner through
his childhood and adolescence. During the first decade of the 20th century, his style changed as he
experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas. His work is often categorised into periods.
While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his
work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1904–1906), the African-influenced
Period (1907–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919).

Exceptionally prolific throughout the course of his long life, Picasso achieved universal renown and
immense fortune for his revolutionary artistic accomplishments, and became one of the best-known
figures in 20th-century art.