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Ceutics Tut 5
Ceutics Tut 5
Pharmaceutics I
PHTC 311
Course Instructors:
Prof. Dr. Samar Mansour
Dr. Salma Tammam
Dr. Mai Rady
Dissolution
Solubility
Rate
Surface Area(A)
Temperature Solubility of the solute(CS)
Chemical Structure Diffusion Coefficient of Solute (D)
Polarity of the solvent The Solubility of Solute in the
Bulk(C)
Temperature
Increasing temp. increases solubility
in endothermic processes
Small MWt of
Solutes
Co-solvent (mix
Micronization water with less Add Hydrophilic groups or
polar solvents salt formation
Choose
amorphous drugs Solubility Solid dispersion
or polymorphs of increase
higher solubility
1. A solid is to be comminuted so as to increase its solubility by 30%. What must be the final particle
size, assuming that the surface tension of the solid is 200 dynes/cm and the volume per mole is 20
cm3? The temperature is 25°C. R = 8.314 *107
Answer:
M/ ρ = V/mole = 20
T = 25 + 273 = 298ºC
= 1.27*10-6 cm = 1.27* 10-2 μm
Problems
1. Pentothal is a weak acid its pka is 7.4 determine the ratio between ionized and unionized
forms at pH 4.5 and 7.4 and determine the increase in solubility.
S = SI + Su , SI is solubility of ionized drug, Su = solubility of unionized drug. Su = 0.0398mg/ml
2. Percentage:
% w/v = (weight of solute/ volume of solution) x 100
% w/w = (weight of solute/ weight of solution) x 100
% v/v = (volume of solute/ volume of solution) x 100
3. Parts:
Pharmacopoeias sometimes express concentrations in terms of number of solute
dissolved (parts) in a stated number of solvent (parts).
5. Molality:
Is the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1000g of the solvent. According to the nature of the solute-
solvent interaction, the final volume may be greater than or less than 1000ml. In very dilute molal solution, the
volume may be 1000ml.
The unit of molality is mol/Kg
N.B: Molal solution does not depend on the temperature while molar
solution depends on the temperature.
6. Mole Fraction:
mole fraction of A = (moles of A)/(sum of moles of all components)