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Fisiologi Kelenjar Adrenal
Fisiologi Kelenjar Adrenal
2018
[SKENARIO ]
DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 1
LAPORAN DISKUSI TUTORIAL
Seorang Anak 12 Tahun dengan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 1 dan Klasifikasi Tingkat
Maturitas Kelamin Payudara Tanner Stadium II
OLEH:
Aisya Fikritama A
Efanrani Stiawan
Hendra Wardhana
Irizki Tisna S
Restu Triwulandani T
Vita Pramatasari Har
2018
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SKENARIO
Sabrina is a 12 years old girl with type 1 D; The diagnosis was made in your hospital when
she presented with DKA 1 year ago. The parents call you for her blood glucose results. She is
being treated with basal bolus regimen (total daily of insulin 1.5 unit/kg/day).
Parents are concerned as the results of the measurements of glucometer device indicated
recurrently high levels. They are worried of hih levels of blood glucose by glucose strip as
she might be at risk for ketoacidosis. They had given her a correction dose and monitor food
but the results were always high. Her last HbA1c was 12% (107.7 mmol/mol).
Sabrina lives with her parents 2 hours by car from your hospital. Her parents have three
daughters and Sabrina is the youngest. Her daughter live separately. They are from low socio-
economic family and they have a national health insurance. There are not blood keton strips
for home monitoring available. The family usually only use a glucometer when they can
afford the strips.
Because parents could not control her blood glucose, they bring Sabrina to your hospital.
History:
She has no specific complaint; no dyspneu, stomache pains, headache, polyuria, polyphagia
or polydipsia.
She also reports that she worries a lot about her school work and upcoming examinations.
Physical examination:
She was alert, brathing normally without any fruity breath odor. BP 110/60 mmHg (normal);
not appearing clinically dehydrated; puberty stage Tanner 2; Thyroid gland not palpable; no
hyperpigmentation, hirsutism; normal reflexes.
Lab Results:
Plasma blood glucose, postprandially, 488 mg/dl (27,1 mmol/l)
pH 7.532
pCO2 28.2 mmHg
HCO3 23.9 mEq/L
Blood Ketone 0.1 mmol/L
Urinary Ketones: negative
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STEP 1
TERMINOLOGI
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STEP 2
Menentukan Masalah
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STEP 3
Menganalisis Masalah melalui Brainstorming
3. Tatalaksana:
- Insulin
- Pengaturan diet
- Aktifitas fsik
- Edukasi
- Home monitoring
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Komplikasi:
- KAD
- Retinopati, gastropati, nefropati, neuropati
- Gangguan tumbuh kembang (pubertas)
- Hipoglikemia
6. Tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat sosial ekonomi dengan terjadinya DM Tipe 1
7. Edukasi:
- Pemahaman tentang DM Tipe I beserta komplikasinya
- Tatalaksana DM Tipe I yang dapat dikerjakan mandiri dirumah, meliputi:
Pemakaian terapi insulin dengan benar (dosis&lokasi)
Pengaturan diet dengan 3J: tepat jumlah, jenis, dan jadwal
Olahraga minimal 3kali seminggu dengan durasi 30 menit.
Pemantauan gula darah secara mandiri
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- Payudara
- Rambut pubis
- Kecepatan tumbuh
- Umur tulang
Dan terbagi kedalam 5 tahap
9. –
10. Psikoterapi diperlukann bagi penderita DM Tipe I agar pasien mampu memahami dan
menerima penyakit yang sedang diderita sehingga tujuan terapi dapat tercapai.
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SKEMA
Etiologi Polodipsi
Tatalaksana
Pemantauan Laboratorium:
GD2PP
HBa1c
AGD
DKA
Keton darah+urin
Tanda-tanda pubertas
Hirsutisme
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STEP 5
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Mahasiswa mampu untuk memahami dan menjelaskan tentang :
1. Definisi, etiologi, gambaran klinis, patofisiologi, tatalaksana, dan pemantauan
pada pasien DM Tipe I
2. Definisi, etiologi, gambaran klinis, patofisiologi, tatalaksana, dan pemantauan
pada pasien DKA
3. Hubungan antara DM Tipe I dengan tumbuh kembang
4. Tahapan pubertas sesuai klasifikasi Tanner
5. Rencana pengelolaan pasien DM Tipe I
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