EE4140 Computer Assignment 2 

KEERTHI SURESH EE15B131 

ANIT TOMY EE15B074 
 
Honor Code : I certify that this assignment submission is my own work 
and not obtained from any other source 
 
1. 
 
RC as transmit filter (roll-off 0.3)

 
  
 
 
 
   
 
- Use RC with with twice the bandwidth and roll-off 0.3 as Rx filter  

 
 
 
 
 
 
- Convolve the Tx and Rx and comment about Nyquist property   

 
  
The convolution output is nyquist at twice the symbol rate, because the bandwidth 
of receive filter is double that of transmit filter. Convolution filter satisfies nyquist 
property 
 
Code: 
 
clear all; 
close all; 
a=.3; %roll off factor 
T=1/25000; %reciprocal of symbol rate 
os=8; 
tr=10; 
 
t= -tr*T:T/os:tr*T; 
 
for i= 1:length(t) 
 
if(t(i)==0) 
Y(i)=1; 
else if(t(i)==T/2/a | t(i)==-T/2/a )    
Y(i)=pi/(4*T)*sin(pi/(2*a))/(pi/2/a); 
else 
  Y(i)=(sin(pi*t(i)/T))/(pi*t(i)/T)*cos(pi*a*t(i)/T)/(1-(2*a*t(i)/T)^2); 
end 
end 
end 
 
figure(1); 
stem(t,Y); 
title('Tx Filter') 
xlabel('time') 
ylabel('Amplitude') 
 
N=1024; 
y=fftshift(fft(Y,N)); 
f = (-N/2:N/2-1)/N;  % Frequency vector 
figure(2); 
freqres=20*log10(abs(y))-20*log10(abs(y(513))); 
plot(f,freqres); 
title('Tx Filter Frequency Response') 
xlabel('frequency') 
ylabel('Amplitude') 
 
  
a=.3; %roll off factor 
T1=1/(2*25000); %reciprocal of symbol rate 
os=4; 
tr=10; 
 
t1= -tr*T1:T1/os:tr*T1; 
 
for i= 1:length(t1) 
 
if(t1(i)==0) 
Y1(i)=1; 
else if(t1(i)==T1/2/a | t1(i)==-T1/2/a )    
Y1(i)=pi/(4*T1)*sin(pi/(2*a))/(pi/2/a); 
else 
  Y1(i)=(sin(pi*t1(i)/T1))/(pi*t1(i)/T1)*cos(pi*a*t1(i)/T1)/(1-(2*a*t1(i)/T1)^2); 
end 
end 
end 
 
figure(3); 
stem(t1,Y1); 
title('Rx Filter') 
xlabel('time') 
ylabel('Amplitude') 
 
N=1024; 
 y1=fftshift(fft(Y1,N)); 
f = (-N/2:N/2-1)/N;  % Frequency vector 
figure(4); 
freqres=20*log10(abs(y1))-20*log10(abs(y1(513))); 
plot(f,freqres); 
title('Rx Filter Frequency Response') 
xlabel('Frequency') 
ylabel('Amplitude') 
 
Z=conv(Y,Y1); 
t2=-tr*(T1+T):T1/os:tr*(T1+T); 
figure(5) 
stem(t2,Z) 
title('Convolution Output') 
xlabel('Time') 
ylabel('Amplitude') 
 
 
N=1024; 
z=fftshift(fft(Z,N)); 
f = (-N/2:N/2-1)/N;  % Frequency vector 
figure(6); 
freqres=20*log10(abs(z))-20*log10(abs(z(513))); 
plot(f,freqres); 
title('Convolution Output Frequency Response') 
xlabel('Frequency') 
ylabel('Amplitude') 
 
 
 
 
2 . 16 -QAM modulation.

 
  
 
Maximum eye opening is at 0 and it has 4 distinct levels at 0. 
Code: 
%Generating 16 QAM 
M = 16;  % Size of signal constellation 
k = log2(M);  % Number of bits per symbol 
n = 2000;  % Number of bits to process 
numSamplesPerSymbol = 8; % Oversampling factor 
dataIn = randi([0 1],n,1); % Generate vector of binary data 
 dataInMatrix = reshape(dataIn,length(dataIn)/k,k); % Reshape data into binary 
k-tuples, k = log2(M) 
dataSymbolsIn = bi2de(dataInMatrix);  % Convert to integers 
dataMod = qammod(dataSymbolsIn,M); % Gray coding, phase offset = 0 
scatterplot(dataMod,1,0,'k*'); 
 
%Designing RC Filter 
Nsym = 10;  % Filter span in symbol durations 
beta = 0.3;  % Roll-off factor 
sampsPerSym = 8; % Upsampling factor 
rctFilt = rcosdesign(0.3,10,8,'normal'); 
 
%Applying FIlter 
txSignal = upfirdn(dataMod, rctFilt, numSamplesPerSymbol, 1); 
 
%Plotting Eye Diagram 
eyediagram(txSignal,numSamplesPerSymbol*2); 
 
 
   
 
3. 

 
  
The pulse does not satisfy Nyquist Criterion, since from the graph we cannot find 
samples that are zero at T intervals. This results in ISI.  
Conclusions about effects of ISI: 
1. Eye openings are narrow 
2. Difficult to detect the signal since 2 distinct levels are not seen 
  
 
 
Code: 
  
clear all; 
close all; 
%Generating QPSK data 
M = 4;  % Size of signal constellation 
k = log2(M);  % Number of bits per symbol 
n = 2000;  % Number of bits to process 
numSamplesPerSymbol = 8; % Oversampling factor 
dataIn = randi([0 1],n,1); % Generate vector of binary data 
dataInMatrix = reshape(dataIn,length(dataIn)/k,k); % Reshape data into binary 
k-tuples, k = log2(M) 
dataSymbolsIn = bi2de(dataInMatrix);  % Convert to integers 
dataMod = qammod(dataSymbolsIn,M); % Gray coding, phase offset = 0 
 
scatterplot(dataMod,1,0,'k*'); 
hold off; 
  
a=.2; %roll off factor 
T=1/25000; %reciprocal of symbol rate 
os=8; 
tr=10; 
 
t= -tr*T:T/os:tr*T; 
T_new = T*5/3; 
for i= 1:length(t) 
 
if(t(i)==0) 
Y(i)=1; 
else if(t(i)==T_new/2/a | t(i)==-T_new/2/a )    
Y(i)=pi/(4*T)*sin(pi/(2*a))/(pi/2/a); 
else 
 
Y(i)=(sin(pi*t(i)/T_new))/(pi*t(i)/T_new)*cos(pi*a*t(i)/T_new)/(1-(2*a*t(i)/T_new)
^2); 
end 
end 
end 
 
figure(4); 
stem(t,Y); 
title('Filter') 
xlabel('time') 
ylabel('Amplitude') 
 
 
N=1024; 
y=fftshift(fft(Y,N)); 
 f = (-N/2:N/2-1)/N;  % Frequency vector 
figure(2); 
freqres=20*log10(abs(y))-20*log10(abs(y(513))); 
plot(f,freqres); 
title('Filter Frequency Response') 
xlabel('Frequency') 
ylabel('Amplitude') 
 
 
txSignal = upfirdn(dataMod, Y, numSamplesPerSymbol, 1); 
eyediagram(txSignal,numSamplesPerSymbol*2);