ree “H ++ . + ; dace Leer ey ea Soe ioe E ae eorron The Lines and Views of Manufacturing Prints Introduction The Lines of Manufacturing Prints ‘The Views of Manufacturing Prints Auxiliary Views Section Views General Rules Review Questions Worksheets38 THE LINES AND VIEWS OF MANUFACTURING PRINTS Introduction ‘Two items will be reviewed in this chapter: the lines of prints and the views of prints. ‘Thelines thatare used tomake drawings are not all the same. Different types of lines are used for different purposes. Solid lines are used to show the shape of the part. Dashed lines are used to indicate features that are not visible. ‘The views that are shown on prints are ar~ ranged in a specific way. There are also several differen: types of views that are used for dif- ferent purposes. A detailed examination of lines and views will make print reading much easier. It will be much easier to understand the subjects in this chapter if the worksheets are completed after each subject in the text. As an example after reviewing the text on lines, com- plete the worksheets on lines. The worksheets are identified after each subject. This method will make Chapter 3 much easier to under- stand. The Lines of Manufacturing Prints Thereare ten different types of lines that are used on manufacturing prints, Fig. 3-1. Each typeoflines hasa specific purpose. Object lines are solid lines and used to form the shape of the part. Hidden lines are dashed lines and cused to form the shape of features that are not visible. ‘The width or weight of different types of lines may also vary from, heavy, medium, or light. The weight may also depend on how the original drawing was made. If the original is a penciled hand drawing, alllines may have sim- ilar weights. This should not be a problem, when rcading prints because the type of line will always be as shown in Fig. 3-1. An object line will always be a solid line and a hidden linewillalwaysbea dashed line. Ifthe drawing isa CAD (computer-aided-drafting) copy, the lines will probably have different weights. As an example, object lines may be wider than center lines. Projection linesare not included as one of the oprect Sen aera HIDDEN — ——-._ omar EXTENSION —— 4.000 ———= pinexsion —oo DIVA trax — = corti rane VQ AQQ AAA sFerION, — = — — tantow Fig. 3-1. The ten lines of prints. ten lines because they arenot normally used on ‘manufacturing prints. Brief descriptions of each line and examples of the way they used will be reviewed. OBJECT LINES ‘Objectlinesare solid and form the shapeand. size of the part. They are continuous and in- clude all features that are visible on a specific view, Fig. 3-2 HIDDEN LINES Hidden lines are made up of short dashes and represent features that are not visible in a specific view, Fig. 3-2. Hidden lines are also called invisible lines er dashed lines. ‘CENTER LINES Center lines are alternate long and short lines, and indicate the center of symmetrical objects. Center lines are primarily used on round parts and holes, Fig. 3-2. Holes are gen- crally measured to their center lines. Center lines are used as extension lines for dimen- sions, Fig. 3-2. EXTENSION LINES Extension lines extend from the surface of an object, and establish the actual size fora dimen- sion line, Fig. 3-2.ANUFACTURING PRINTS 33 (GT DIR. THRU LEADER HAMPER .062 X 45° 3.062 L CENTER HIDDEN, Farensron| Lteaaer] DIMENSION ig. 3-2. Each type of line has a specific purpose. DIMENSION LINES Dimension lines indicate the actual size of a measurement, and connect extension lines with arrowheads. Dimension lines have a space for a measurement number, Fig. 3-2. LEADER LINES Leader lines havea reference note at one end and an arrowhead at the other. The arrowhead indicates the location where the note applies, Fig. 3-2. Leader lines are generally drawnat an angle. BREAK LINES Break lines are irregular lines that indicate an imaginary break on a drawing for reference purposes, Fig. 3-3. They are used on parts that can be shortened without losing any informa- tion. The shortened part saves drawing space and simplifies the drawing. Break linesare also used on some section views to indicate an im- aginary break. iezzzza — a J}}-—————/8. /25 BRERA Tig. 3-3. Break lines indicate an imaginary break on drawing for reference purposes.