See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/274372607

Transit Oriented Development

Article · November 2012

CITATIONS READS
6 253

2 authors, including:

Arati Petkar
College of Engineering, Pune
25 PUBLICATIONS   9 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Slum Redevelopment with Special emphasis on Low Cost Construction Techniques and material View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Arati Petkar on 01 April 2015.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Transit Oriented Development
1. Mrs. Arati Siddharth Petkar 2. Sneha Sunil Hamand


Abstract--Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is a high dependency on automobile which is the result of lack of
density, mixed use type of development in a walkable efficient public transport. Now this is alarming situation in
radius, around any transit node. Some of the Indian cities the Indian metro cities to find an efficient public transport
already do have high density and mixed use type of system to achieve sustainable growth of a city.
development. This study aims at how the western concept A transit-oriented development (TOD) is an approach
of TOD is modified in order to suite the Indian context
integrating land use and transit systems to maximize
further discusses need and benefits of TOD and also
portrays the use of TOD as a Financial Model. access to public transport and solve the other problems.
Transit Oriented Development incorporates designed
Index Terms-- Transit Oriented Development, residential and Commercial Centers providing proper
Urbanization, Density, Mix Landuse accessibility to Transit and Non-motorized transportation
and encouraging Transit Ridership [1]. This paper
1. INTRODUCTION discusses the concept, need and benefits of TOD and
further portrays the use of TOD as Financial Model.
I NDIA is the second largest country in the world with
respect to population. With the increase in India’s
population, the country’s urban population also
increased due to rural push and urban pull factors. . As
per the Provisional population totals of Census 2011, the
total population of India was 1210.2 million. The growth
rate of population for India in the last decade was
17.67%. The growth rate of population in rural and urban
areas was 12.18% and 31.80% respectively. The urban
population is 31.16% (increase of 3.35%) of total
population. Maharashtra has the highest urban
population of 50.83 million (13.48% of country’s urban
population) in the country. The basic features of urban
development are increasing infrastructural facilities,
access to improved communication and information
technologies, qualitative living standards and so on. With
the increase in population, spread of cities and
economic activities, the travel demand has increased Fig.1: Total registered Motor Vehicles in Metropolitan
tremendously. Cities in thousands (as on 31.3.2009) [7]
The growing cities of the nation have showed a great
increase in travel demand by motor vehicles. The 2. HISTORY OF TOD
permission to manufacture automobiles has resulted in Peter Calthorpe codified the concept of Transit-
tremendous increase in private ownership of vehicles. Oriented Development in the late 1980’s and, while
The total registered Motor Vehicles in 22 Metropolitan others had promoted similar concepts and contributed to
Cities of India are noted in the Figure1. Delhi has the the design, TOD became a fixture of modern planning
highest vehicle population, which exceeds the combined when Calthorpe published “The New American
vehicle population reported by Chennai, Kolkata and Metropolis” in 1993. TOD has been defined generally as
Mumbai. The top five cities namely Delhi, Bangalore, “a mixed-use community that encourages people to live
Chennai, Hyderabad, and Ahmadabad accounted for near transit services and to decrease their dependence
54% of the total vehicles of metro-cities. This increased on driving.” Calthorpe saw it as a neo-traditional guide to
sustainable community design. Beyond its definition of
built form, it was also a community design theory that
1. Mrs. Arati Siddharth Petkar is working as Assistant Professor
in Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, promised to address a myriad of social issues.
Pune, India. (e-mail: asp.civil@coep.ac.in) Sacramento County, California, hired Calthorpe in
1989 to propose “Pedestrian/Transit Oriented
2. Sneha Sunil Hamand is a Second Year M. Tech-Town & Development” along the County rail stations. This was
Country Planning Student from College of Engineering, Pune,
India. (e-mail: ar.snehahamand@yahoo.co.in) the first official use of the TOD term but Calthorpe
continued to brand his proposals as “Pedestrian

View publication stats