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Chap 06 Capacitors and Inductors
Chap 06 Capacitors and Inductors
Inductors
Outline
• Introduction
• Capacitors
• Series and Parallel Capacitors
• Inductors
• Series and Parallel Inductors
Trimmer capacitor
filmtrim capacitor
i = dq = C dv i =
dq
dt dt dt
Current-voltage relationship
Chap 06 Capacitors and Inductors 11
Voltage-Current Relationship of
Capacitor
dv
• Since i = C
dt
• Integrating both sides
1 t
v = id ; v ( ) = 0
C
1 t 1 t0
v = id id ;
C to C
1 t
= id v (to ); v(to) = q(to) / C
C to
dv(t ) 6 d
i =C = 5 10 10 cos 6000t
dt dt
= 5 106 6000 10 sin 6000t = 0.3sin 6000t A
2 10 3000 0
= 1 e3000t V
dt
Ceq = C1 C2 C3 .... CN
Chap 06 Capacitors and Inductors 25
Remarks
N 2 A
L=
l
Four factors determines the value of inductance
1. N: the number of turns—the larger the number of turns
of coil, the greater the inductance.
2. l: the length of the coil—the shorter the length, the
greater the inductance.
3. A: the cross-sectional area—the larger the area, the
greater the inductance.
4. : the permeability of the core—the higher the
permeability, the larger the inductance.
Chap 06 Capacitors and Inductors 35
Various Types of Inductors
solenoidal wound
inductor
Voltage-current relationship
Chap 06 Capacitors and Inductors 38
Current-Voltage Relationship of
Inductor
di 1
• Since v = L di = vdt
dt L
• Integrating both sides
1 t
i = vdt; i ( ) = 0
L
1 t
or i = vdt i (to); i(to) = (to ) / L
L to
• The inductor current depends on the past
history of the inductor voltage. Hence, the
memory effect counts.
Chap 06 Capacitors and Inductors 39
Energy Stored in Inductor
• Instantaneous power delivered to the inductor
di
p = vi = L i
dt
2
• Energy stores in the magnetic field.
Chap 06 Capacitors and Inductors 40
Properties of Inductor
• An inductor is a short circuit to dc
Because v=Ldi/dt, a current flowing through an inductor
which does not change with time creates no voltage across
the inductor.
• The current through an inductor cannot change
abruptly
A discontinuous change in current requires an infinite
voltage, which is physically impossible.
Hence, an inductor is impossible to have an abrupt change
in its current.
2 2
Chap 06 Capacitors and Inductors 44
Example 6.9
Q: Find the current through a 5-H inductor if the voltage
across it is 2
30t , t 0
v(t ) =
0, t0
Also find the energy stored within 0 < t < 5s. Assume
i(0)=0.
Sol: 1 t
Since i = v( )d i (t0 ) and L = 5H
L t0
3
1 t t
i = 30 2 d 0 = 6 = 2t 3 A
5 0 3
Chap 06 Capacitors and Inductors 45
Example 6.9 (cont.)
(b) 1 1
wc = Cvc = 1 102 = 50J,
2
2 2
1 2 1
wL = Li = 2 22 = 4J
2 2
Chap 06 Capacitors and Inductors 48
Series Inductors
• The equivalent inductance of N series-connected
inductors is the sum of individual inductances.
By KVL v = v1 v2 vN
di di
= L1 L2 LN = Leq
dt dt
Leq = L1 L2 L3 LN
Chap 06 Capacitors and Inductors 49
Parallel Inductors
• The equivalent inductance of N parallel-connected
inductors is the reciprocal of the sum of the
reciprocals of individual inductances.
By KCL i = i1 i2 i3 ... iN
1 t 1 t
i = vd i1 (t0 ) vd iN (t0 )
L1 t0 LN t0
1 1 t
= t0 vd i1 (t0 ) iN (t0 )
L1 LN
1 t
KCL at t0
= vd i (t0 )
Leq 0 t
1 1 1 1 1
=
Leq L1 L2 L3 LN
Chap 06 Capacitors and Inductors 50
Remarks
Sol:
Series : 20H, 12H, 10H 42H
7 42
Parallel : 7H,42H = 6H
7 42
Leq = 4 6 8 = 18H
Chap 06 Capacitors and Inductors 53
Example 6.12
Sol:
(a) i(t)=4(2-e-10t) mA → i(0)=4(2-1)=4mA
By KCL i1(0) = i(0) – i2(0) = 4-(-1) = 5mA
(b) The equivalent inductance is
Leq=2+4∥12=2+3=5H
di
v(t ) = Leq = 5 4 (1) (10)e10t = 200e10t mV
dt
di
v1 (t ) = 2 = 2 (4) (10)e10t = 80e 10t mV
dt
v2 (t ) = v(t ) v1 (t ) = 120e 10t mV
Chap 06 Capacitors and Inductors 55
Example 6.12 (cont.)
1 t
(c) i = v(t ) dt i (0)
L 0
1 t 120 t 10
i1 (t ) = v2 d i1 (0) = e d 5
4 0 4 0
10 t
= 3e 5 = 3e10t 3 5 = 8 3e10t mA
0
1 t 120 t 10
i2 (t ) = v2 d i2 (0) = e d 1
12 0 12 0
10 t
= e 1 = e10t 1 1 = e 10t mA
0