CARE PLAN 1

MEDICAL DIAGNOSES:

1) DIABETES TYPE 2: Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot properly

store and use fuel for energy. The body's main fuel is a form of sugar called
glucose, which comes from food after it's been broken down in its form of
glucagon. Glucose enters the blood and is used by cells for energy. To use
glucose, the body needs a hormone called insulin that's made by the pancreas.
Insulin is important because it allows glucose to leave the blood and enter the
body's cells. Tyoe 2 diabetes develops when the body can't properly use the
insulin it makes. For type 2 diabetics, the body becomes resistant to insulin. In
these cases, insulin is still produced, but the body does not respond to the effects
of insulin as well. Due to the inability to use insulin properly, the result is high
levels of glucose in the blood, or hyperglycemia. The causes for type 2 diabetes in
JM is I believe high blood pressure (HTN) and being overweight. She may have
had a family history of diabetes . People with type 2 diabetes may have the
following signs and symptoms:blurred sight,decreased sensation or numbness in
the hands and feet,dry, itchy skin,frequent bladder and vaginal infections, frequent
need to urinate,increased thirst and hunger,slow healing of cuts or sores,tiredness.
Complications are heart attack, stroke, and poor blood flow to legs.

2) Hypertension: High blood pressure (HBP) or hypertension means high pressure

(tension) in the arteries. Arteries are vessels that carry blood from the pumping heart to
all the tissues and organs of the body. Normal blood pressure is below 120/80; blood
pressure between 120/80 and 139/89 is called "pre- hypertension" and a blood pressure of
140/90 or above is considered high. An elevation of the systolic and/or diastolic blood
pressure increases the risk of developing heart (cardiac) disease, kidney (renal) disease,
hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis or arteriosclerosis), eye damage, and stroke
(brain damage). These complications of hypertension are often referred to as end-organ
damage because damage to these organs is the end result of chronic (long duration) high
blood pressure. pertension can include: headaches,being tired all the time,blurred
vision,nosebleeds,ringing in the ears,chest pain,irregular heartbeat,feeling of confusion
off and on,heart failure

3)Shingles: Shingles is a skin rash caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. This
virus is called the Varicella zoster virus (VZV). After an individual has chickenpox, this
virus lives dormant in the nervous system and is never fully cleared from the body. Under
certain circumstances, such as emotional stress, immune deficiency (or with cancer, the
virus reactivates and causes shingles. Before a rash is visible, the patient may notice
several days to a week of burning pain and sensitive skin. Shingles rash starts as small
blisters on a red base, with new blisters continuing to form for three to five days. The
blisters follow the path of individual nerves that come out of the spinal cord in a specific
"ray-like" distribution called a dermatomal pattern and appear in a band-like pattern on an
area of skin. . Eventually, the blisters pop, and the area starts to ooze. The affected areas
will then crust over and heal. The duration of the outbreak may take three to four weeks
from start to finish. Shingles is contagious. The cause for shingles in my patient is
unknown.

4)Dislipidemia: A disorder of lipoprotein metabolism, including lipoprotein

overproduction or deficiency. It may due to an increase of the total cholesterol, the "bad"
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and the triglyceride concentrations, and a
decrease in the "good" high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration in the
blood. The cause of this is my patient is most likely diabetes. When lipid levels in the
bloodstream are too high or low, this condition is called dyslipidemia. The most common
types of dyslipidemia are:High levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL or “bad”)
cholesterol,Low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL or “good”) cholesterol,High
levels of triglycerides.When LDL cholesterol levels are high, fatty deposits called
plaques can build up in the arteries, the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart
throughout the body. Over time, plaques narrow the arteries, producing atherosclerosis
which is hardening of the arteries. This can cause heart disease, heart attack, peripheral
artery disease which reduces blood flow in the limbs, usually the legs), or stroke. Low
levels of HDL and high levels of triglycerides can also increase fat build-up in the
arteries. High levels of HDL cholesterol, however, protect the heart by helping to remove
the build-up of LDL from the arteries
5)Stress urinary incontinence :accidental leaks urine of when you cough, laugh or
sneeze. It is the most common form of urinary incontinence in women. SUI happens
when your sphincter, which acts like a valve to the bladder, can’t stay closed when
there’s pressure in your abdomen.Therefore the sphincter opens slightly and allows a
small amount of urine to leak out.This means you can leak urine when you put any
pressure on your bladder. The cause for this in my patient could be to pressure on her
bladder or physical changes resulting from pregnancy, childbirth and menopause.

6)Sinus tachycardia: A fast heartbeat or tachycardia because of rapid firing of the

sinoatrial (sinus) node. The sinoatrial (or sinus) node is the natural pacemaker of the
heart. It is located in the wall of the right atrium the right upper chamber of the heart,.
Normal cardiac impulses start there and are transmitted to the atria and down to the
ventricles which are the lower chambers of the heart . Sinus tachycardia occurs in
response to exercise, exertion, excitement, pain, fever, excessive thyroid hormone, low
blood oxygen which is hypoxia or stimulant drugs such as caffeine and
amphetamines.etc. Although sinus tachycardia is usually a response to one or another
stimulus, it can sometimes be a sign of heart failure, heart valve disease, or another
significant illness. The cause for this in my patient may have been pain or fever.

7) Cerebral Vascular Accident: another name for a stroke. CVA is damage to the brain
caused by ineffective blood supply to a part of the brain. This ineffective blood supply
can be caused by a blood clot, or by a ruptured artery. The symptoms of the stroke
depend on which part of the brain is affected. Common symptoms may include loss of
function of a part of the body, loss of all or part of the vision, or loss of the ability to
speak or to understand speech, severe headache, brief loss of consciousness or periods of
decreased consciousness, sudden loss of balance and coordination. Risk factors for a
stroke are hypertension, coronary artery disease, increasing age and diabetes mellitus.
8) Coronary Artery Disease: is a condition in which plaque builds up inside the
coronary arteries. These arteries supply your heart muscle with oxygen-rich blood.
Decreased blood flow to the heart causes cell starvation secondary to a lack of oxygen of
the myocardial cells. CAD risk factors are smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. Some
people who have CAD have no signs or symptoms. It may not be diagnosed until a
person show signs and symptoms of a heart attack, heart failure, or an irregular heartbeat.

9) Coronary artery bypass graft: CABG is an open-heart surgery in which the rib cage
is opened and a section of a blood vessel is grafted from the aorta to the coronary artery
to bypass the blocked section of the coronary artery and improve the blood supply to the
heart.

10) Rheumatoid arthritis: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease. Autoimmune

diseases are illnesses that occur when the body's tissues are mistakenly attacked by their
own immune system. RA causes chronic inflammation of the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis
can also cause inflammation of the tissue around the joints, as well as in other organs in
the body. The cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown. Symptoms can include fatigue,
loss of energy, lack of appetite, fever, muscle and joint aches, and stiffness.

11) Osteoarthritis:is a type of arthritis that is caused by the breakdown and eventual loss
of the cartilage of one or more joints. Cartilage is a protein substance that is like a pillow
between the bones of the joints. It mainly affects the hands, feet, spine, and large weight-
bearing joints, such as the hips and knees. The primary cause of OA is related to aging.
The most common symptom of osteoarthritis is pain in the affected joints after being used
over and over again. There can also be swelling, warmth, and creaking of the affected
joints. Pain and stiffness of the joints can also occur after long periods of doing nothing.