REBOILER 01

Kode E-107
Fungsi Menguapkan kembali produk bawah menara distilasi

1. Kondisi Operasi
P= 1.3 atm
T in= 100.09881896 oC 373.2488189588
T out= 103.5808359 oC 376.7308359024

2. Neraca Massa dan Neraca Panas

Neraca Massa
Komponen RM BM kg/jam
Asetaldehid (LK) C2H4O 44.053 185.0446
Ethanol (HK) C2H5OH 46.069 18992.8004
air H2O 18.15 24468.8355
hidrogen H2 2.016 0.0000
Total 43646.6805

Neraca Panas di sekitas menara distilasi

INPUT OUTPUT
Komponen
Umpan Q reboiler Destilat
H2 481.19890749 67.9434810682
C2H4O 1795637.9493 243392.270057231
C2H5Oh 1835689.1035 7529775.5993 2544.6275140536
H2O 4062466.2386 0
sub total 7694274.4904 246004.841052353
Total 164498.8911 164498.8911

2. Menghitung Kebutuhan Steam

digunakan steam jenuh pada suhu 150 oC
T= 150 oC
λ= 2113.2 kJ/kg
steam= saturated steam
P= 423.15 kPa 61.3729326425

𝑄�
kebutuhan Steam = /λ = 7529775.5993
2113.2
= 3563.2101 kg/jam
= 7855.4015 lb/jam

3. Kondisi Operasi
Fluida Dingin t in = 100.0988 oC =
 t out = 103.5808 oC =
Massa in = 43646.6805 kg/jm
= 96222.8406155779 lb/jam

Fluida Panas T out = 150 oC =

T in = 150 oC =
Massa in = 3563.2101 kg/jam
= 7855.4015 lb/jam

Beban Panas = 7529775.60 kJ/jam

= 7138227.26810057 Btu/jam

4. Menentukan Spesifikasi Alat

Hot Fluid oF Cold Fluif oF ∆t
302 higher, T1-t2 218.4455046244 83.5545
302 lower, T2-t1 212.1778741259 89.8221

R=(T1−T2)/ = -
(t2−t1)

∆T LMTD = ((𝑇1−𝑡2)−(𝑇2−𝑡1))/
(ln⁡(𝑇1−𝑡2)/(𝑇2−𝑡1) = ("∆ t2− ∆"⁡
𝑡1)/ln⁡〖 "∆"⁡𝑡2/"∆"⁡𝑡1 〗
∆ T LMTD= 86.650534587 oF = 30.3614

t avrg = ta = t1+t2 = 215.3117

2

T avg= T1+T2 = 302

2

5. Menghitung Densitas
* Fluida Dingin
densitas= AB -(1-T/Tc)n (gr/ml) T= 373.2488
komponen A B n
C2H4O 0.28207 0.26004 0.27760
C2H5OH 0.26570 0.26395 0.23670
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571
Total
ρ fluida dingin = 829.1987 kg/m3

*Fluida Panas
T= 423.15 K
komponen rho, kg/m3
H2O 902.97399081
6. Menghitung viskositas
*Fluida Dingin
Log 10 visc lig= A+B/T+CT+DT2 T= 373.2488
komponen xi A B
C2H4O 0.0042 -6.61710 681.23000
C2H5OH 0.4351 -6.44060 1117.60000
H2O 0.5606 -10.21580 1792.50000
Total 1.0000
viskositas fluida dingin= 0.30086 cp < 0,5 cp ======> Light Organic

*Fluida Panas
μ gas= A+BT+CT2 (mp) T= 423.15
komponen A B C
H2O -36.826 4.29E-01 -1.62E-05

7. konduktivitas termal
log K liq= A+B[1-T/C]2/7 W/ (mK) T= 373.2488
komponen xi (F. MOL) A B
C2H4O 0.0023804068 -1.4826 0.9821
C2H5OH 0.2336309803 1.3172 0.6987
H2O 0.7639886128 -0.2758 0.0046
Total 1.0000

8. Heat Capacity
Cp= A + BT + CT2 + DT3 , T= 373.2488 K
Cp= kJ/kmol K
komponen A B C
C2H4O 45.056 4.49E-01 -1.66E-03
C2H5OH 59.342 3.64E-01 -1.22E-03
H2O 92.0530 -0.0400 -0.0002
Total

9. Untuk exchanger fluida panas stean dan fluida dingin light organik
UD= 100-200 Btu/ ft2. oF.jam
Asumsi Ud trial = 182 Btu/ ft2. oF. jam
A=Q/(U_(D⁡)⁡⁡x⁡
〖∆ T 〗 _LMTD⁡)

A= 0.2259429513 ft2
A < 200 f2 maka digunakan double pipe (kern, 103)

10. Spesifikasi Pipa

Spesifikasi Perancangan:
Anulus
IPS= 4 in (Tabel 6.1, Kern. Hal 103)
OD= 4.5000 in (Tabel 11, Kern, hal 844)
ID- 4.0260 in
Inner Pipe
IPS= 3.0000 in (Tabel 6.1, Kern. Hal 103)
OD= 3.5000 in (Tabel 11, Kern, hal 844)
ID= 3.0680 in
Luas Penampang Pipa= 0.2259 ft2
Panjang Pipa= 12 ft

Perhitungan Perancangan
Inner Pipe, Fluida dingin Anulus, Fluida Panas (Steam
* Flow Area *Flow Area
D= 3.0680 D2=
12.0000
D= 0.2557 ft
D1=
ap=π D2/4 = 0.0513 ft2

*Massa velocity
Gp= w/ap = 96222.8406 lb/hr aa = π (D22-D12)/4
0.0513 ft2 =
Gp= 1875254.8547 lb /ft . hr
2 De =(D22-D12)/D1
=
*Bilangan Reynold
μ= 0.30086 cp *Massa Velocity
= 0.7280796851 lb/hr ft Ga= w/ aa =
Rep= D Gp 658499.5677 (Turbulen)
μ
Dari Fig. 24 kern, diperoleh:
JH = 1000 *Bilangan Reynold
delta T= 215.3117 oF μ=
c= 0.9062088023 Btu/ lb oF =
k= 10.008596332 Btu/ hr. Ft2. (oF/ft) Rea= D Ga
1 / 3
 c .  μ
  = 0.4039658679
 k  Dari Fig.28 kern, diperoleh:
JH =
ℎ�=𝑗𝐻⁡⁡𝑘/𝐷𝑒⁡⁡⁡((𝑐⁡μ)/𝑘)^(1/3)⁡
((⁡μ)/μ𝑜)^0,1 Steam digunakan sebagai pemanas ,
memiliki harga ho=
hi= 15814.072898 Btu/ hr. Ft2. oF
 Hio= hi x ID
OD
Hio= 13862.164472

*Clean Overall Coefficient (Uc)

Uc=⁡⁡(hio⁡x⁡hi)/
(hio+hi)

Uc= 1353.5362641 Btu/ hr ft2 oF

*Design Overall Coeficient (Ud)

1 1
  Rd
U D UC
Rd min= 0.003
Ud= 267.4651
Ud= Q
A.T
A= 0.3389456067 ft2

dari tabel 11, Kern , untuk IPS inner pipe 1,25 in, maka surface outside
a''= 0.435 ft2
required length= 0.3389456067 0.7791853027
=
0.435
surface actual= 12 x 0.435
5.22 ft2

Ud koreksi
Q
Ud=
A . T

= 15781.5124 Btu/ ht ft2 oF

Dirt factor:
UC - UD
Rd 
UC x U D

Rd= -0.0007 hr ft2 oF /Btu

Desain Aktual
Parameter nilai satuan
UD = 15781.512424 Btu/hr ft2 oF
Rd = -0.0007 hr ft2 oF/ Btu
Rd min= 0.003 hr ft2 oF/ Btu
∆P total = 0.4647972194 psi

Pressure drop
inner pipe Anulus
Rep = 658499.5677 untuk pemanas steam:
f= 0,0035+ 0,264/ Re^0,42 (Pers 3,47b, Kern) Rea=
f= 0.0044501904 f=
ρ= 53.234556825 lb/ ft 3
ρ=
s= 1 spesific vol=
ρ= 53.234556825 s=
g= 418000000 ρ=
∆⁡𝐹�=(4⁡𝑓𝐺�^2⁡𝐿⁡)/(2𝑔⁡ ( pers 3.44 , Kern) g=
ρ^2⁡𝐷)
∆⁡𝐹�=(4⁡𝑓𝐺�^2⁡𝐿⁡)/(2𝑔⁡
ρ^2⁡𝐷)
= 1.2401458098 ft
=
∆Pp= (∆ Fp x ρ)/144
= 0.4584625874 Psi V=

∆Pp< 10 Psi =

 V2 
Fl  3.
 2.g ' 

∆P= ∆Pp +∆Pa  
∆P = 0.4647972194 psi

( Fa  Fl ).
Pa 
144
=
K
K

Kmol/jam F berat F mol

4.2005 0.0042 0.0023804068
412.2686 0.4351 0.2336309803
1348.1452 0.5606 0.7639886128
0.0000 0.0000 0
1764.6143

OUTPUT
Bottom Q condenser
2.1510238536
8253.9293905104
83.9442670797 89846.0
0
8340.0246814437
164498.8911

psi 4.17502943

373.2488 K = 212.17787413 oF
 376.7308 K = 218.44550462 oF

423.15 K = 302 oF
423.15 K = 302 oF

oC = 303.511408 K

oF = 101.839827 oC
= 374.989827 K

oF = 150 oC
= 423.15 K

K
Tc ρ(kg/m3)
Fraksi massa x/ρ, kg/m3
461 659.84922 0.0042 6.43E-06
516.25 710.047626 0.4351 0.000613
647.13 955.510985 0.5606 0.000587
2325.4078 1.0000 829.1987
 K
C D µ µ.xi (cp)
0.01998 -0.00003 0.1270203637 0.000539
0.01372 -0.00002 0.3315085742 0.144256
0.01773 -0.00001 0.2783840025 0.156065
0.30086
cp ======> Light Organic

K
μ, mp μ, cp
144.70535 0.01447054

K
C k (W/ mK) k, (Btu/jam ft oF)
461 0.1345 0.0001850811
516.25 63.2953 8.5473154611
-5.54E-06 3.3088 1.4610957901
10.0085963323

D Cp Cp x
2.70E-06 121.506811 0.0065656287
1.80E-06 119.339697 0.6052106715
5.3.E-07 75.5443796 3.1798923286
316.3909 3.7917
, Kern. Hal 103)
Kern, hal 844)

, Kern. Hal 103)

Kern, hal 844)

Anulus, Fluida Panas (Steam)

4.0260
12.0000
0.3355 ft
3.5000
12.0000
0.2916666667 ft

aa = π (D22-D12)/4
0.0216 ft2
De =(D22-D12)/D1
0.0943 ft

7855.4015 lb/hr
0.0216 ft2
364008.280346413 lb/ hr ft2

0.014470535 cp
0.0350186947 lb/hr ft
979742.565638271 (Turbulen)

8 kern, diperoleh:
675
unakan sebagai pemanas ,
1500 Btu/ hr ft2 oF
(Kern, hal 164)
lin ft
0.0649321086
1 12
 Anulus
manas steam:
979742.565638271
0.0043041497 fig 25, kern
902.9739908115
1.3185 tabel. 7
1
902.9739908115
4,18*10^8

𝐺�^2⁡𝐿⁡)/(2𝑔⁡

0.0004260825 ft

G
3600. ρ
0.11197821 fps

 V 2 
Fl  3.
 2.g ' 

 
0.0005841205

( Fa  Fl ).
Pa 
144
0.0063346321 psi
REBOILER 02

Kode E-220
Fungsi Menguapkan kembali produk bawah menara distilasi

1. Kondisi Operasi
P= 1.32 atm
T in= 107.839178633 oC 380.989178633 K
T out= 107.895200347 oC 381.045200347 K

2. Neraca Massa dan Neraca Panas

Neraca Massa
Komponen RM BM kg/jam Kmol/jam F berat
Asetaldehid (LK) C2H4O 44.053 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Ethanol (HK) C2H5OH 46.069 189.9280 4.1227 0.0078
air H2O 18.15 24224.1472 1334.6638 0.9922
hidrogen H2 2.016 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Total 24414.0752 1338.7864

Neraca Panas di sekitas menara distilasi

INPUT OUTPUT
Komponen
Umpan Q reboiler Destilat Bottom Q condenser
H2 0 0 0
C2H4O 35052.5417762 28098.50283 0
C2H5Oh 3493978.24731 119527.4313 2790476.38659 38776.19614 23765.1
H2O 7617698.88939 62067.3903692 8323073.484
sub total 11146729.6785 2880642.27979 8361849.68
Total 11266257.1097 11266257.1097

2. Menghitung Kebutuhan Steam

digunakan steam jenuh pada suhu 150 oC
T= 150 oC
λ= 2113.2 kJ/kg
steam= saturated steam
P= 423.15 kPa 61.3729326425 psi 4.1750294315

𝑄�
kebutuhan Steam = /λ = 119527.4313
2113.2
= 56.5623 kg/jam
= 124.6964 lb/jam

3. Kondisi Operasi
Fluida Dingin t in = 107.8392 oC = 380.9892 K =
 t out = 107.8952 oC = 381.0452 K =
Massa in = 24414.0752 kg/jm
= 53822.9170349 lb/jam

Fluida Panas T out = 150 oC = 423.15 K =

T in = 150 oC = 423.15 K =
Massa in = 56.5623 kg/jam
= 124.6964 lb/jam

Beban Panas = 119527.43 kJ/jam

= 113312.004831 Btu/jam

4. Menentukan Spesifikasi Alat

Hot Fluid oF Cold Fluif oF ∆t
302 higher, T1-t2 226.211360624 75.7886
302 lower, T2-t1 226.110521539 75.8895

R= (T1−T2)/ = -
(t2−t1)

∆T LMTD = ((𝑇1−𝑡2)−(𝑇2−𝑡1))/
(ln⁡(𝑇1−𝑡2)/(𝑇2−𝑡1) = ("∆ t2− ∆"⁡
𝑡1)/ln⁡〖 "∆"⁡𝑡2/"∆"⁡𝑡1 〗
∆ T LMTD= 75.8390477454 oF = 24.3550 oC = 297.50502653

t avrg = ta = t1+t2 = 226.1609 oF = 107.86718949

2 = 381.01718949

T avg= T1+T2 = 302 oF = 150

2 = 423.15

5. Menghitung Densitas
* Fluida Dingin
densitas= AB -(1-T/Tc)n (gr/ml) T= 380.9892 K
komponen A B n Tc ρ(kg/m3)
C2H4O 0.28207 0.26004 0.27760 461 645.80819604
C2H5OH 0.26570 0.26395 0.23670 516.25 700.97306632
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13 947.65043712
Total 2294.4317
ρ fluida dingin = 945.0632 kg/m3

*Fluida Panas
T= 423.15 K
komponen rho, kg/m3
H2O 902.973990811
6. Menghitung viskositas
*Fluida Dingin
Log 10 visc lig= A+B/T+CT+DT2 T= 380.9892 K
komponen xi A B C D
C2H4O 0.0000 -6.61710 681.23000 0.01998 -0.00003
C2H5OH 0.0078 -6.44060 1117.60000 0.01372 -0.00002
H2O 0.9922 -10.21580 1792.50000 0.01773 -0.00001
Total 1.0000
viskositas fluida dingin= 0.25770 cp < 0,5 cp ======> Light Organic

*Fluida Panas
μ gas= A+BT+CT2 (mp) T= 423.15 K
komponen A B C μ, mp μ, cp
H2O -36.826 4.29E-01 -1.62E-05 144.70535 0.014470535

7. konduktivitas termal
log K liq= A+B[1-T/C]2/7 W/ (mK) T= 380.9892 K
komponen xi (F. MOL) A B C k (W/ mK)
C2H4O 0 -1.4826 0.9821 461 0.1297
C2H5OH 0.0030794199 1.3172 0.6987 516.25 62.1920
H2O 0.9969205801 -0.2758 0.0046 -5.54E-06 3.3446
Total 1.0000

8. Heat Capacity
Cp= A + BT + CT2 + DT3 , T= 380.9892 K
Cp= kJ/kmol K
komponen A B C D Cp
C2H4O 45.056 4.49E-01 -1.66E-03 2.70E-06 124.20029459
C2H5OH 59.342 3.64E-01 -1.22E-03 1.80E-06 121.0070717
H2O 92.0530 -0.0400 -0.0002 5.3.E-07 75.768981423
Total 320.9763

9. Untuk exchanger fluida panas stean dan fluida dingin light organik
UD= 100-200 Btu/ ft2. oF.jam
Asumsi Ud trial = 150 Btu/ ft2. oF. jam
A=Q/(U_(D⁡)⁡⁡x⁡
〖∆ T 〗 _LMTD⁡)

A= 0.0049721343 ft2
A < 200 f2 maka digunakan double pipe (kern, 103)

10. Spesifikasi Pipa

Spesifikasi Perancangan:
Anulus
IPS= 4 in (Tabel 6.1, Kern. Hal 103)
OD= 4.5000 in (Tabel 11, Kern, hal 844)
ID- 4.0260 in
Inner Pipe
IPS= 3.0000 in (Tabel 6.1, Kern. Hal 103)
OD= 3.5000 in (Tabel 11, Kern, hal 844)
ID= 3.0680 in
Luas Penampang Pipa= 0.0050 ft2
Panjang Pipa= 12 ft

Perhitungan Perancangan
Inner Pipe, Fluida dingin Anulus, Fluida Panas (Steam)
* Flow Area *Flow Area
D= 3.0680 D2= 4.0260
12.0000 12.0000
D= 0.2557 ft 0.3355 ft
D1= 3.5000
ap=π D2/4 = 0.0513 ft2 12.0000
0.291666667 ft
*Massa velocity
Gp= w/ap = 53822.9170 lb/hr aa = π (D22-D12)/4
0.0513 ft2 = 0.0216 ft2
Gp= 1048936.88255 lb /ft2. hr De =(D22-D12)/D1
= 0.0943 ft
*Bilangan Reynold
μ= 0.25770 cp *Massa Velocity
= 0.6236376382 lb/hr ft Ga= w/ aa = 124.6964 lb/hr
Rep= D Gp 430022.468006 (Turbulen) 0.0216 ft2
μ 5778.256487 lb/ hr ft2
Dari Fig. 24 kern, diperoleh:
JH = 900 *Bilangan Reynold
delta T= 226.1609 oF μ= 0.014470535 cp
c= 0.996590024 Btu/ lb oF = 0.035018695 lb/hr ft
k= 2.0379147278 Btu/ hr. Ft2. (oF/fRea= D Ga 15552.404 (Turbulen)
1 / 3
 c .  μ
  = 0.6731124373
 k  Dari Fig.28 kern, diperoleh:
JH = 2.5
ℎ�=𝑗𝐻⁡⁡𝑘/𝐷𝑒⁡⁡⁡((𝑐⁡μ)/𝑘)^(1/3)⁡
((⁡μ)/μ𝑜)^0,1 Steam digunakan sebagai pemanas ,
memiliki harga 1500 Btu/ hr ft2 oF
hi= 4828.83119109 Btu/ hr. Ft2. oF (Kern, hal 164)
 Hio= hi x ID
OD
Hio= 4232.81545551

*Clean Overall Coefficient (Uc)

Uc=⁡⁡(hio⁡x⁡hi)/
(hio+hi)

Uc= 1107.52268803 Btu/ hr ft2 oF

*Design Overall Coeficient (Ud)

1 1
  Rd
U D UC
Rd min= 0.003
Ud= 256.2187
Ud= Q
A.T
A= 0.0064172695 ft2

dari tabel 11, Kern , untuk IPS inner pipe 1,25 in, maka surface outside
a''= 0.435 ft2
required length= 0.0064172695 0.0147523436 lin ft
=
0.435 0.001229362
surface actual= 12 x 0.435 1 12
5.22 ft2

Ud koreksi
Q
Ud=
A . T

= 286.2283 Btu/ ht ft2 oF

Dirt factor:
UC - UD
Rd 
UC xU D

Rd= 0.0026 hr ft2 oF /Btu

Desain Aktual
Parameter nilai satuan
UD = 286.228285617 Btu/hr ft2 oF
Rd = 0.0026 hr ft2 oF/ Btu
Rd min= 0.003 hr ft2 oF/ Btu
∆P total = 0.1311266327 psi

Pressure drop
inner pipe Anulus
Rep = 430022.468006 untuk pemanas steam:
f= 0,0035+ 0,264/ Re^0,42 (Pers 3,47b, Kern) Rea= 15552.404
f= 0.0046364168 f= 0.008081935 fig 25, kern
ρ= 60.6730569347 lb/ ft3 ρ= 902.9739908
s= 1 spesific vol= 1.3185 tabel. 7
ρ= 60.6730569347 s= 1
g= 418000000 ρ= 902.9739908
∆⁡𝐹�=(4⁡𝑓𝐺�^2⁡𝐿⁡)/(2𝑔⁡ ( pers 3.44 , Kern g= 4,18*10^8
ρ^2⁡𝐷)
∆⁡𝐹�=(4⁡𝑓𝐺�^2⁡𝐿⁡)/(2𝑔⁡
ρ^2⁡𝐷)
= 0.3112076615 ft
= 2.01601E-07 ft
∆Pp= (∆ Fp x ρ)/144
= 0.1311244456 Psi V= G
3600. ρ
∆Pp< 10 Psi = 0.001777539 fps

V2 
Fl  3. 
∆P= ∆Pp +∆Pa  2.g ' 
∆P = 0.1311266327 psi 1.47188E-07

(Fa  Fl ).
Pa 
144
= 2.18714E-06 psi
F mol
0
0.00307942
0.99692058
0

226.1105215 oF
 226.2113606 oF

302 oF
302 oF

oC
K

oC
K

Fraksi massa x/ρ, kg/m3

0.0000 0
0.0078 1.11E-05
0.9922 0.001047
1.0000 945.0632
 µ µ.xi (cp)
0.118086154 0
0.2989384825 0.002326
0.2573781873 0.255376
0.25770

k, (Btu/jam ft oF)
0
0.110695775
1.927218953
2.0379147278

Cp x
0
0.008088554
4.161744183
4.1698
nas (Steam)