INDONESIA

DEMOGRAPHICS AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Total population (000) 242,326 (2011) Causes of under-five deaths, 2010 Under-five mortality rate
Globally, undernutrition contributes to more than Deaths per 1,000 live births
Total under-five population (000) 21,199 (2011) one third of child deaths
100
Total number of births (000) 4,331 (2011)

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 32 (2011) Others 20%
80
82
Total number of under-five deaths (000) 134 (2011) Neonatal 48%

Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25 (2011) Measles 5% 60

Meningitis 2%
Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15 (2011)
HIV/AIDS 0% 40
HIV prevalence rate (15–49 years old, %) 0.3 (2011) 32
Injuries 6% 27
Population below international Malaria 2%
18 (2010) 20 MDG 4
poverty line of US$1.25 per day (%) Diarrhoea 5% target
Pneumonia 12%
GNI per capita (US$) 2,940 (2011) 0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Primary school net attendance ratio
98, 98 (2010)
(% female, % male)
Source: WHO/CHERG, 2012. Source: IGME, 2012.

NUTRITIONAL STATUS
Burden of malnutrition (2011) Stunted (under-fives, 000) 7,547 MDG 1 progress On track

Stunting country rank 5 Wasted (under-fives, 000) 2,820 Underweight (under-fives, 000) 3,795

Share of world stunting burden (%) 5 Severely wasted (under-fives, 000) 1,272 Overweight (under-fives, 000) 2,968

Stunting trends Stunting disparities Underweight trends

Percentage of children <5 years old stunted Percentage of children <5 years old stunted, Percentage of children <5 years old underweight
by selected background characteristics
100% 100
Boys 37 MDG 1: ON TRACK
Girls 34
80% 80
Urban 31
60% Rural 40 60

52
40% 48 Poorest 20% 43 40
42 42 40 Second 20% 39
36
20%
Middle 20% 34 20
30
Fourth 20% 31 25 23 20 18
Richest 20% 24
0% 0
1995 2000 2001 2007 2010 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1995 2000 2001 2007 2010
MICS Other NS Other NS Other NS Other NS MICS Other NS Other NS Other NS Other NS
Source: Other NS, 2010.

INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD FEEDING

Exclusive breastfeeding trends Infant feeding practices, by age
Percentage of infants <6 months old exclusively
100%
breastfed

100%
80%
80%

60%
60%
40% 45 42 40
37
20%
32
40%

0%
1991 1994 1997 2002–2003 2007
DHS DHS DHS DHS DHS
20%

Weaned Breastfed and

(not breastfed) non-milk liquids
0%
Breastfed and Breastfed and
solid/semi-solid foods plain water only 0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 8–9 10–11 12–13 14–15 16–17 18–19 20–21 22–23
Breastfed and Exclusively Age (months)
other milk/formula breastfed Source: DHS, 2007.

74 Improving Child Nutrition

 INDONESIA
ESSENTIAL NUTRITION PRACTICES AND INTERVENTIONS DURING THE LIFE CYCLE
PREGNANCY BIRTH 0–5 MONTHS 6–23 MONTHS 24–59 MONTHS

Use of iron-folic Early initiation of breastfeeding International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes Partial
29% 29%
acid supplements (within 1 hour of birth) Maternity protection in accordance with ILO Convention 183 No

Households with Exclusive breastfeeding Introduction to solid, semi-solid

62% Infants not weighed at birth 18% 32% 85%
adequately iodized salt (<6 months) or soft foods (6–8 months)
Continued breastfeeding at 1 year old 80%
Minimum dietary diversity –
To increase child survival, promote child development
Minimum acceptable diet –
and prevent stunting, nutrition interventions need to be
delivered during pregnancy and the first two years of life. Full coverage of vitamin A supplementation 76%
Treatment of severe acute malnutrition
Yes
included in national health plans

MICRONUTRIENTS
Anaemia Iodized salt trends* Vitamin A supplementation
Prevalence of anaemia among Percentage of households with adequately Percentage of children 6–59 months old
selected populations iodized salt receiving two doses of vitamin A during
1,633,000 newborns are unprotected against iodine calendar year (full coverage)
deficiency disorders (2011)
100% 100%

80% 80%
82 87 86 84
NO DATA 76 80 76
60% 69 73 60%
65 62
40% 40%

20% 20%

0% 0%
2001 2002 2003 2007 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Other NS Other NS Other NS Other NS
* Estimates may not be comparable. Source: UNICEF, 2012.

MATERNAL WATER AND SANITATION

NUTRITION AND HEALTH
Improved drinking water coverage Improved sanitation coverage
Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted Percentage of population, by type of drinking Percentage of population, by type of sanitation
220 (2010) water source, 1990–2010 facility, 1990–2010
(per 100,000 live births)
Piped on premises Other improved Improved facilities Shared facilities
Maternal mortality ratio, reported
230 (2007) Unimproved Surface water Unimproved facilities Open defecation
(per 100,000 live births)
5 2 1 0 7 4
Total number of maternal deaths 9,600 (2010) 100% 100%
8 8
16 19 14
Lifetime risk of maternal death (1 in : ) 210 (2010) 25 22 26
80% 32 80% 39 3 36
17 10 48
2
Women with low BMI (<18.5 kg/m , %) – – 9
60% 56 60% 8
Anaemia, non-pregnant women (<120g/l, %) – – 66 22 11 13
62
Antenatal care (at least one visit, %) 93 (2010) 61 66 25 12
40% 40% 7 73
59 56
Antenatal care (at least four visits, %) 82 (2007) 54 6
20% 36 20% 32 39
Skilled attendant at birth (%) 79 (2007) 25
20 21
9 2 8 0%
Low birthweight (<2,500 grams, %) 9 (2007) 0%
1990 2010 1990 2010 1990 2010 1990 2010 1990 2010 1990 2010
Women 20–24 years old who gave birth Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural
10 (2007)
before age 18 (%)
Source: WHO/UNICEF JMP, 2012. Source: WHO/UNICEF JMP, 2012.

DISPARITIES IN NUTRITION
Gender Residence Wealth quintile

Indicator Ratio of Ratio of Ratio of Source

Male Female male to Urban Rural urban to Poorest Second Middle Fourth Richest richest to Equity chart
female rural poorest

Stunting prevalence (%) 37 34 1.1 31 40 0.8 43 39 34 31 24 0.6 Other NS, 2010

Underweight prevalence (%) 19 17 1.1 15 21 0.7 23 19 18 15 10 0.5 Other NS, 2010

Wasting prevalence (%) 14 13 1.1 13 14 0.9 15 14 13 12 11 0.7 Other NS, 2010

Women with low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2, %) – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Women with high BMI (*25 kg/m2, %) – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Nutrition Profiles 75