2010.

12 DLE Mock Examinations

Testbank source: Dental Decks 2007-2008, RBSCD, ASDA
Prepared by: The Study Place Dental Review
Contact information: 0917-8238639; 0922-8238639;
Email: thestudyplace@googlegroups.com
Online Web-based review: http://groups.google.com/group/thestudyplace

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers
the question.

1) A disease or condition occurring among many individuals in a community 1)

at the same time and usually spreading rapidly.
A) causality B) reliability
C) epidemic D) epidemiology

2) A study which utilizes questionnaires, opinionnaires, interviews, and 2)

indexes is called a
A) quasi-experimental
B) document analysis
C) survey
D) developmental
E) none of the above

3) A relatively low, but constant level of occurrence of a disease or 3)

condition in a population.
A) epidemiology B) epidemic
C) pandemic D) endemic

4) The best way to ensure adequate representation is to take a random 4)

sample.
A) True B) False

5) Measures the presence or abscence of a condition or disease 5)

A) simple index B) cumulative index
C) reversible index D) irreversible index

6) The mode is the 6)

A) midpoint
B) average
C) most frequently occurring value
D) both A and B
E) all of the above

7) Brand X does significantly decrease periodontal disease. 7)

A) positive hypothesis B) objective
C) null hypothesis D) none of the above

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 8) The Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI) is an index used when studying which 8)
type of oral hygiene intervention?
A) polishing product
B) fluoride
C) sealants
D) floss
E) none of the above

9) This type of approach describes and interprets current events or 9)

situations.
A) ex post facto
B) case cohort
C) case control
D) descriptive
E) none of the above

10) Revisions to a program should occur 10)

A) continually
B) during the evaluation phase
C) during the assessment phase
D) before a program has commenced
E) none of the above

11) It an objective mathematical description of a diagnosis based on 11)

carefully determined criteria under specified conditions
A) incidence
B) prevalence
C) epidemiology
D) indices
E) none of these

12) A numerical expression of the number of all existing cases of a disease 12)
or condition measured at a given period of time.
A) incidence B) epidemiology
C) mortality D) prevalence

13) Mutually exclusive 13)

A) continuous variable
B) scales of measurement
C) discrete variable
D) both A and B
E) all of the above

14) This approach studies the meaning of past events. 14)

A) case study
B) historical
C) case control
D) descriptive
E) all of the above

15) The theory of causation for a disease or condition. 15)

A) incidence B) epidemiology
C) etiology D) mortality

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16) Measures conditions that will not change 16)
A) cumulative index B) irreversible index
C) reversible index D) none of the above

17) This type of research studies the same population over an extended 17)
period of time.
A) survey
B) longitudinal study
C) correlational study
D) case control
E) both A and B

18) Which type of evaluation method utilizes face-to-face interviews? 18)

A) analysis
B) clinical
C) assessment
D) nonclinical
E) none of the above

19) A histogram utilizes dots on a frequency table. 19)

A) True B) False

20) The number of new cases of a disease or condition over a given period 20)
of time.
A) epidemiology B) risk factors
C) surveillance D) incidence

21) Characteristics of an individual or population which may increase the 21)

likelihood of experiencing a given health problem.
A) risk factors B) surveillance
C) epidemiology D) pandemic

22) This approach measures the relationship between variables. 22)

A) case control
B) ex post facto
C) correlational
D) experimental
E) all of the above

23) Controlled or uncontrolled diabetes is an example of which scale? 23)

A) discrete variable
B) continuous variable
C) scales of measurement
D) ordinal scale
E) nominal scale

24) The mean of the following values 7, 7, 8, 8, 5 is 3. 24)

A) True B) False

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25) The focus on evaluation should occur during which stage of the program? 25)
A) planning
B) implementation
C) evaluation
D) assessment
E) all of the above

26) Implying that dental hygiene practice is based upon documented evidence 26)
from critically reviewed research is termed
A) knowledge-driven
B) case control
C) evidenced-based
D) causality
E) all of the above

27) What involves the application of statistical tests to the data in order 27)
to organize, describe, summarize, and analyze it to answer a research
question or test a hypothesis?
A) data analysis
B) data interpretation
C) causality
D) data assessment
E) both A and D

28) During which stage are possible constraints and alternatives addressed? 28)
A) planning
B) dental hygiene diagnosis
C) implementation
D) assessment
E) evaluation

29) Large and infinite number of measures along a continuum 29)

A) scales of measurement
B) continuous variable
C) discrete variable
D) both A and B
E) all of the above

30) The majority of adults have at least 2 mm or more loss of attachment. 30)
A) True B) False

31) Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio 31)

A) discrete variable
B) scales of measurement
C) continuous variable
D) both A and B
E) all of the above

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32) This study is an in-depth report on a single person, group, event, or 32)
situation.
A) correlational
B) experimental
C) case study
D) quasi-experimental
E) none of the above

33) To report an average without a measure of dispersion can misrepresent 33)

the data.
A) True B) False

34) During which stage does the hygienist analyze the current resources? 34)
A) implementation
B) evaluation
C) planning
D) assessment
E) dental hygiene diagnosis

35) An investigation that studies the frequency of flossing and periodontal 35)
disease is called a
A) survey
B) correlational study
C) case study
D) trend
E) all of the above

36) It is a scientific discipline concerned with the application of 36)

statistical method of problems in bioglogy and medicine
A) biostatistics
B) public health
C) statistics
D) sampling
E) none of these

37) The Patient Hygiene Performance Index (PHP) assesses the extent of 37)
A) plaque and debris
B) gingival bleeding
C) gingival inflammation
D) plaque
E) all of the above

38) The study of disease in a target population is called 38)

A) naturalization
B) causality
C) epidemiology
D) etiology
E) all of the above

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39) Which is the most common correlation coefficient? 39)
A) Student t test
B) Pearson product moment correlation coefficient
C) analysis of variance
D) Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient
E) all are equally common

40) The LPA assesses 40)

A) gingival bleeding
B) gingival bleeding and inflammation
C) loss of periodontal attachment
D) loss of gingival attachment
E) both A and D

41) It is used to delineate disease patterns in a community 41)

A) experimental epidemiology
B) epidemiology
C) dental epidemiology
D) descriptive epidemiology
E) none of these

42) Which of the following is determined by subtracting the square of the 42)
standard deviation?
A) range
B) square deviation
C) variance
D) both A and B
E) all of the above

43) A literature review should cite many sources and include studies 43)
published in peer-reviewed journals.
A) True B) False

44) Which is determined by subtracting the highest score from the lowest 44)
score?
A) variance
B) range
C) standard deviation
D) both A and B
E) all of the above

45) Which theorem suggests that if an infinite number of randomly selected 45)
samples is drawn from a population, the means of the samples tend to be
normally distributed, and the average of the sample mean is very close
to the mean?
A) central limit
B) skew
C) normal distribution
D) bell distribution
E) none of the above

46) Measures all evidence of a condition or disease 46)

A) cumulative index B) reversible index
C) simple index D) comprehensive index

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47) Widespread outbreaks of a disease or condition across a region. 47)
A) endemic B) pandemic
C) epidemic D) none of the above

48) A standardized method used to describe the status of an individual or 48)

group with respect to a given condition.
A) index B) epidemiology
C) incidence D) mortality

49) It is concerned in making estimates, predictions, generalizations, 49)

conclusions, about population based on information from a sample
A) inscriptive statistics B) descriptive statistics
C) inferential statistics D) differential statistics

50) When research involves human subjects, an informed consent must be 50)
obtained.
A) True B) False

51) Systemic sampling is done by utilizing patients from a practice. 51)

A) True B) False

52) Personnel needs, sometimes referred to as workforce, are addressed 52)

during which stage?
A) evaluation
B) planning
C) assessment
D) dental hygiene diagnosis
E) implementation

53) The Dental Aesthetic Index assesses 53)

A) esthetics of occlusion
B) restorative marginations
C) gingival margination
D) both A and B
E) none of the above

54) During which stage does are the goals/objectives measured? 54)
A) planning
B) dental hygiene diagnosis
C) assessment
D) evaluation
E) implementation

55) This study approximates the true experimental approach but lacks the 55)
control of true experimentation.
A) clinical
B) survey
C) quasi-experimental
D) retroactive
E) none of the above

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56) This source contains oral epidemiological data from around the world. 56)
A) Global Oral Data Bank
B) International Federation of Dental Hygienists
C) Prevention International
D) Federation Dentaire International
E) none of the above

57) This study tries to investigate cause-and-effect relationships and 57)

involves manipulation of variables.
A) trend
B) experimental
C) survey
D) correlational
E) all of the above

58) Which is a perfect correlation? 58)

A) -.98 B) +.98 C) +.75 D) +1 E) 0

59) Organizes data into mutually exclusive categories which are 59)
rank-ordered based on some criterion
A) continuous variable
B) discrete variable
C) scales of measurement
D) ordinal scale
E) nominal scale

60) The following set of values has 2 modes: 7, 7, 8, 8, 5. 60)

A) True B) False

61) During which stage does the hygienist employ revisions? 61)
A) planning
B) assessment
C) dental hygiene diagnosis
D) implementation
E) all of the above

62) Ultrasonic instrumentation is significantly better than hand-scaling. 62)

A) null hypothesis B) positive hypothesis
C) objective D) none of the above

63) A bar graph is used to present categorical data. 63)

A) True B) False

64) A study of the development of the International Federation of Dental 64)

Hygienists Association would be which type of research approach?
A) descriptive
B) historical
C) ex post facto
D) case study
E) both A and B

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65) Which of the following is the first step in the research process? 65)
A) developing the protocol
B) choosing the research question
C) pretesting the protocol
D) both A and B
E) none of the above

66) The mean is commonly considered to be the 66)

A) most frequently occurring value
B) average
C) midpoint
D) both A and B
E) all of the above

67) This often measures the level of nonfatal health consequences 67)
(severity) of a disease or condition.
A) epidemiology B) etiology
C) morbidity D) mortality

68) This refers to a relationship or association between variables that can 68)
be measured mathematically.
A) correlation
B) set limit theorem
C) causality
D) trend
E) both A and B

69) This error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected and it is true. 69)
A) Type II
B) Type I
C) Type IV
D) Type III
E) none of the above

70) There is no statistically significant difference between brand X and 70)

the placebo when comparing the periodontal status of the subject.
A) objective B) null hypothesis
C) positive hypothesis D) none of the above

71) Methods or systems used to monitor disease and morbidity in a 71)

population.
A) pandemic B) surveillance
C) epidemiology D) epidemic

72) Most events in this world tend to fall into a bell-shaped curve called 72)
a normal distribution, sometimes called the
A) right skew
B) left skew
C) positive skew
D) Gaussian distribution
E) none of the above

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73) Designed to compare diseases before and after treatment or program 73)
implementation
A) basic index B) dental index
C) none of the above D) all of the above

74) Choosing a community with no serious peace and order problem 74)
A) area selection B) community study
C) entry into the community D) integration

75) The ratio of the number of deaths from a given disease or condition. 75)
A) incidence B) epidemiology
C) surveillance D) mortality

76) A numerical value describing the status of a given population is 76)

referred to as a dental
A) exam
B) screening
C) index
D) category
E) both A and C

77) The following is an example of which type of research? Consider the 77)
effect of intraoral sodium bicarbonate rinses on the periodontal
ligament of laboratory rats.
A) correlational
B) experimental
C) case control
D) case study
E) none of the above

78) Quantitative evaluation generally refers to 78)

A) how many personnel were utilized
B) how well a program did
C) how much a program accomplished
D) both A and B
E) none of the above

79) Characteristics of effective tables and graphs include 79)

A) clarity
B) accuracy
C) appearance
D) both A and B
E) all of the above

80) The median is the 80)

A) most frequently occurring value
B) average
C) midpoint
D) both A and B
E) all of the above

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81) It describes the chain of superiors from the highest to the lower ranks 81)
A) centralization
B) span of control
C) scalar principle
D) autonomy
E) administration

82) Stratifying a sample would define information such as age, gender, sex, 82)
income level, or educational levels.
A) True B) False

83) These are often "adjusted" to make valid comparisons and detect trends. 83)
A) incidence B) disease rates
C) mortality D) index

84) The theory that a disease can be attributed to many factors is termed 84)
A) naturalization
B) dimensional
C) cause-and-effect
D) multifactorial
E) none of the above

85) Measures that can be changed 85)

A) cumulative index B) reversible index
C) irreversible index D) none of the above

86) Which teeth are included in the "Ramjford teeth?" 86)

A) #1
B) #3
C) #12
D) both B and C
E) all of the above

87) Performing observation, interview and surveying 87)

A) area selection B) integration
C) community study D) entry into the community

88) Which term(s) indicate(s) that an index utilizes the "Ramjford teeth" ? 88)
A) S
B) simplified
C) M
D) both B and C
E) all of the above

89) Individuals living below the poverty level experience more dental decay 89)
than those who are economically better off.
A) True B) False

90) The study of the amount, distribution, determinants, and control of 90)
disease and health conditions among given populations.
A) reliability B) epidemic
C) epidemiology D) causality

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91) Which is (are) included as an area(s) of oral health evaluation? 91)
A) tooth loss
B) access to care
C) dental caries
D) both B and C
E) all of the above

92) Flossing significantly decreases interproximal decay in adults. 92)

A) null hypothesis B) objective
C) positive hypothesis D) none of the above

93) Evaluation should be measured by achieving the set 93)

A) quality standards
B) needs assessment
C) objectives
D) priorities
E) none of the above

94) The ratio of "sick" or affected individuals to well individuals. 94)

A) mortality B) index C) morbidity D) incidence

95) Ultrasonic instrumentation is not significantly better than 95)

hand-scaling.
A) null hypothesis B) objective
C) positive hypothesis D) none of the above

96) A dental index should have which characteristic(s)? 96)

A) sensitivity
B) clarity
C) objectivity
D) quantifiablity
E) all of the above

97) Which of the following can be determined by examining the mean and 97)
median of the distribution?
A) bell curve
B) Gaussian distribution
C) skew
D) normal bell distribution
E) none of the above

98) What requires that critical thinking be used to explain the meaning and 98)
application of the findings and identify possible factors that could
influence the results?
A) causality
B) interpretation
C) data analysis
D) data assessment
E) none of the above

99) Often called an "outbreak" of disease. 99)

A) epidemic B) causality
C) reliability D) epidemiology

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100) The internal evaluation of a program is referred to as the 100)
A) formative evaluation
B) summative evaluation
C) quality control evaluation
D) assessment force
E) all of the above

101) Dental caries are one of the most common childhood diseases. 101)
A) True B) False

102) A small version of a proposed study is called a 102)

A) controlled study
B) pivotal study
C) case study
D) pilot study
E) both A and C

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Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED5

1) C 55) C
2) C 56) A
3) D 57) B
4) A 58) D
5) A 59) D
6) C 60) A
7) A 61) D
8) D 62) B
9) D 63) A
10) A 64) B
11) D 65) B
12) D 66) B
13) C 67) C
14) B 68) A
15) C 69) B
16) B 70) B
17) B 71) B
18) D 72) D
19) B 73) B
20) D 74) A
21) A 75) D
22) C 76) C
23) E 77) B
24) B 78) C
25) E 79) E
26) C 80) C
27) A 81) C
28) A 82) A
29) B 83) B
30) A 84) D
31) B 85) B
32) C 86) D
33) A 87) C
34) D 88) C
35) B 89) A
36) A 90) C
37) A 91) E
38) C 92) C
39) B 93) C
40) C 94) C
41) B 95) A
42) C 96) E
43) A 97) E
44) B 98) B
45) A 99) A
46) A 100) A
47) B 101) A
48) A 102) D
49) C
50) A
51) B
52) C
53) A
54) D
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