AREA (m2) TIME (sec) FLOW RATE (l/s) VELOCITY (m/s) REYNOLD'S NO.

high 0.000176715 8.1233333 0.7386130488 4.1796948535 62695.4228019

Smooth Smooth
20mm 15mm med 0.000176715 8.7933333 0.6823351024 3.8612268225 57918.40233822

pipe
low 0.000176715 14.686667 0.4085338175 2.311828497 34677.42745534
high 0.000314159 8.3233333 0.720865038 2.2945846821 45891.69364284
med 0.000314159 8.59 0.6984866123 2.2233519407 44467.03881497
pipe

low 0.000314159 11.613333 0.5166475316 1.6445401697 32890.80339442

high 0.000314159 12.506667 0.4797441365 1.5270730147 30541.46029482
20mm

med 0.000314159 12.9 0.4651162791 1.4805110985 29610.22197059

valve
Gate

low 0.000314159 12.56 0.4777070064 1.5205886283 30411.77256533

high 0.000314159 12.76 0.4702194357 1.4967549507 29935.09901415
20mm 20mm

med 0.000314159 13.33 0.4501125281 1.432752676 28655.05351992

Ball valve Globe
valve

low 0.000314159 42.28 0.1419110691 0.4517169624 9034.339248357

high 0.000314159 11.08 0.5054151625 1.6087864284 32175.72856731
med 0.000314159 12.01 0.4662781016 1.4842092944 29684.18588891
low 0.000314159 23.58 0.2374893978 0.7559522318 15119.04463638

VELOCITY (m/s) REYNOLD'S NO.

high 3.7194 55791.4042
Smooth Smooth
25mm 15mm

med 3.2042 48062.9690

pipe

low 2.5764 38645.7531

high 1.5801 39502.1687
med 1.4971 37428.5640
pipe

low 1.2175 30438.1705

high 1.7340 34679.6763
20mm

med 1.5248 30496.7556

valve
Gate

low 0.9461 18922.8807

high 1.6044 32088.8454
20mm 20mm

med 1.5145 30289.4709

Ball valve Globe
valve

low 1.0370 20739.2131

high 1.6088 32175.7286
med 1.4842 29684.1859
low 0.7560 15119.0446
ΔP (mmHg) ΔP (Pa) ∑HL (m) f k
61 8132.664 0.829018 0.003491
58.8 7839.355 0.799119 0.003944
27 3599.704 0.366942 0.005051
21.6 2879.763 0.293554 0.00547
14.8333333 1977.615 0.201592 0.004001
10.5 1399.885 0.1427 0.005176
140 18665.13 1.902664 16.00816
113.5 15132.09 1.542517 13.8072
47 6266.151 0.638751 5.420101
76 10132.5 1.032875 9.045763
105.333333 14043.29 1.431528 13.68221
152 20265 2.065749 198.6295
7 933.2566 0.095133 0.721164
5.5 733.273 0.074748 0.665741
2.5 333.3059 0.033976 1.166499

EXPERIMENTAL THEORETICAL
∑HL (m) f k f
0.8426 0.0045 high 0.0045 0.0050
Smooth Smooth
25mm 15mm

0.6388 0.0046 med 0.0046 0.0052

pipe

0.4417 0.0049 low 0.0049 0.0056

0.1563 0.0077 high 0.0077 0.0055
0.1359 0.0074 med 0.0074 0.0057
pipe

0.1087 0.0090 low 0.0090 0.0059

1.9027 12.4157 k
1.5425 13.0161 high 12.4157
0.17
20mm

0.6388 13.9996 med 13.0161

valve
Gate

1.1484 8.7527 low 13.9996

0.9513 8.1378 high 8.7527
6.00
20mm 20mm

0.4485 8.1832 med 8.1378

Ball valve Globe
valve

0.0951 0.7212 low 8.1832

0.0747 0.6657 high 0.7212
0.0340 1.1665 med 0.6657 70.00
low 1.1665
 0.004992501
0.005092405

15 mm Smooth pipe

High flow rate

Pressure at point 1 in mmHG 214

Pressure at point 2 in mmHG 275
Volume 6
Time 8.05

0.0046515269 10.37402294 Medium flow rate

11.97214367
12.57440729 Pressure at point 1 in mmHG 213.5
0.0080350677 28.35042 Pressure at point 2 in mmHG 272
23.33659 Volume 6
34.39966 Time 8.21
28.69556
13.1438127666 98.70661578 Low flow rate

Pressure at point 1 in mmHG 230.4

8.3579 28.21159689 Pressure at point 2 in mmHG 257.5
Volume 6
Time 14.16
0.8511348005 98.78409314

20 mm Smooth pipe

High flow rate

Pressure at point 1 in mmHG 230.2

Pressure at point 2 in mmHG 255
Volume 6
Time 8.42
Medium flow rate

Pressure at point 1 in mmHG 235.5

Pressure at point 2 in mmHG 250
Volume 6
Time 8.53
Flow rate [Q] in m .s

Low flow rate

Pressure at point 1 in mmHG 237

Pressure at point 2 in mmHG 247.5
Volume 6
Time 11.69
Flow rate [Q] in m .s

Gate valve

High flow rate

Pressure at point 1 in mmHG

Pressure at point 2 in mmHG
Volume
Time 12.36
Flow rate [Q] in m .s

Medium flow rate

Pressure at point 1 in mmHG 316

Pressure at point 2 in mmHG 181
Volume 6
Time 13
Flow rate [Q] in m .s

Low flow rate

Pressure at point 1 in mmHG 315

Pressure at point 2 in mmHG 181
Volume 6
Time 12.52
Flow rate [Q] in m .s
 Globe valve

High flow rate

Pressure at point 1 in mmHG 207

Pressure at point 2 in mmHG 283
Volume 6
Time 12.54
Flow rate [Q] in m .s

Medium flow rate

Pressure at point 1 in mmHG 193

Pressure at point 2 in mmHG 299
Volume 6
Time 13.56
Flow rate [Q] in m .s

Low flow rate

Pressure at point 1 in mmHG 171

Pressure at point 2 in mmHG 323
Volume 6
Time 13.79
Flow rate [Q] in m .s
 Average
213 213 213.3333
274 274 274.3333
6 6 6
8.3 8.02 8.123333

Average
213.5 213.1 213.3667
272.5 272 272.1667
6 6 6
9.01 9.16 8.793333

Average
230.5 230.6 230.5
257.5 257.5 257.5
6 6 6
15.59 14.31 14.68667

Average
232 233 231.7333
253 252 253.3333
6 6 6
8.2 8.35 8.323333
 Average
236 231.5 234.3333
249 248.5 249.1667
6 6 6
8.56 8.68 8.59

Average
237.5 237.5 237.3333
248 248 247.8333
6 6 6
11.67 11.48 11.61333

Average

13.02 12.14

Average
313 313 314
182 184 182.3333
6 6 6
12.09 13.61 12.9

Average
316 316 315.6667
184 180 181.6667
6 6 6
12.41 12.75 12.56
 Average
207 208 207.3333
284 283 283.3333
6 6 6
12.99 12.75 12.76

Average
193 194 193.3333
297 300 298.6667
6 6 6
12.79 13.64 13.33

Average
171 170 170.6667
323 322 322.6667
6 6 6
14.48 14.01 14.09333
0.004993
0.005092
 TIME (sec) ΔP (Pa) AREA (m2) FLOW RATE (l/s) VELOCITY (m/s) REYNOLD'S NO.
8.52 8265.987
15mm
Diameter 9.89 6266.151
12.3 4332.977
7.22 1533.207
25mm
Diameter 7.62 1333.224
9.37 1066.579
∑HL (m) f V (l) 5.6
ρ (kg/m3) 1000
μ (Pa.s) 0.001