Purpose of 309 and 313 characterize the geology and flow system outline areas of recharge water supply and local aquifers “protected areas susceptible to contamination “areas of significant infiltration, determine rates and areas were inflation can be optimized “recommend BMP to ensure groundwater quality and flow system. Field work 309 and 313, 18 testpits average depth of 3metres, 308-11,7-309 5 boreholes, 3-313,2-308 less then 25metres deep 1 deep borehole in 309 45m in 309 MW6, 313 wm93-0S is already there. Mini pezometers and seepage meter data was conducted along the creeks Guciph permeameter -8 locations saturated infiltration rates Falling head and slug testes were preformed on wells Geology Bedrock ‘Eastern rim of the Michigan Basin, bedrock within this basin generally dip toward the southwest In area the bedrock is Salina, buff to brown dolostone and limestone interbedded with grey and green shale Poot drinking water due to gypsum and anhydrite ‘Overburden Located on the easter flank of the physographic region Waterloo Moraine [Largest feature in the waterloo area ‘Formed from the intersection of glacial lobes of Lake Ontario, Lake Erie and Lake Huron. ‘A major portion of the moraine is sand and gravel but is overlain by the a clay til in portions. Hummocky terrain and high relief with rounded crests Overburden thickness ranges from 95 to 75 metres Glacial deposits of the Late Wisconsinan sub-stage of the Pleistocene epoch (23000,1000 BP) ‘Over this period ice lobes advanced and retreated causing reworking of older deposits such and glacial lls, coatwash sands and gravels, kame deposits and glaciolacustrine deposits, ‘Six major units are distinguished by there glacial advance Tavistock Till, Port Stanley Till, Maryhill Til, Catfish Creek Till, Pre-Ctafish Creek Til, from descending order depth below surface. Glacial Outwash forms the interbedded aquifer system berween the clayey substances Port Stanley-sandy silt Ti ‘Tavistock Til ~ clayey sit tll ‘Maryhill Till separates the over burden aquifer sequence to form the upper and lower aquifer Catfish Creek Till (locally reworked by flowing water from glaciers and has become interbedded with sands) General Descriptions "The southern area of 309 is comprised primarily of fine sand deposits, at MW the sand lenses extends to 45 mbgs were underlain by siltyclay. ‘Sand and local sand and gravel outcrop along the drainage path of Laurel Creek throughout the 309 ‘watershed. ‘These high permeable sections are immediately underlain by silt and clay at shallow depths less then 10 metres ‘The northern section of 309 is outeropped by a silt/clay which is associated withthe Tavistock Till. ‘The southeastern section of 309 is comprised of more silt and clay which is believed to be part ofthe ‘Maryhill ill units. The surfical geology of most of 313 is considered to be part of the Maryhil till and thickness tothe south. Along the northern branch of Clair Creek sand deposits are found. This is believed to be part the massive sand unit outcropping in the southern section of 309. This window is surrounded by flay cap of Mary Hill till that ranges in thickness of 10 metres at WM93-08 to zero metres at Clair Creek, ‘At Wm3-08 the sand unit extents to over 45 metres. Much of the southwestern portion of 309 is sand exposed and toward the south the clay and silty‘Stormwater Clair Hills Existing Conditions 314 Outlined in Laurel Creek Watershed and further outlined in Subwatershed 314 surfical Geology Area lies within the Waterloo Hills physiographic region (Chapman and Putman 1984) or locally asthe ‘Waterloo Sandhills. sandy ridges and hills with outwash sands, many are kames or kame moraines that are stratified sands or gravels deposited in the glaciofluvial environment during Wisconsinan glaciation ‘Topography “The topography is comprised by a gently sloping hill with most slopes between 3 to 12%. In the Clair Creek valley at Erbsville road the slopes reach >15% slopes. Surface Drainage 314 (Clair hills final plan) “Run from north to south through the developing areas at the confluence with Clais Creek near Erbsville Road. “314 area is 315 Ha and 120 Ha is the Clair Hills and Erbsville Road Developments -flow through the streams are intermitted. “Dutton pond atthe landfill supplies extended flow for Clair Creek through a 850 m drainage pipe. “Plant life suggest that along period of flow is maintained Richardsons Pondweed and water milfoilin the upper reaches of the creek, these aquatic submergents cannot survive without. ‘Water flow is dramatic water instream range from 10 cm to 1m and often in rainfall events the stream spill over tothe flood plain. ‘Dutton pond is filled by cool water from random tle drains and warm water from runoff "This pond empties from a 300 mm drainage pipe tothe south branch of Clair creek ‘The southern westerly side acts has no mature drainage systems exist due to alteration from agricultural cultivation practices. ‘Many topographic lows in the area act as small ponds and retain water, for infiltration. 120 Ha is size of new Clair hills development. Currently the south branch ofthe creek has flow all year round due to tle drains which dain the immediate ‘subsurface and flow into the creck. Creek is most often clear only after rainfall events dose the creek get ‘muddy evident of hi runoff from overland flow. Green algae exists in pond which is evidence of high ‘utrients. From the cash crops. re-development conditions for rainfall from 314 Rainfall 921 mm Potential evapor 593 mm Average runoff 92 mm Potential infil 236mm Potential infiltration to hi dure tosoils type incounted during clair ills geotecnical investigationSoil Classifications From Presant and Wicklund 1971 surfical 309 and 313 soils were classified into common soils types in the region which are associated by parent materials (clay and coarse gravels), weathering (chemical and ‘mechanical) and drainage ability. Soils types in the area are comprised of the Brant-Waterloo, wich is ‘most prevalent, and minor sols types of Huron-St. Clements, Burford-Fox Bennington-Bookton and Organic. Brant-Waterloo soils are coarse and medium textured soils developed on lacustrine deposits and contains gravelly lenses. This soil is described as having low water baring capacity. Brant soils are developed on ‘well-drained glaciolacustrine silt deposits. Frequently perched water tables and wet spots are found in the Brant soils due to the presence of interbedded thin clay strata, Burford-Fox soils are coarse and medium textured soils and are well drained and often cover gravelly material. These soils represent areas of potential recharge. ‘Bennington-Bookton soils are coarse to medium textured soils and cover clay till plains. Due to the higher clay content these soils have a lower permeability. “Huron-St Clements fine textured soils developed on till lacustrine deposits increase clay content make for poor permeability and water perching, (Organic materials are formed from old melt water channels or depressions and contain more then 30 percent organic material. These soils remain water baring for most of the year. Hydrostratigraphy ‘Cross Sections A-A‘ shows the upper aquifer unit which is outcropping just north ofthe Clair Creek. This units the ‘production unit forthe Erb Street well field (W6-8) south and Waterloo North wells (W4-5,W 10) in the north. The upper Aquifer is most evideat in MWe which shows a sequence of sand from surface to approx 30m thick. A confining ayer ranging from 5 to 10 metres isolates the lower aquifer from local recharge in the area and contamination. The upper aquifer becomes confined toward the south of 313. The confining unit of clay becomes thicker as we move south toward the northern end of subwatershed 313 and 309 the aquifer becomes outcropped. This confining unit inthe south i the Maryhill ill defined by Kartow (3). Capture zones forthe William Street wel field may underly the 309 and 313. DD" the northern area of 309 becomes more complex. The upper sequence of aquifer becomes thiner as the topography slopes toward the Laurel Creek. The confining unit tothe lower aquifers also thins more toward the north. Subwatershed 313 the subsurface is comprised of a thicker sequence of Maryhill till and confines the upper aquifer that outcrops more north toward ws 308. Toward the south the aquifer becomes more confined beneath a thicker clay unit, Groundwater Flow: Groundwater flow is broken up into three distinct paths. As a result of the hummocky terrain and complex surface geology groundwater perching is prevalent. This water often flows across low permable units to lower elevations and ponds or finds a permeable unit to inftrate. Small wetlands of stagnant water are found thought the area. Sections of the creek network traverse areas of varying permeability. Much of the water infiltrating into the