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  • Left-Sided Failure: Key Signs and Symptoms

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    choobi
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    Heart failure can occur when either the left or right side of the heart fails, resulting in different key signs and symptoms. Common tests used to diagnose heart failure include blood tests to check for elevated BNP levels and chest x-rays to detect pulmonary congestion. Treatments focus on managing fluid levels through diuretics, improving cardiac function with ACE inhibitors and cardiac glycosides, and increasing blood flow with nitrates and other vasodilators.

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    Heart Failure

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    Heart Failure

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    Heart failure can occur when either the left or right side of the heart fails, resulting in different key signs and symptoms. Common tests used to diagnose heart failure include blood tests to check for elevated BNP levels and chest x-rays to detect pulmonary congestion. Treatments focus on managing fluid levels through diuretics, improving cardiac function with ACE inhibitors and cardiac glycosides, and increasing blood flow with nitrates and other vasodilators.

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    7 views1 page

    Left-Sided Failure: Key Signs and Symptoms

    Uploaded by

    choobi
    Heart failure can occur when either the left or right side of the heart fails, resulting in different key signs and symptoms. Common tests used to diagnose heart failure include blood tests to check for elevated BNP levels and chest x-rays to detect pulmonary congestion. Treatments focus on managing fluid levels through diuretics, improving cardiac function with ACE inhibitors and cardiac glycosides, and increasing blood flow with nitrates and other vasodilators.

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    of 1

    HEART FAILURE

    Key signs and symptoms


    Left-sided failure
    • Crackles
    • Dyspnea
    • Gallop rhythm: S3, S4
    Right-sided failure
    • Dependent edema
    • Jugular vein distention
    • Weight gain
    Key test results
    Left-sided failure
    • B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are elevated.
    • Chest X-ray shows increased pulmonary congestion and left
    ventricular hypertrophy.
    • Arterial blood gas (ABG) levels indicate hypoxemia and hypercapnia.
    Right-sided failure
    • BNP levels are elevated.
    • Chest X-ray reveals pulmonary congestion, cardiomegaly, and
    pleural effusions.
    • ABG levels indicate hypoxemia and hypercapnia.
    Key treatments
    • Human BNP: nesiritide (Natrecor)
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: captopril
    (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), lisinopril (Prinivil)
    • Diuretics: furosemide (Lasix), bumetanide (Bumex), metolazone
    (Zaroxolyn)
    • Cardiac glycoside: digoxin (Lanoxin)
    • Inotropic agents: dopamine, dobutamine, inamrinone
    (Amrinone), milrinone
    • Nitrates: isosorbide (Isordil), nitroglycerin
    • Vasodilator: nitroprusside (Nitropress)
    Key interventions
    • Assess cardiovascular status, including vital signs and hemodynamic
    variables.
    • Assess respiratory status and oxygenation.
    • Keep the client in semi-Fowler’s position.
    • Administer oxygen.
    • Weigh the client daily.

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