They are things that we can count.

For example: "pencil". We can count pencils.

A PENCIL TWO PENCILS FOUR PENCILS

For example: "dogs". We can count dogs

A dog TWO DOGS THREE DOGS

Countable nouns can be singular or plural:

SINGULAR PLURAL
My dog is playing. My dogs are playing.
I want an orange. I want two oranges.
The cat is hungry The cats are hungry.
A bottle can break Bottles can break

People" is countable. "People" is the plural of "person". We can count people:

 There is one person here.

 There are three people here
Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc. We cannot "count" them. For example, we
cannot count "milk".

MILK WATER RICE BREAD CHOCOLATE

We use a singular verb with them. For example:

 This chocolate is delicious.

 The water is cold.
 Milk gives you calcium.

We use CONTAINERS with uncountable nouns to count them.

For example:

Milk is uncountable but we can say,

A GLASS OF MILK FOUR GLASSES OF MILK, etc.

Rice is uncountable but we can say,

A BOWL OF RICE TWO BOWLS OF RICE, etc.