Shesavali Da Daskvniti Sityva

Sesavali sityva, daskvniTi sityva
(saxelmZRvanelo iuristebisaTvis)
OPENING STATEMENT, CLOSING ARGUMENT

(MANUAL FOR LAWYERS)
Sesavali sityva, daskvniTi sityva
(saxelmZRvanelo iuristebisaTvis)
OPENING STATEMENT, CLOSING ARGUMENT

(MANUAL FOR LAWYERS)
gamomcemloba „meridiani“
Tbilisi 2014
2010 wlis 1 oqtombers ZalaSi Sevida saqarTvelos axali sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, romelic qmnis SejibrebiTobis princi pze da-
fuZnebul sistemas.
àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA

ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo depar-
tamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli da samarTaldacviTi programebis
biuros (INL) teqnikuri da finansuri mxardaWeriT exmareba saqarTvelos moqa-
laqeebs marTlmsajulebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofaSi da sxva progr-
amebis paralelurad, axal sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsze dayrdnobiT,
axorcielebs specialur swavlebis programas saqarTvelos advokatebisaTvis
Temaze _ `Sesavali sityva, daskvniTi sityva~.
winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo momzadda àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kan-

onis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkoti-
kuli da samarTaldacviTi programebis biuros (INL) teqnikuri da finansuri
mxardaWeriT. mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia saqarTveloSi moRvawe
advokatebisaTvis. saxelmZRvaneloSi gaTvaliswinebulia misi dabeWdvis peri-
odisaTvis saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdebloba da praqtika.
saxelmZRvanelos momzadeba, redaqtireba da qarTul enaze Targmna Sesa-

Zlebeli gaxda àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~
(ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis Semdeg TanamSromelTa didi ZalisxmeviTa da
Tavdauzogavi muSaobiT:
mamuka mamacaSvili (samxareo direqtoris moadgile);

medea maTiaSvili (ufrosi iuristi);
ana loria (ufrosi iuristi);
Tea WeliZe (finansuri menejeri);

ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi saxelmZRvanelos Seqmnisas gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis
did madlobas uxdis Semdeg pirebsa da organizaciebs: amerikis SeerTebuli
Statebis elCs riCard norlands, aseve: rob buns, aleqsandra belenkaias, iri-
na parSikovas, meri griers, kristi kontaks, judiT kembels, kristin tefts,
© amerikis iuristTa asociacia
ISBN 978-9941-10-789-4
reiCel holcmans, profesor Tomas r. oqonors, maikl terners, aron fiSmans,
stiven nefs, Tamar nasariZes, gvanca saurs, nata wnoriaSvils, tatiana pataraias,
skot torfs, kim terners, judiT kembels, reiCel holcmans, stein lordss, Tia
Svarcmans, jonaTan repings, stiven lubets, skot barnss, aSS erovnul saolqo
prokurorTa asociacias, kolumbiis olqis iuridiuli daxmarebis ofiss, denis
merfs, niu iorkis iuridiuli damxmarebis sazogadoebas, stefan renCs, jefri t.
frederiks, uatani tiehimbas, amerikis samarTlis instituts da amerikis Seer-
Tebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli
da samarTaldacviTi programebis biuros (INL).

ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi gansakuTrebul madlobas uxdis baton ronald
uolfsons winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos SeqmnisaTvis gaweuli didi Zalisxme-
visa da Tavdauzogavi muSaobisaTvis.
winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo Seiqmna àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uze-

naesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier amerikis SeerTebuli
Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli da samarTal-
dacviTi programebis biuros (INL) teqnikuri da finansuri mxardaWeriT. saxelmZR-
vanelo ar gamoxatavs àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~
(ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis an amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo
departamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli da samarTaldacviTi programebis
biuros (INL) mosazrebebs.
3
In October 1, 2010 Georgia’s new Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) took effect.
The Code creates a new adversarial system.
The American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROLI) in Georgia
with assistance and funding provided by the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law
Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL) is working to help
the citizens of Georgia have access to Justice under the new law and among its other pro-
grams has created a program for defense attorneys in Georgia in “Opening Statements,
Closing Arguments” based on the new Criminal Procedure Code.
This Manual was created by ABA ROLI Georgia with funding from the Bureau of
International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department
of State (INL) for the use of Defense Attorneys. To the extent reasonably possible at the
time of its printing, Georgian law and practice has been taken into consideration.
This Manual was assembled, edited or created and translated into Georgian Lan-
guage by the dedicated staff members of ABA ROLI Georgia who worked diligently and
long hours to create it:
Mamuka Mamatsashvili, Deputy Country Director

Medea Matiashvili, Senior Staff Attorney
Ana Loria, Senior Staff Attorney
Tea Chelidze, Office/Financial Manager
ABA ROLI Georgia also thanks the following persons and organizations for help-
ing to make this Manual possible: The U.S. Ambassador to Georgia Richard Norland,
Rob Boone, Alexandra Belenkaya, Irina Parshikova, Mary Greer, Kristi Kontak, Judith
Campbell, Christine Tefft, Rachel L. Holtzman, Dr. Thomas R. O’Connor, Mike Turn-
er, Aaron Fishman, Steven Neff, Tamar Nasaridze, Gvantsa Sauri, Nata Tsnoriashvili,
Tatiana Pataraia, Scott Thorpe, Kim Turner, Judith Campbell, Rachel Holtzman, Stein
Lourdes, Tia Schwartzman, Jonathan Rapping Steven Lubet, Scott Burns, The National
District Attorneys Association, The California District Attorneys Association, The Public
Defender’s Office of the District of Columbia, Dennis Murphy, the Legal Aid Society
of New York, Stephen Rench, Jeffrey T. Frederick, Watani Tyehimba, American Law
4
Institute and the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the
United States Department of State (INL).
The American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROLI) Georgia espe-
cially thanks Mr. Ronald Wolfson for his work and efforts dedicated to the creation of
this manual.
© American Bar Association
This publication is provided by the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative
(ABA ROL Initiative) Georgia through support and funds provided by the Bureau of Interna-
tional Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL).
The opinions expressed herein are not necessarily those of the American Bar Association Rule
of Law Initiative (ABA ROL Initiative) or the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law
Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL).
5
àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ madlobas
uxdis deniel linhardts. statia: `sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~ momzadebulia
deniel linhardtis mier, àmerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da Targmani ganxorcielda
àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI)
saqarTvelos ofisis mier.

ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi madlobas uxdis baton jonaTan repings, iuridi-
uli daxmarebis saswavlo centris samxreTis ofisi; iuridiuli daxmarebis
samsaxuris saswavlo programebis (centris) yofil direqtors (kolumbiis
olqi), niu orleansi, jorjiis Stati. misi statiebi: `faqtebis breinsTorm-
ingi, saqmis Teoriis SemuSaveba da ambis Camoyalibeba sasamarTlo procesze
efeqturi prezentaciisTvis,~ `klientTan urTierTobis damyareba” da `mowmis
Cvenebis mopoveba”, winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi gamoyenebuli iqna batoni
jonaTan repingis nebarTviT. redaqtireba da Targmani ganxorcielda àmerikis
iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos
ofisis mier.

ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi aseve madlobas uxdis NITA-s da baton stiven lu-
bets misive avtorobiT momzadebuli wignidan `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo advo-
katireba~ garkveuli nawilebis gamoyenebis nebarTvisaTvis. wigni gamocemulia
samarTlis skolis mier, sasamarTlo advokatirebis erovnuli institutis
mier 2000 wels aSS-Si da miTiTebulia Sesabamisi SeniSvnebi. aRniSnuli ma-
salis redaqtireba da Targmani ganxorcielda àmerikis iuristTa asociacia
kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
àmerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA

ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi madlobas uxdis stefen renCs _ mosamarTleTa
saxelmZRvanelos avtors, romlis nebarTviTac viyenebT winamdebare masalas.
naSromi redaqtirebuli da modificirebulia àmerikis iuristTa asociaciis
kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier qar-
Tul enaze.
àmerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA

ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi madlobas uxdis vaSingtonis sazogadoebrivi dam-
6
cvelis samsaxurs, qveTavSi - `braldebulis uflebebis dacva sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvisas~ gamoyenebuli masalis mowodebisaTvis.
redaqtireba da Targmani ganxorcielda àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis
uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ madlobas

uxdis maikl d. uimss, jek b. rabins da Carlz ambross. `rogor gamoviZioT
mkvlelobis saqme~, maikl d. uimsi, jek b. rabini da Carlz ambrosi, pirvelad
gamoica amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mier. saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis ameri-
kis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2011). Targmani, gamocema da gavrceleba ganxor-
cielda àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA
ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. Targmnis saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis
iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2012). yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia. dauSve-
belia winamdebare gamocemis teqstis nawilobrivi, an mTliani Secvla ameri-
kis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis
werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe; misamarTi; 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois
60654, USA; el. fosta: copyright@abanet.org
7
ABA ROLI Georgia would like to thank Mr. Daniel Linhardt; Article on “Trail
Advocacy Skills” was created by Daniel Linhardt for use by ABA ROLI and was edited
and translated into the Georgian language by ABA ROLI Georgia for use by defense
attorneys in Georgia.
ABA ROLI Georgia thanks Mr. Jonathan Rapping, Southern Public Defender
Training Center; Former Director of Training for the Public Defender Service (D.C.),
New Orleans (post-Katrina), State of Georgia. His articles:“Brainstorming the Facts, De-
veloping a Case Theory, and Creating a Story for an Effective Presentation at Trial,”
“Building the relationship with your client” and “Taking a witness statement” are used
in the manual by permission from Jonathan Rapping and edited and translated into the
Georgian language by ABA ROLI Georgia.
ABA ROLI Georgia also thanks NITA and Mr. Steven Lubet for the sections used
from Modern Trial Advocacy by Steven Lubet, Law school edition, National Institute for
Trial Advocacy, 2000, USA, which are attributed and footnoted.
ABA ROLI Georgia Thanks Mr. Stephen C. Rench for permission to use his sec-
tion on Voir Dire/ Jury Selection from The Rench Book by Stephen C. Rench, which was
edited and translated to be used by defense attorneys in Georgia.
ABA ROLI Georgia would like to thank Public Defender’s office of Washington
D.C. for the materials used in the section about “How to protect defendant’s rights during
the Trial” which was edited and translated to be used by defense attorneys in Georgia.
Sections from ~How to Try a Murder Case~ by Michael D. Wims, Jack B. Rubin,
and Charles Ambrose originally published by the American Bar Association. Copyright
(US) 2011 American Bar Association. Translated, published and distributed under the
American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative Georgia. Translation Copyright (US)
2012 American Bar Association. All Rights Reserved. The contents of this publication
may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without written permission of the American
Bar Association, Manager of Copyrights and Licensing, 321 North Clark Street, Chi-
cago, Illinois 60654, USA; e-mail: copyright@abanet.org
8
sarCevi
Sesavali..................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Sesavali sityva.......................................................................................................................................... 16
Tema................................................................................................................................................................................................. 17
ambavi/Teoria......................................................................................................................................................................... 18
efeqturoba............................................................................................................................................................................ 22
strategiulad gasaTvaliswinebeli sakiTxebi

Sesavali sityvis dros............................................................................................................. 22
Sesavali sityva (mkvlelobis saqmeebze)....................................... 28

braldebis mxare.............................................................................................................................................................. 28
dacvis mxare........................................................................................................................................................................ 36
daskvniTi sityva...................................................................................................................................... 39
Tema................................................................................................................................................................................................. 41
idaveT!.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
efeqturoba............................................................................................................................................................................ 42
strategiulad gasaTvaliswinebeli sakiTxebi............................................................................. 42
ikamaTeT Tqveni saqmis Teoriaze................................................................................................................. 44
aravis ainteresebs Tqveni piradi mosazrebebi............................................................................ 44
gamoiyeneT nivTieri mtkicebulebebi........................................................................................................ 45
dasviT ritorikuli kiTxvebi......................................................................................................................... 45
gamoiyeneT analogiebi an ambebi..................................................................................................................... 45
amtkiceT Tqveni Zlieri mxareebi............................................................................................................... 46
9
gaumklavdiT sisusteebs........................................................................................................................................ 47
amtkiceT kanonis normebi da daukavSireT faqtebi rogorc
argumentebs, ise nafic msajulTa instruqciebs..................................................................... 48
daskvniTi sityvis organizeba.......................................................................................................................... 48
daskvniTi sityva (mkvlelobis saqmeebze).................................... 50

protesti.................................................................................................................56
unda gavaprotestoT Tu ara?........................................................................................................................ 56
gaprotestebis dro..................................................................................................................................................... 57
SekiTxvebis gaprotesteba..................................................................................................................................... 57
mtkicebis SeTavazeba................................................................................................................................................... 64
mowmis pasuxebi................................................................................................................................................................. 69
braldebulis uflebebis dacva sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvisas....................74
wesi................................................................................................................................................................................................. 74
zogadi wesi.......................................................................................................................................................................... 75
argumentebi konkretuli konstituciuri uflebebis
Selaxvis Taobaze........................................................................................................................................................... 76
komentarebi imis Taobaze, rom dakavebis Semdeg
braldebulma isargebla dumilis uflebiT.................................................................................. 76
pirdapiri miTiTeba imis Taobaze, rom braldebuli ar iZleva Cvenebas.... 78
arapirdapiri miTiTeba imaze, rom braldebuli ar iZleva Cvenebas................. 79
miTiTeba imaze, Tu rogor iqceva braldebuli s.s. saqmis
sasamarTlo ganxilvisas........................................................................................................................................ 80
miTiTeba imaze, rom braldebulis monawileoba sasamarTlo
procesSi saSualebas aZlevs mas SeTxzas sakuTari dacvis pozicia............. 80
10
miTiTeba imaze, rom braldebuli ar iyo Tanaxma Cxrekaze........................................ 81
miTiTeba imaze, rom braldebuls hyavs an moiTxova damcveli............................. 82
advokatis damcireba................................................................................................................................................... 83
advokatis Seqeba.............................................................................................................................................................. 84
miTiTeba dacvis Rirebulebaze....................................................................................................................... 84
piradi mosazrebis gamoTqma braldebulis braleulobis Sesaxeb...................... 85
mowmis sandoobis Tavdebad dadgoma an piradi mosazrebis
gamoTqma mtkicebulebasTan dakavSirebiT........................................................................................... 86
faqtebis damaxinjeba.................................................................................................................................................. 87
iseTi faqtebis xseneba, romelic ar aris saqmeSi................................................................ 88
sxva qmedebebi, rac arRvevs braldebulis
samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas ...................................................................................................... 89
normis arasworad gadmocema ........................................................................................................................ 89
udanaSaulobis prezumfciasTan dakavSirebuli normebis damaxinjeba............ 89
kanonis normis araswori interpretacia
gonivrul eWvs miRma standartis Taobaze.................................................................................... 90
mtkicebis tvirTTan dakavSirebuli kanonis
normis araswori interpretacia................................................................................................................. 90
kanonis araswori ganmarteba ganzraxvis cnebasTan mimarTebaSi............................. 91
mtkicebulebis araswori daxasiaTeba..................................................................................................... 91
komentarebis gakeTeba braldebulis Sesaxeb................................................................................ 92
braldebulis dacinva an misi damcireba........................................................................................... 92
braldebulis garkveuli epiTetiT moxsenieba........................................................................... 93
braldebulis cnobil adamianebTan Sedareba................................................................................ 93
braldebulis `profesional kriminalad~ moxsenieba......................................................... 94
gancxadeba, rom braldebuli saSiSia sazogadoebisTvis................................................ 94
miTiTeba braldebulis warsulSi nasamarTlobaze............................................................... 94
11
jgufur crurwmenebze/winaswar ganwyobebze apelireba................................................... 95
miTiTeba rasobriv kuTvnilebaze................................................................................................................. 96
genderul diskriminaciaze an homofobiaze apelireba...................................................... 96
apelireba klasobriv diskriminaciaze................................................................................................... 97
komentari regionTan dakavSirebiT............................................................................................................ 97
religiuri xasiaTis komentarebi................................................................................................................ 98
dacvis Teoriis dacinva an daknineba...................................................................................................... 98
mowmis Sesaxeb miuRebeli gancxadebis gakeTeba
mowmis `matyuarad~ moxsenieba....................................................................................................................... 99
miTiTeba imaze, rom urTierTobis specialuri xasiaTidan
gamomdinare SeuZlebelia mowmis dakiTxva...................................................................................... 100
msxverplze/dazaralebulze apelireba................................................................................................. 101
msajulTa dazaralebulis adgilze dayeneba............................................................................... 102
dResaswaulebze apelireba msajulTa emociebze zemoqmedebisaTvis................. 103
saxelmwifo braldebis poziciis gaigiveba dazaralebulTan................................... 103
dazaralebulisa da braldebulis uflebebis Sedareba................................................. 103
miTiTeba imaze, rom mosamarTle da braldeba (saxelmwifo)
erT mizans emsaxurebian......................................................................................................................................... 104
zewola calkeul msajulze an msajulTa Semadgenlobaze....................................... 105
msajulTa mowodeba `Seasrulon maTze dakisrebuli funqcia,~
gaswion samsaxuri, Seasrulon sazogadoebis sindisis funqcia,
an gamoasworon sazogadoebaSi arsebuli ukanonoba............................................................ 105
replikis uflebiT borotad sargebloba........................................................................................ 106
winasasamarTlo Suamdgomloba....................................................................................................................... 107
daskvna......................................................................................................................................................................................... 115
12
Sesavali1
2009 wlis 9 oqtombers, axali sisxlis samarTlis sap-

roceso kodeqsis miRebiT, saqarTveloSi Semovida Sejibrebi-
Tobis sistema sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze. iuristebisaTvis
es udides cvlilebasa da gamowvevas warmoadgens. sasamarTlo
procesebze mosamarTleebi aRar gamoaqveyneben mtkicebulebebs
da dahkiTxaven mowmeebs. axla ukve prokuroris/advokatis saqmea
warmoadginos Tavisi saqme da dahkiTxos mowmeebi. Tu proku-
rori/advokati Tavis saqmes Tavs ver gaarTmevs, mtkicebulebebi
da Cveneba verasdros miva mosamarTlemde an nafic msajulebamde,
romlebmac saqme unda gadawyviton. axla tvirTi mTlianad mxa-
reebzea, romlebmac unda uzrunvelyon, rom maTi Suamdgomlo-
bebis mxardamWeri mtkicebulebebi mosamarTlemde an nafic msa-
julebamde mivides. maT aseve unda SeZlon, rom arasasurveli
mtkicebulebebi ar iyos ganxiluli. am mizezTa gamo uaRresad
mniSvnelovania, rom prokurorebma/advokatebma gaigon da maRal
doneze daeuflon SejibrebiTobis sistemas.
SejibrebiTobis sistemis farglebSi TiToeuli mxare war-

moadgens mtkicebulebebs, romlebic, maTi azriT, maT poziciebs
gaamyarebs. arsebobs garkveuli Tanmimdevroba, romelic am pro-
cesSi daculi unda iyos. garda amisa, arsebobs wesebi, romlebic
aregulirebs, Tu ra SeuZlia da ra ar SeuZlia gaakeTos proku-
rorma/advokatma. es wesebi imisTvis Seiqmna, rom prokurorebs/
advokatebs hqonodaT saxelmZRvanelo principebi Tavisi saqmeebis
warmodgenisas. am wesebisa da misi gamoyenebis principis gageba
warmoadgens pirvel nabijs SejibrebiTobis sistemaSi efeqtur
prokurorad/advokatad CamoyalibebisaTvis.
1 momzadebulia deniel linhardtis mier àmerikis iuristTa asocia-

ciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba
da Targmani ganxorcielda àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis
iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.
13
sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi procesis xuT arsebiT fazas
moicavs: nafic msajulTa SerCeva (Voir Dire), Sesavali sityva,
pirdapiri dakiTxva, jvaredini dakiTxva da daskvniTi sityva.
saqmis warmatebulad warmodgenisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvnelo-

ba aqvs mxaris mier TiToeuli fazis swori ganxorcielebis
meTodis codnas. mas Semdeg, rac prokurori/advokati gaigebs
da daeufleba sasamarTlo procesis sxvadasxva fazas, igi SeZ-
lebs iseTi prezentaciis gakeTebas, romelic nafic msajulebs
/mosamarTles daarwmunebs misi saqmis sisworeSi da ganawyobs
misi an misi klientis sasargeblod. sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis
swavlis procesi nebismieri sxva unar-Cvevis SeZenas hgavs,
rogoricaa, magaliTad, fexburTis TamaSis swavla. pirovnebam
Tavdapirvelad fexburTis wesebi unda iswavlos da mxolod
am wesebis Seswavlisa da xangrZlivi varjiSis Semdeg SeiZleba
igi warmatebuli moTamaSe gaxdes. es ar aris procesi, sadac
adamiani wesebs swavlobs da Semdeg ubralod am wesebiT fiqris
gareSe moqmedebs. sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi SemoqmedebiTi proce-
sia. am wesebis farglebSi warmatebulma prokurorma/advokatma
ise unda warmoaCinos Tavisi prezentacia, rom is saqmeSi arse-
bul faqtebsa da Sesabamis kanonebs moergos. prokurors/advo-
kats WeSmariti profesionalis statusi eniWeba mxolod wlebis
praqtikisa da uamravi sasamarTlo procesis Catarebis Semdeg,
sadac xdeba naswavli unar-Cvevebis daxvewa da ganviTareba.
qvemoT mocemuli masala moicavs ZiriTad informacias sa-

samarTlo procesis xuTi fazisa da maTi ganxorcielebis te-
qnikis Sesaxeb. rogorc nebismieri unar-Cvevis Seswavlis SemTx-
vevaSi, winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos mkiTxvelebs movuwodebT
moiZion sxva wyaroebi da damatebiTi masala, romelic maT
warmatebul prokurorebad/advokatebad CamoyalibebaSi daex-
mareba. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom mocemuli masala saqarTveloSi
2011 wels arsebul mdgomareobas ukavSirdeba, sadac saqmeTa
umravlesobas kvlavac mosamarTle ixilavs saqmeTa erTi kat-
egoriis garda _ damamZimebel garemoebebSi Cadenili mkvlelobis
14
saqme SesaZloa naficma msajulebma ganixilon TbilisSi. arcTu
Soreul momavalSi nafici msajulebi sisxlis samarTlis saq-
meebis damatebiT kategoriebsac ganixilaven. marTalia, am sax-
elmZRvaneloSi mocemuli mravali unar-Cveva rogorc mosamarT-
lis, ise nafic msajulTa monawileobiT Catarebul sasamarTlo
procesebze gamoiyeneba, magram arsebobs arsebiTi gansxvaveba,
Tu rogor unda iyos saqme nafici msajulebisa da mosamarTlis
winaSe wardgenili.
sasamarTlo procesis mogebis an wagebis umniSvnelovanesi

faqtori erTi sityviT SeiZleba gamoixatos: momzadeba, momza-
deba, momzadeba. mas alternativa ar aqvs. saqmis mogeba procesis
mimdinareobisas Zalzed iSviaTia, is _ procesamdea mogebuli an
wagebuli. es aris sakiTxi, romlis mniSvnelobis daknineba Seu-
Zlebelia da romelsac TiToeul qveTavSi kvlavac da kvlavac
mivubrundebiT. sasamarTlo procesamde, momzadebis etapze Tqven
ayalibebT Sesaval sityvas, atarebT gamoZiebas, arCevT mowmeebs
da amzadebT am mowmeebs sasamarTlo procesisTvis. aseve, Tqven
gansazRvravT da amzadebT im nivTier mtkicebulebebs, cxrilebsa
da sxva damxmare saSualebebs, romlebsac procesis mimdinareo-
bisas gamoiyenebT. garda amisa, Tqven emzadebiT mowinaaRmdege
mxaris mowmeebis jvaredini dakiTxvisTvis. yvela warmatebuli
advokati girCevT _ momzadeba sasamarTlo procesze warmatebis
sawindaria.
15
Sesavali sityva 2
saqmis Sesavali sityva _ es aris sasamarTlo procesis is

etapi, rodesac prokurori/advokati axdens pirvel STabeWdile-
bas mosamarTlis winaSe an aZlierebs nafic msajulTa SerCevis
dros ukve mopovebul STabeWdilebas nafic msajulTa Semadgen-
lobis winaSe. gaiTvaliswineT, rom amisaTvis Tqven mxolod erTi
Sansi gaqvT. STabeWdileba, romelsac Tqven Sesavali sityvis
dros moaxdenT, mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs gahyvebaT mTeli
sasamarTlo procesis ganmavlobaSi. Sesavali sityva aseve, aris
Tqveni pirveli SesaZlebloba, uTxraT mosamarTles/nafic msa-
julebs, Tu ras exeba saqme. is sasamarTlo procesis erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani nawilia da guldasmiT unda iyos momzadebuli.
samwuxarod, Sesaval sityvas xSirad ar aqceven saTanado yur-
adRebas, rogorc sasamarTlo procesis nawils, radgan mas ar
axasiaTebs danarCeni oTxi aspeqtis msgavsi momxibvleloba. Sesa-
val sityvaSi Tqven ganaviTarebT saqmis Temas, romelsac Semdgom
sasamarTlo procesis mimdinareobisas ganagrZobT da daamuSavebT.
TemaSi Tqven unda CaaqsovoT Sesabamisi faqtebi, romlebic Tqvens
mxares sasurvel verdiqts moutans. Sesavali sityva warmoad-
gens did suraTs, romelic saSualebas aZlevs mosamarTles da
nafic msajulebs TqvenTvis swori perspeqtividan dainaxon mt-
kicebulebebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, mowmis Cveneba. am etapze
erTi mniSvnelovani ram unda vicodeT. Sesavali sityva ar unda
Seicavdes raime yalb an SecdomaSi Semyvan gancxadebebs imis
Sesaxeb, Tu ras gviCvenebs faqtebi. aseTi praqtika ara mxolod
araeTikuria, aramed, rodesac simarTle gamoaSkaravdeba, Tqven
mosamarTlis/ nafici msajulebis TvalSi damajereblobas dakar-
gavT. prokuroris/advokatis yvelaze mniSvnelovani atributi
misi damajereblobaa da Tu is ikargeba, misi dabruneba SeiZleba
SeuZlebeli aRmoCndes. rodesac Tqven cdilobT vinme raimeSi

16
daarwmunoT, es pirovneba gadawyvetilebis miRebisas ZiriTad
faqtorad Tqvens damajereblobas Seafasebs.
Sesavali sityva sami aspeqtisgan Sedgeba: (1) Tema, (2) ambavi/

Teoria da (3) verdiqtis moTxovna.
Tema
Tema es aris erTi an ori winadadebisgan Semdgari gancxadeba,

romelic ajamebs imas, Tu ras exeba saqme. Tema mosamarTles an
nafic msajulebs uqmnis `fsiqologiur sayrdens~. mas prokuro-
ri/advokati mTeli sasamarTlo procesis ganmavlobaSi ubrunde-
ba. is pirvelad naxsenebi iqneba Sesaval sityvaSi, Semdeg masze
isaubreben mowmeebi da sabolood moeqceva daskvniTi sityvis
yuradRebis centrSi da Sekravs mTlian sasamarTlo process.
kargi Tema sayovelTao WeSmaritebebs eyrdnoba. aseTi Temebis
wyaroebia: wminda wignebi, werilebi, literatura, popularuli
gamonaTqvamebi da kulturuli gamocdileba. qvemoT mocemulia
Temebis magaliTebi:
_ ès aris saqme SurisZiebis Sesaxeb.~
_ `merabi simdidresa da bednierebaze ocnebobda, rogorc

mravali Cvengani. da es aris ambavi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor aqcia
braldebulma es ocneba koSmarad.~
_`fulis siyvaruli yvelanairi siborotis safuZvelia da

braldebuli mocemul saqmeSi am siborotis gansaxierebaa.~
_ ès aris saqme SecdomiT amocnobisa da sxva adamianisTvis

braldebis wayenebis Sesaxeb.~
_ àm saqmeSi namdvili dazaralebuli TviTon braldebulia.~
pirveli STabeWdileba didxans Zlebs. Sesavali sityvis da-
17
sawyisSi miwodebuli kargi Tema mosamarTlis/nafic msajulTa
gonebaSi xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi rCeba. prokurori/ad-
vokati Temas kvlavac gaimeorebs daskvniT sityvaSi, raTa is
mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebis gonebaSi SenarCundes, rodesac
isini gadawyvetilebis misaRebad imsjeleben.
Temisa da Semdgom ambis gadmocemisas, prokurorma/advokatma

unda gamoavlinos sakuTari enTuziazmi saqmis mimarT. Sesavali
sityva warmoTqmuli unda iyos damajereblad da energiulad,
rac yvelas auwyebs, rom prokuroris/advokatis pozicia ara
mxolod marTalia, aramed mas sakuTari poziciis sjera kidec.
saukeTeso faqtebi da Temac ki ver daarwmunebs mosamarTles/
nafic msajulebs, Tu prokurori/advokati Tavis saqmeSi rwmenis
demonstrirebas ver SeZlebs. karg prokurorebs/advokatebs erTi
kargi devizi aqvT: `Cven veliT am saqmeSi gamarjvebas, radgan
Cven marTalni varT.~ miuxedavad amisa, gaxsovdeT, rom Sesavali
sityva ar aris argumentaciis stadia, romlis droc procesis
bolos dgeba. garda amasa, marTalia, Tqveni devizi unda iyos is,
rom Tqveni pozicia marTalia, magram realurad Tqven arasodes
unda TqvaT `vfiqrob, braldebuli damnaSavea~ an `piradad me mi-
maCnia, rom braldebuli udanaSauloa~. Tqvens mosazrebebs mniS-
vneloba ar aqvs; mniSvnelovania mtkicebulebebi. Tqven SegiZliaT
TqvaT: `sasamarTlo procesis dasasruls mtkicebulebebiT dada-
sturdeba, rom braldebuls ar Caudenia is danaSauli, romlis
CadenaSic brals sdeben~ an `sasamarTlo procesis dasasruls
mtkicebulebebiT dadasturdeba, rom yovelgvar gonivrul eWvs
miRma braldebulma petre nemsaZe mokla~.
ambavi/Teoria
ambavi _ es ubralod saqmis Teoriaa, anu sxvagvarad rom

vTqvaT, Tqveni mxaris versia imasTan dakavSirebiT, `Tu ra moxda
sinamdvileSi~. is unda iyos martivi, logikuri da Sesabamiso-
18
baSi unda modiodes saqmeSi arsebul faqtebTan da samarTlebriv
moTxovnebTan. sasamarTlo procesi ramdenime mcire ambisgan
Sedgeba. arc erTi mowme mTlian ambavs ar mohyveba, igi mxolod
ambis im nawilze isaubrebs, romelic misTvis aris cnobili.
Sesaval sityvaSi advokati warmoTqvams mTlian ambavs, romelic
im mcire ambebs efuZneba, romlebzec mowmeebi isaubreben. Ses-
avali sityva mosamarTles aZlevs saSualebas aRiqvas mTliani
suraTi da TiToeuli mowmis mcire ambavi konteqstualurad
gaiazros. is, rom Sesavali sityvis am nawils ambis moyola
ewodeba, ar niSnavs, rom is faqtobrivad mcdaria. es ubralod
niSnavs, rom prokurori/advokati saubrobs imaze, Tu ra moxda
da imaze _ rasac procesis ganmavlobaSi mowmeebi gadmosce-
men. is didad ar gansxvavdeba nebismieri sxva ambisgan, rodesac
pirovneba msmenelisTvis sainteresod hyveba, Tu ra gaigona an
dainaxa. prokurori/advokati, romelic Sesaval sityvas war-
moTqvams, arsebiTad igives akeTebs. faqtobrivad, Sesavali si-
tyvis warmoTqmisas prokurori/advokati gadmoscems ambavs ise,
TiTqos rusTavelis gamzirze operasTan axlos dgas da sakuTar
megobrebs uyveba imis Sesaxeb, rac mas WeSmaritad aintere-
sebs, raSic mas surs sakuTari megobrebi daarwmunos da maTi
mxardaWera moipovos. karg ambavs Sesaval sityvaSi ramdenime
aspeqti aqvs. pirvel rigSi, ambavSi aqcenti adamianebze da ara
problemebze unda iyos gakeTebuli. mosamarTlesa da nafic msa-
julebs erTi ram aqvT saerTo: isini adamianebi arian da sxva
raRacebs sxva adamianebis meSveobiT xedaven. aq igulisxmeba, rom
warmatebuli prokurori/advokati saqmes warmoadgens, rogorc
sakuTari TvaliT danaxuls. prokurorma/advokatma unda moax-
dinos sakuTari klientis an dazaralebulis personificireba
da igi realur pirovnebad unda gaxados. igive exeba mowmeeb-
sac. Sesaval sityvaSi am adamianebs xorci unda SeesxaT, raTa,
rodesac isini Cvenebis micemas daiwyeben, ukve damajerebelni
iyvnen. TiToeuli monawilis personificireba saSualebas aZlevs
mosamarTlesa da nafic msajulebs, rom sakuTari perspeqtividan
ukeT aRiqvan situacia, rogorc Cveulebrivma adamianebma. qvemoT
mocemulia ori magaliTi:
19
ès aris ambavi elenes Sesaxeb, romelic yovelTvis Tbilis-
Si cxovrobda. igi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis studen-
ti iyo da samedicino fakultetze bejiTad swavlobda. magram
yvelaferi 1 ivliss Seicvala, rodesac mas is manqana daejaxa,
romelsac braldebuli marTavda. igi saxlSi midioda WavWava-
Zis gamzirze, saRamos megobrebTan erTad mecadineobis Semdeg,
rodesac braldebulis manqanam gzidan gadauxvia da mas daejaxa.
maSin, rodesac elene swavlis dasrulebis Semdgom svaneTSi
muSaobaze fiqrobda, braldebuli alkoholis bolo Wiqas mi-
irTmevda xangrZlivi drostarebis Semdeg. es elenes ukanaskneli
nabijebi iyo, rameTu igi adgilze gardaicvala.~
ìraklisa da daTos Soris problemebs hqonda adgili. 2010

wlis 14 ivlisis saRamos, rodesac irakli marketSi midioda
Tavisi meuRlisTvis dabadebis dRis saCuqris SesaZenad, daTo
mas saxlis win daxvda, quCaSi. daTo iraklis ojaxs emuqre-
boda da iraklis ufro da ufro uaxlovdeboda. igi igineboda
da iraklisa da misi ojaxis mimarT muqaras ganagrZobda. irak-
lim daTo Tavidan moiSora. amis Semdeg, daTom iraklis muSti
mouqnia, xolo iraklim ubralod Tavi daicva. miuxedavad amisa,
axla irakli aq aris, sasamarTloSi warmodgenili braldebulis
saxiT, imis gamo, rom TiTqos daTos mimarT Zaladoba ganaxor-
ciela.~
frTxilad iyaviT da gaxsovdeT auditoria. Tu saqmes mx-

olod mosamarTle ixilavs, maSin dramatuloba ufro naklebad
saWiroa, vidre es nafic msajulTa winaSe iqneboda. mraval Sem-
TxvevaSi mosamarTleebs ar uyvarT gadaWarbebuli dramatuloba
da aman SesaZloa Tqveni pozicia daazaralos. amitom es advo-
katis mxridan dagegmvasa da SemoqmedebiT momzadebas moiTxovs.
mosamarTlis mier saqmis ganxilvis SemTxvevaSi advokati aseve
unda Seecados gaigos, Tu ra saxis prezentaciebi moswons an ar
moswons mosamarTles da sakuTari gamosvlac Sesabamisad moamza-
dos. nafic msajulTa SemTxvevaSi yuradRebiT unda mousminoT
potenciuri msajulebis pasuxebs da SesaZloa Tqveni Sesavali
20
sityvis Secvlac mogiwioT imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra Tqves
msajulebad SerCeulma adamianebma maTi SerCevis dros.
warmatebuli Sesavali sityvis mesame elementi imaSi mdgo-

mareobs, rom is martivad da logikurad unda iyos organize-
buli. savaraudod, prezentaciis organizebis saukeTeso gza misi
qronologiurad gadmocemaa, radgan adamianTa umravlesoba ambis
mosmenas swored ase icnobs da amjobinebs. aseTi saxiT warmod-
genili Sesavali sityva ufro martivia gadmosacemad (proku-
rorisTvisac/advokatisTvisac) da gasagebad (msmenelisTvisac).
Sesavali sityvis Semdegi elementi mdgomareobs mosamar-

Tlis/nafic msajulTa gafrTxilebaSi, Tu ras unda elodon
isini Semdgom. mosamarTlisTvis/nafic msajulTaTvis miniSneba
imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli Cveneba iqneba mniSvnelovani, aZlierebs
msmenelTa molodins da amaxvilebs maT yuradRebas sasamarTlo
procesis am stadiaze. qvemoT mocemulia amis magaliTi:
`braldebis mxare qeTevans gamoiZaxebs. yuradRebiT usmineT

mis Cvenebas, rom TiTqos man bankis mZarcvelSi giga amoicno.
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcieT imas, Tu dRis ra monakveTi
iyo da sad idga qeTevani.~
zemoaRniSnulis Sedegad mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs

gauCndaT molodini, rom mowmis mier bankis mZarcvelSi Tqveni
klientis amocnoba garkveul problemebTan iqneba dakavSirebu-
li. yuradReba miaqcieT imasac, rom advokatma Tavisi klienti
ara braldebulad, aramed misi saxeliT moixsenia. braldebis
mxare yovelTvis Seecdeba moaxdinos braldebulis deperson-
izacia misi braldebulad moxseniebiT, maSin, rodesac dacvis
mxare yovelTvis Seecdeba Tavisi klientis humanizebas, rogorc
wesi, misi saxelis moxseniebiT. isev da isev, gaxsovdeT Tqveni
damajerebloba, ar gaazviadoT is, Tu ras ityvian Tqveni mowmee-
bi da rogor moaxdenT mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeTa Cvenebebis
impiCments.
21
efeqturoba
efeqturi Sesavali sityva ar aris Zalian grZeli, magram

yvela arsebiT elements Seicavs. rekomendebulia Sesavali si-
tyva 15-30 wuTs ar aRematebodes. amaze grZel Sesaval sity-
vas mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi ar mousmenen da Sesabamisad,
Sesavali sityva araefeqturi iqneba. gaxsovdeT, rom efeqturi
Sesavali sityva ise unda iqnes gadmocemuli, TiTqos advokati
am ambavs Tavis megobrebs WavWavaZis gamzirze uyveba. cnobilia,
rom, Tu ambis moyola 30 wuTze metxans grZeldeba, nebismieri
msmeneli interess kargavs. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom saqmis
specifikidan gamomdinare, SesaZloa warmodgenili iyos gansx-
vavebuli xangrZlivobis Sesavali sityva. magaliTad, zogierTi
saqme Zalze kompleqsuria da moiTxovs grZel Sesaval sityvas.

Sesavali sityvis dros
1. ar ikamaToT saqmis Sesaxeb, es daskvniTi sityvisTvis SemoinaxeT
Sesavali sityva Seicavs gancxadebebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras

exeba saqme, da es gancxadebebi ar unda iyos argumentebi. daskvniT
sityvebSi cxaddeba faqtebi, keTdeba daskvnebi, fasdeba mowmeTa
damajerebloba da saRi azri da sxva sakiTxebi sasamarTlo pro-
cesis ganmavlobaSi gamovlenili mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze.
Sesavali sityva unda Semoifarglos mtkicebulebebiT, romle-
bic, dacvis mxaris azriT, mowmeTa CvenebebSi iqneba miTiTebuli
da saqmeSi warmodgenili nivTieri mtkicebulebebiT. SesaZloa es
wesi martivad mogeCvenoT, magram mas xSirad yvelaze gamocdi-
li prokurorebic/advokatebic ki arRveven. saukeTeso saSuale-
baa Sesavali sityvis winaswar dagegmva, dawera da Semdeg misi
gadaxedva imis dasadgenad, konkretuli gancxadeba argumentia
Tu ubralod faqti. qvemoT mocemulia misaRebi da miuRebeli
Sesavali gancxadebebis magaliTebi:
22
misaRebi miuRebeli
manqana 45-kilometrian Sez- igi giJiviT atarebda da mTel

Rudvis zonaSi daaxloebiT saval gzas ikavebda.
80 kilometriT saaTSi siC-
qariT moZraobda.
oficeri ganacxadebs,rom saRi azri gikarnaxebT, rom

braldebuli, romelic 60 oficris mtkicebas, TiTqos
kilograms iwonis, Tavs dae- braldebuli dazaralebuls
sxa da daaziana dazaralebu- Tavs daesxa, adgili ar hqo-
li, romelic 100 kilograms nia.
iwonis.
amas dro sWirdeba, magram gamocdili prokurori/advokati

advilad mixvdeba, Tu romeli argumenti unda gaaprotestos
Sesaval sityvaSi da ra aris misaRebi. kvlavac aRsaniSnavia,
rom Sesaval sityvaSi prokuroris/advokatis piradi Sexedule-
bebis Sesaxeb saubari yovelTvis miuRebelia. Sesaval sityvaSi
miuRebelia iseTi frazebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa: `me mjera~,
`vfiqrob~, `me vici~ an `Cven gvjera~. amasTan, es ara mxolod
Sesaval sityvas, aramed procesis nebismier stadiasac exeba.
analogiurad, daskvniTi sityvac ar unda Seicavdes gancxadebebs
prokuroris/advokatis Sexedulebebis Sesaxeb. advokatma unda
ikamaTos imis Sesaxeb, Tu raze uTiTebs mtkicebulebebi, da ara
Tavis pirad mosazrebebze, radgan mosamarTleebi da nafici msa-
julebi gadawyvetilebebs mtkicebulebebze dayrdnobiT iReben.
2. nu gaazviadebT mtkicebulebebis mniSvnelobas
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, prokuroris/advokatis damajereblo-

ba misi yvelaze Zvirfasi iaraRia. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Tavis
Sesaval sityvaSi prokurori/advokati mosamarTles/nafic msa-
julebs amcnobs, rom moyvanili iqneba garkveuli mtkicebule-
bebi da amas procesis ganmavlobaSi adgili ar eqneba, igi maT
23
TvalSi damajereblobas kargavs. aseve, prokurorma/advokatma
unda icodes, rom mowinaaRmdege mxare daskvniT sityvaSi Seax-
senebs mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs, Tu ra iyo dapirebuli da
sinamdvileSi ki, ras hqonda adgili, rac prokuroris/advokatis
damajereblobas kidev ufro avnebs.
3. ifiqreT Sesavali sityvis dros nivTieri

mtkicebulebebis gamoyenebaze
winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos erT-erTi Tavi eTmoba nivTieri

mtkicebulebebis wardgenas sasamarTlo procesis dros. magram
nivTmtkicebis mtkicebulebad daSvebamdec ki is SeiZleba Ses-
avali sityvis warmoTqmis dros iyos gamoyenebuli. SesaZloa
es iyos diagrama, foto, an Tundac ruka, romelic Sesavali
sityvis konteqstSi jdeba. zogierT SemTxvevaSi cxrilis an
diagramis gamoyenebas arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs prokuroris/ad-
vokatis poziciis axsnisaTvis. am mizniT nivTmtkicebis gamoyene-
ba Sesaval sityvas aZlierebs da kidev ufro dasamaxsovrebels
xdis mosamarTlisaTvis/nafici msajulebisTvis, ris Sedegadac
isini ukeTesad aRiqvamen procesze micemul Cvenebebs. darwmun-
diT, rom Tqveni nivTieri mtkicebuleba zustia. mcdari niv-
Tieri mtkicebuleba gaprotestebis sagani gaxdeba an Tqvens
pozicias daazianebs, Tu mtkicebulebebi Tqvens nivTmtkicebas
mxars ver aubams. Sesavali sityvis dros gamoyenebuli nivTmt-
kiceba mtkicebulebad ar daiSveba da mas msajulebi damnaSaveo-
bis an udanaSaulobis gansazRvrisas ver gaiTvaliswineben. Tu
gsurT, rom mosamarTlem/naficma msajulebma Tqven mier Sesavali
sityvis dros gamoyenebuli nivTmtkiceba ganixilon, Tqven is
sasamarTlo procesze mowmis meSveobiT unda waradginoT. Tu
apirebT nivTmtkicebis gamoyenebas Sesavali sityvis dros, See-
cadeT, mowinaaRmdege mxaresTan SeTanxmdeT, rom mtkicebulebebi,
romelTa gamoyenebasac Tqven apirebT, dasaSvebia. aseTi SeTanx-
mebis miuRwevlobis SemTxvevaSi iSuamdgomleT mosamarTlesTan,
raTa man gamosces Sesabamisi ganCineba mtkicebulebis dasaS-
vebobis Taobaze. gaxsovdeT, rom mtkicebulebis dasaSvebobisa
24
Tu dauSveblobis mtkicebis tvirTi braldebis mxares ekisreba.
kerZod, gaxsovdeT sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 72-e
muxlis me-3 nawili: `braldebis mxaris mtkicebulebis dasaSve-
bobisa da dacvis mxaris mtkicebulebis dauSveblobis mtkicebis
tvirTi ekisreba bralmdebels.~
4. mzad iyaviT saqmeSi arsebuli sisusteebisaTvis
prokurori/advokati nebayoflobiT aRiarebs Tu ara saqme-

Si arsebul sisusteebs, es, saboloo jamSi, misi strategi-
uli gadawyvetilebaa, magram am variantis ganxilva, sul mcire,
aucilebelia. aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebisas prokurorma/ad-
vokatma unda gaTvalos, misi aRiarebis miuxedavad mainc gamom-
JRavndeba Tu ara misTvis arasasurveli mtkicebulebebi.
Tu arasasurveli mtkicebuleba nebismier SemTxvevaSi gamom-
JRavndeba, maSin prokurorma/advokatma es Tavis Sesaval si-
tyvaSi unda aRniSnos. ukeTesia, Tu cnobebs arasasurveli mt-
kicebulebis Sesaxeb Tqvengan gaigeben, vidre amas mowinaaRmdege
mxare gaakeTebs. sisustis aRiareba gexmarebaT, raTa is TqvenTvis
sasurveli saxiT da konteqstSi warmoaCinoT da misi gavlena
minimumamde SeamciroT. magaliTad:
`diax, merabi 2009 wlis gamoSvebis BMBMW-s marTavda,

romlis sabargulSic 50 kilogrami heroini ido, magram verc
erTi mtkicebulebiT ver dadasturdeba, rom misTvis amis Ses-
axeb cnobili iyo.~
sisustis imgvarad aRiareba, rom minimumamde Semcirdes misi

ziani da amavdroulad aRiarebul iqnes misi arseboba, prokuro-
ris/advokatis poziciis damajereblobas uwyobs xels. sisustis
gamotoveba da misi arsebobis ignorireba ubiZgebs mosamarTles/
nafic msajulebs ifiqron, rom prokurori/ advokati garkveul
sakiTxebs malavs, an rom igi Tavis saqmes marTebul konteqstSi
ver xedavs. Sedegad ki mosamarTlem/naficma msajulebma SeiZleba
ifiqron, rom prokurori/advokati ar aris sando.
25
meore mxriv, SesaZloa meore mxare ver aTviTcnobierebs, rom
sisuste arsebobs. sisustis aRiarebiT Tqven SesaZloa miuTiToT
oponents, Tu ra mimarTulebiT warimarTeba sasamarTlo procesi.
Tu prokurori/advokati saqmeSi sisustis aRiarebas gadawyvets,
es misi Sesavali sityvis SuaSi unda gakeTdes. sisustiT dawyeba
an dasruleba mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs kargad amaxsovrde-
baT, maSin roca sisusteze saubari, Sesavali sityvis SuaSi mis
gulwrfelobasac usvams xazs da sisustiT miyenebul ziansac
amcirebs. adamianebi Sesavali sityvis dasawyisSi an bolos gad-
mocemul saqmis pozitiur aspeqtebs ufro imaxsovreben, vidre
sityvis SuaSi naxseneb uaryofiT sisusteebs.
5. Sesavali sityvis Sinaarsi
qvemoT mocemuli struqturuli modeli prokurors/advo-

kats Sesavali sityvis wardgenaSi daexmareba:
1. Sesavali (Tema);
2. waradgineT saqmeSi arsebuli mxareebi;
3. warmoadgineT saqmeSi gaTamaSebuli scenari:
a. sad moxda?
b. rodis (TariRi)?
g. ra dros (dRis monakveTi)?
d. rogori amindi iyo? (Tu es mniSvnelovania)
1. mohyeviT ambavi;
2. ra sakiTxi unda gadawyvitos mosamarTlem/naficma msa-
julebma;
3. romelia braldebulis damnaSaved an udanaSaulod
cnobis safuZvlebi.
am sqemis gamoyeneba prokurors/advokats daexmareba Ca-

moayalibos Sesavali sityva, romelic efeqturad gadmoscems
faqtebs da mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs gaacnobs mtkicebule-
bebs, romlebic misi rwmeniT unda iyos daSvebuli.
26
6. unda warmoTqvaT Tu ara Sesavali sityva
es ar aris SekiTxva braldebis mxarisaTvis; braldebam Ses-

avali sityva aucileblad unda warmoTqvas. Tumca, dacvis mxare
ar aris valdebuli igive gaakeTos. zogadad, dacvis mxaris mier
Sesavali sityvis gamotoveba kargi azri ar aris. mosamarTles/
nafic msajulebs ar ecodinebaT Tqveni saqmis Teoria da Sesa-
Zloa ver Caswvdnen im sakiTxebs, romlebzec Tqven braldebis
mowmeebis jvaredini dakiTxvis dros gaamaxvilebT yuradRebas.
isini aseve, SesaZloa ver Caswvdnen im sakiTxebsac, romlebze aq-
centsac Tqveni mowmeebis meSveobiT gaakeTebT. erTaderTi mizezi,
Tu ratom SeiZleba advokatma Sesavali sityva gamotovos, aris
is, rom man ar icis rogori iqneba misi dacvis strategia da
imedovnebs, rom strategiis ganviTarebas procesis mimdinareobi-
sas SeZlebs. Tu igi Sesaval sityvaSi ityvis, Tu rogori iqneba
dacvis Teoria, am Teoriis Secvla daskvniT sityvaSi kidev
ufro gaZneldeba.
daskvniTi SeniSvnebi
Sesavali sityva prokuroris/advokatis mier nafic msa-

julebze moxdenili STabeWdilebaa. pirveli STabeWdilebebi
xangrZlivi xasiaTisaa. sasamarTlo procesamde saqmis jerovani
momzadeba daexmareba prokurors/advokats warmoTqvas Sesavali
sityva, romelic mosamarTleze/nafic msajulebze udides STabe-
Wdilebas moaxdens. am devizs winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi
mudmivad gavimeorebT: `momzadeba warmatebis sawindaria.~
27
Sesavali sityva (mkvlelobis saqmeebze)3
qvemoT moyvanili sakiTxebi efuZneba amerikis SeerTebuli

Statebis marTlmsajulebaSi arsebul praqtikas da qarTvel
mkiTxvels SesaZloa ucxod moeCvenos is unarebi da regulacie-
bi, rac ganxilulia xsenebul masalaSi, Tumca, saxelmZRvanelos
SemdgenelTa azriT, maTi warmatebiT gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi
dRes ukve SesaZlebelia. ufro metic, momavalSi saqarTvelo-
Si damkvidrebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis Sedegad, es sakiTxebi
ufro metad aqtualuri gaxdeba braldebisa da dacvis mxarisT-
vis.
braldebis mxare
mkvlelobis saqmeebis sasamarTlo ganxilva TiTqmis ar gan-

sxvavdeba sxva sasamarTlo ganxilvebsagan. prokuroris Sesavali
sityva iseTive STambeWdavi unda iyos, rogorc filmis anonsi
(Treileri). Cveulebriv saukeTeso anonsi potenciur audito-
rias filmis yvelaze mniSvnelovan momentebs uCvenebs, yuradRe-
bas ipyrobs da, saboloo jamSi, mTliani filmis naxvis survils
aRuZravs.
braldebis mxaris Sesavali sityva ar unda iwyebodes

imgvarad, rom nafic msajulebs momxseneblis ignorirebisaken
ubiZgos (`qalbatonebo da batonebo, rasac axla mogaxsenebT,
mtkicebuleba ar aris, es gaxlavT saqmis martivi monaxazi.
3 `rogor gamoviZioT mkvlelobis saqme~, maikl d. uimsi, jek b. rabini

da Carlz ambrosi, pirvelad gamoica amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mier. saa-
vtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2011). Targmani,
gamocema da gavrceleba ganxorcielda àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis
uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. Targmnis saa-
vtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2012). yvela
saavtoro ufleba daculia. dauSvebelia winamdebare gamocemis teqstis nawi-
lobrivi an mTliani Secvla amerikis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro ufle-
bebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe; misamarTi:
321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; el. fosta: copyright@abanet.
org.
28
pirvel rigSi oficer smits moviwvev, romelic mogiTxrobT~...).
Tuki mosamarTle nafic msajulebs miuTiTebs, rom Sesavali
sityva mtkicebulba ar aris, maSin saWiro aRar aris imaves
Sexseneba. prokuroris amocanaa miipyros nafici msajulebis yu-
radReba, daaviwyos axlaxan mosmenili miTiTebebi da filmisaT-
vis SeZlebisdagvarad saintereso anonsi moamzados _ iseTi,
romelic msmenels aiZulebs kinos bileTis SeZenas da ubiZgebs
gaakeTos winaswari daskvnebi filmis Sesaxeb, romlis naxvis
survilic ukve gauCnda.
ganvixiloT realuri cxovrebiseuli magaliTi uaxlesi is-

toriidan da erTmaneTs SevadaroT o. j. simfsonis ori sasamarT-
lo procesis Sesavali sityvebi _ pirvel SemTxvevaSi braldebis
mxarem waago procesi, xolo meore SemTxveva samoqalaqo saqmis
(aSS-Si nafici msajulebi ganixilaven rogorc sisxlis, aseve
samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeebs) mogebiT dasrulda. mkvlelobis
saqmis procesze braldebam Sesavali sityva ase daiwyo:
`mogesalmebiT Tqveno Rirsebav, mosamarTle, b-n. koCran, b-n.

Sapiro da din uelmen, Zvirfaso kolegebo, saqmis monawile mxa-
reebo, braunebis ojaxis wevrebo, goldmenebis ojaxis wevrebo,
simfsonebis ojaxis wevrebo, nafico msajulebo. albaT samar-
Tliani iqneba, Tuki vityvi, rom dRes mTel qalaqSi yvelaze
rTuli samuSao Tqvens Semdeg swored me maqvs. Tqveni davaleba
cota ufro rTulia, magram Cven yvelas erTi mizani gvaqvs da
es mizani marTlmsajulebis aRsrulebaa. sasamarTlo procesi
xangrZlivi iqneba da minda giTxraT, rom Zalian vafasebT Tqvens
monawileobas procesSi, miT umetes, rom kargad gvesmis ramde-
~ 4
nad rTuli SeiZleba iyos es TqvenTvis.
warmodgenili Sesavali sityvis nawilSi ramdenime mniS-

vnelovani Secdomaa daSvebuli. is zedmetad grZeli da apologe-
4 People of the State of California v. O.J. Simpson, (kaliforniis Statis

mosaxleoba o. j. simfsonis winaaRmdeg) 1995 wlis 24 ianvris sasamarTlo
sxdomis oqmi ixileT Semdeg veb. gverdze: http:// walraven.org/simpson/jan
29
tikuria da faqtobrivad nafic msajulebs miuTiTebs, rom saqmis
mogeba gauWirdeba (`qalaqSi yvelaze rTuli samuSao me maqvs~).
Sesavali sityva mxolod erTi nawili iyo, braldebis gundis
mier daSvebuli uxeSi Secdomebis seriidan (dawyebuli iqidan,
rom politikuri mosazrebebiT sasamarTlos adgili Secvales).
am yvelafris saboloo Sedegi ki sasamarTlos mier gamotani-
li gamamarTlebeli verdiqti iyo. axla ki es Sesavali sityva
SevadaroT o. j. simfsonis winaaRmdeg warmatebuli samoqalaqo
saqmeSi mosarCele advokatis mier warmoTqmul Sesaval sityvas.
`1994 wlis 12 ivnisis saRamos, nikol braunma Tavisi 10

wlis gogona sidni da 6 wlis biWi jastini daaZina Tu ara,
abazana wyliT aavso, sanTlebi aanTo da abazanis misaRebad da
gantvirTvisaTvis moemzada.
9:40-ze telefonma dareka da nikolma upasuxa. deda urekavda

imis saTqmelad, rom axlomdebare retoranSi, brentvudSi saT-
vale darCa. 1 saaTiT adre swored am restoraSi aRniSna mTelma
ojaxma sidnis cekvis koncerti. dedas ainteresebda SeeZloo Tu
ara nikols meore dRes restornidan misi saTvalis wamoReba.
nikolma upasuxa, rom SeeZlo da yurmili dakida. Semdeg nikol-
ma restoranSi dareka da Tavazian axalgazrda mimtanTan saubari
iTxova. nikolma axalgazrda mimtans sTxova dedamisis saTvale
gamoeyolebina. mimtanma upasuxa, rom saTvales samsaxuris Semdeg
miutanda, gzad marina del reisaken, sadac Tavis megobars unda
Sexvedroda axalgazrda mamakacs ron goldmeni erqva da is 25
wlis iyo. saRamos 9:50-ze roni saTvaliT xelSi restornidan
5
iqve mdebare saxlSi gadavida tansacmlis gamosacvlelad~.
Sesavali sityvis anonsi kinos formatiT daiwyo, dazarale-

bulTa personalizaciiT, wina saRamos maTi, nikol simfsonisa
da ron goldmenis cxovrebaSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis aR-
5 nawyvetebi daniel petroCelis Sesavali sityvidan, romelic Seta-

nilia wignSi Joel J. Seidermann, In the Interest of Justice, Great Opening and Closing
Arguments of the Past 100 Years, 6-7 (2004)
30
weriT da TandaTanobiT gadavida mkvlelTan maTi sabediswero
Sexvedris Txrobaze. mosarCelis advokatma am SemTxvevaSi brwy-
invaled isargebla arsebuli garkveuli mdgomareobiT imasTan
dakavSirebiT, rac naficma msajulebma ukve icodnen, da ris
Tqmasac moelodnen advokatisagan. am droisaTvis simfsonebis
saqme Tveebis ganmavlobaSi gazeTebis pirvel gverdze ixileboda
da yvela am ambavze saubrobda; igive iqneboda advokats `titani-
kis~ ambavi rom moeyola, magram mis sityvaSi ar iyo mobodiSeba,
anda wuxili imis Sesaxeb, rom msajulebis darwmuneba rTuli
iqneboda, arc zedmet saubars, an advokatisaTvis damaxasiaTebel
Txrobas moicavda. advokatma filmis Sesavali damajerebeli xe-
rxiT warmoadgina.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, garkveulwilad mkvlelobis saqmee-

bis ganxilva sxva saqmeebis ganxilvisagan gansxvavebulad xor-
cieldeba. braldebulma msxverpls an msxverplebs yvelanairi
ufleba waarTva. am dros prokurori didi cdunebis winaSe dgas,
daayenos nafici msajulebi dazaralebulis adgilas. problema
imaSi mdgomareobs, rom sasamarTloebi amgvar midgomas aramarTe-
bulad miiCneven yvelaze metad Tavad mkvlelis6 poziciidan
gamomdinare. amgvarad, prokurori mudmivi dilemis winaSe dgeba:
rogor warmoTqvas Zalian STambeWdavi sityva misaRebi formiT?
pasuxi am SemTxvevaSi igivea _ gaakeTos filmis anonsi. miuxe-
davad imisa, rom dazaralebulma da misma mkvlelma erTmaneTTan
SexvedriT faqtobrivad Tavad Seqmnes filmis scenari, mkvl-
elobis filmis reJisori mainc prokuroria. scenarSi bolo
Sesworebebic swored prokurors Seaqvs, da ara mosamarTles
an advokats. prokurori iRebs gadawyvetilebas imis Sesaxeb Tu
rogor, ra TanmimdevrobiT, vin dawers da mohyveba mimzidvelad
filmis anonss _ Sesaval sityvas.
6 ix. vilsoni simonis winaaRmdeg (Wilson v. Simmons, 536 F.3d

1064,1119(10th Cir. 2008). amgvari qmedeba Cveulebriv nafic msajulebSi Tana-
grZnobis gamowvevis araswor midgomad iTvleba. mkvlelobis saqmis warmodge-
nili magaliTi, romelic federalurma sasamarTlom 28 U.S.C. § 2254 ganixila,
SesaniSnavi magaliTia rogorc prokurorebisaTvis, aseve dacvis mxarisaTvis
31
axla ki am Tavis meore abzacSi moyvanili citata qvemoT
mocemul magaliTs SevadaroT:
`mtkicebulebebi gviCvenebs (es fraza qvemoT moyvanil yvela

mtkicebulebas, Tuki aseTi iqneba, dasaSvebs gaxdis), rom si-
cocxlis bolo dRes, brenda evansma Cveulebisamebr dilis 6
saaTze gaiRviZa. sicocxlis bolo dilas, Cveulebisamebr manqa-
niT gaemgzavra riverfrant parkSi sarbenad. sicocxlis ukanask-
nel dilas brendam manqana gaaCera da Caketa, rogorc Cveulebriv
akeTebda xolme. Semdeg Cveulebisamebr mobrunda, rom sirbili
daewyo _ magram brendas sicocxlis es ukanaskneli dila Cveu-
lebrivi ar iyo. im diliT brendas parkSi viRac elodeboda,
imitom, rom es adamiani brendas uTvalTvalebda, dasdevda da
iwerda yvelafers, rasac brenda Cveulebriv dRis ganmavlobaSi
akeTebda.
manqanasTan mdgar brendas uknidan viRacam Tavze mohkida

xeli. xelSi qloroformSi dasvelebuli naWeri eWira. brenda
ucnobis xelis mocilebas cdilobda, am dros qloroformi
CaisunTqa da goneba dakarga. is 2003 wlis `ford tauras~-is
markis avtomanqanaSi Catenes da parkidan samxreTiT, 17 milis
moSorebiT mdebare Tavlisaken waiyvanes. garkveuli periodis
Semdeg brenda gonze movida, magram aRmoaCina, rom TavlaSi sa-
jinibos moajirze iyo mibmuli.
mamakaci, romelmac brenda parkidan moitaca, mis gonze mos-

vlas elodeboda, radgan undoda gonze yofiliyo im dros, ris
gakeTebasac mere apirebda mamakacs undoda brendas scodnoda,
rom is gaaupatiures. mas Semdeg, rac kargad momzadebuli gegmis
ès punqti~ daasrula, kedlidan fiwali CamoiRo da brendas
yelze miabjina. Semdeg man ramdenjerme gauyara fiwali yelSi,
sanam ar moswyinda. sicocxlis ukanasknel dilas brenda evansma
bolos braldebuli _ jeremi lii tomasi dainaxa, romelmac
fiwali CaurWo yelSi.
32
zemoT moyvanili magaliTi faqtiobrivad zustad imas akeTebs,
rac Teoriulad akrZalulia. is ubiZgebs nafic msajulebs, rom
sakuTari Tavi warmoidginon msxverplis adgilas da danaSauls
misi poziciidan Sexedon, Tumca Txrobisas gamoyenebuli ar aris
terminebi, romelTac sasamarTlo krZalavs. Sesavali sityva ase
rom dawyebuliyo: `warmoidgineT sakuTari Tavi brendas adgi-
las~ nacvlad, zemoT gamoyenebuli sityvebisa `mtkicebuleba
gviCvenebs~ _ savaraudod, warmodgenili filmis danarCen nawils
_ prokuroris sityvasa da verdiqts _ saapelacio sasamarTlo
prokurors ukan daubrunebda studiaSi gadasakeTeblad aras-
wori qcevis motiviT.
enobrivi da meToduri akrZalvebi sxvadasxva iurisdiqciaSi

sxvadasxvagvaria da prokurori valdebulia kargad icnobdes
precedentul samarTals. ra iqna CaTvlili Secdomad. ra CaiT-
vala ìZulebad, magram samarTlianad~ da marTebulad? rogorc
zemoT warmodgenili magaliTi gviCvenebs, Sesavali sityvis kar-
gad dagegmva TiTqmis yovelTvisaa SesaZlebeli, ise rom dasaS-
vebad warmoadginoT is, rac sxva SemTxvevaSi dauSvebeli iqnebo-
da. Tumca amis gakeTeba SeuZlebelia, Tuki TamaSis wesebi, anda
saTamaSo moednis sazRvrebi ar iciT. amitom Sesabamisi kanonis
codna aucilebelia, gansakuTrebiT, Tuki prokurors unda rom
sazRvars misi gadakveTis gareSe miuaxlovdes.
rogorc am wignSi araerTxelaa aRniSnuli, aucilebeli ar

aris mtkicebuleba qronologiurad warmoadginoT. konkretuli
mosazrebebiT, anda teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT SesaZloa mtkice-
buleba araTanmimdevrulad miawodoT nafic msajulebs. kidev
ufro damajerebeli Sesavali sityva aris retrospeqtiuli
anonsi (sicocxlis ukanasknel dilas, brenda evansma wamliT
gabruebuli ugono mdgomareobidan gamoiRviZa da aRmoaCina, rom
TavlaSi iyo dabmuli, sadac uwin arasodes yofila. iq rogor
moxvda ar icoda, mxolod is axsovda, rom im diliT parkSi
sarbenad manqaniT gaemgzavra....~).
33
sxva SemTxvevebSi, Sesavali sityva SesaZloa amave for-
matSi erTgvar `satyuaras~ moicavdes, ufro konkretulad ki,
miuTiTebdes msajulebs, rom prokuroris saqmeSi gansakuTreb-
uli yuradReba `denTis kvalian pistolets~ miaqcion (`brenda
mkvdaria, maS, saidan unda gavigoT, rom is braldebulma mokla?
gTxovT, Zalian didi yuradReba miaqcioT teqnologiebis eqsper-
tis, doqtor brus mileris Cvenebas~). es gancxadeba ar aiZu-
lebs msajulebs daaskvnan, rom doqtori mileri braldebuls
mkvlelad cnobs, anda braldebulis damnaSaved cnobis garda
sxva alternativa ar eqneba; amis nacvlad ubiZgebs msajulebs
Tavad gaakeTon sakuTari daskvnebi, romlebic SeiZleba ukve
gakeTebulic aqvT. amgvarad, msajuli interesiT daelodeba te-
qnologiebis eqspertis Cvenebas da gonebaSi gauxardeba, rode-
sac doqtori mileris Cveneba faqtobrivad daadasturebs mis
sakuTar daskvnebs.
zogjer yvelaze efeqtur gamosvlebs musikalur kreSendos

adareben, romelic TandaTanobiT zrdis tonalobasa da inten-
sivobas Sesavali sityvidan daskvniT sityvamde. kidev ufro
Sesaferisi analogi SeiZleba iyos sforcando, sadac Tavda-
pirvelad musikalur notze Zlieri aqcentis gakeTeba xdeba,
Semdeg ki misi Semcireba saboloo dasrulebamde. Sesavali sity-
vac swored notis quxilisebur dasawyiss hgavs. Semdeg bgeris
(mtkicebulebis) tonaloba mcirdeba tonis centrisaken, vidre
saboloo notamde ar daiwyebs zrdas (daskvniTi sityva).
Sesavali sityva Zalian frTxilad, mxolod yvela mtkice-

bulebis detaluri Seswavlis Semdeg unda moamzadoT. amasTan,
Sesavali sityva mxolod daskvniTi sityvis momzadebis Semdeg
unda moamzadoT. im saqmeebTan mimarTebaSi, sadac sasjels na-
fici msajulebi ufardeben, Sesavali sityva sasjelis sityvis
momzadebis Semdeg unda moamzadoT. Tuki es kontraintuitiurad
mogeCvenebaT, gaiTvaliswineT Semdegi sakiTxebi:
 maSin, rodesac yvela an umetesi daskvniTi sityvebisa
34
ZiriTadad im mtkicebulebis detalur mimoxilvas unda moicavdes,
romelsac efuZneba mTavari sakiTxi (brali an Seracxadoba),
Sesavali sityva zogadi unda iyos da ara yovlismomcveli an
konkretuli. iSviaTia, rom braldebam srulyofilad moamzados
sityva winaswar. umetesoba efuZneba mowmis wyvetil mexsiere-
bas, mosamarTlis uars dasaSvebad cnos garkveuli mtkicebuleba
an Tundac dacvis damajerebel mowmes, romlis Cveneba kiTxvis
niSnis qveS ayenebs braldebis mxaris mowmeTa mTliani Cvenebis
utyuarobas. maSin roca prokurori cdilobs mTliani saqme
detalurad warmoadginos, misi Sesavali sityva dacvis mxares
situaciis Sejamebis gakeTebis karg SesaZleblobas aZlevs, xazs
usvavs ra, prokuroris Sesaval sityvasa da mtkicebulebebs
Soris arsebul SeuTavseblobas (prokurorma giTxraT, rom b-n
smiti mogiyvebodaT a-s, b-s da g-s, ma-gram b-n smits es saerTod
ar uTqvams!~ `prokurorma giTxraT, rom fiwalTan dakavSirebiT
serologiuri eqspertizis daskvnas gaCvenebdaT, magram mtkice-
buleba msgavs dokuments ar moicavs!). prokurori, romelic
`filmis anonsis~ SeTavazebis nacvlad, hyveba ambavs da masSi
warmogidgenT mtkicebulebas, an Cvenebas, romelic dagegmilisa-
gan gansxvavebiT mtkicebulebaTa nusxaSi ar moxvdeba, naklebad
savaraudoa, rom mowinaaRmdege mxaris Tavdasxmas gaumklavdeba.
·
 filmis anonsis gamoyenebis midgoma Tavidan agvacilebs
mosawyen daskvniT sityvas, romelic Sesavali sityvis gameoreba
iqneba. Tumca, kargad momzadebuli braldebis saqme yovelTvis
mimarTuli iqneba daskvniT sityvaze. daskvniTi sityva samar-
Talwarmoebis procesis gansxvavebuli etapia da Sesabamisad,
gansxvavebuli daniSnuleba aqvs. miuxedavad imisa, rom kargad
momzadebul Sesaval sityvas SeuZlia saqme mogagebinoT, Tuki
moaxerxebT nafic msajulTa daarwmunebas mtkicebulebaTa war-
modgenamde, mas mainc ar SeuZlia mtkicebulebaTa warmodgenisas
wamoWrili kamaTisa da kiTxvebis mogvareba.
ornawilian sasamarTlo procesze (aSS praqtika), sadac na-

fici msajulebi braldebuls sasjels ufardeben, daskvniT si-
35
tyvisTan dakavSirebuli igive mosazrebebi vrceldeba sasjelis
SefardebasTan dakavSirebul saboloo sityvazec _ amas eZaxian
prokuroris saboloo sityvas, es sityva moicavs miTiTebas imis
Sesaxeb, Tu ratom unda iqnes gamoyenebuli mocemuli braldebis
SemTxvevaSi esa Tu is sasjeli. igi ar SeiZleba iyos Sesavali
sityvis gameoreba. gameoreba TiTqmis yovelTvis uintereso da
aradamajerebelia. daskvniTi sityva, iseve rogorc sasjelis Se-
fardebis etapze gakeTebuli sityva, nafic msajulebs dafiqrebi-
saken unda ubiZgebdes. es ki sasamarTlo procesamde momzadebas,
sxvadasxva sakiTxis gadanawilebas da nafic msajulTa winaSe
mtkicebulebebis warmodgenas moiTxovs.
dacvis mxare
dacvis mxares yovelTvis aqvs saproceso ufleba warmoTqvas

Sesavali sityva. dacvis mxares, aseve ufleba aqvs ar gaakeTos
Sesavali sityva iqamde, vidre ar moismens braldebis mxaris
gamosvlas, anda saerTod ar isargeblos sityvis Tqmis uflebiT.
advokatebis umravlesobas miaCnia, rom Sesavalis sityvis Tqmis
uflebaze uaris Tqma ar aris marTebuli ramdenime mizeziT.
pirvel rigSi, imitom, rom bevri eqsperti miiCnevs, rom nafici
msajulebi gadawyvetilebas swored Sesavali sityvis mosmenis
Semdeg iReben da Tuki es simarTlea, maSin mniSvnelovania, rom
daupirispirde braldebis mxares. Tumca, aris SemTxvevebi, Cveu-
lebriv im saqmeebSi, sadac ramdenime braldebulia, rodesac
Sesavali sityviT gamosvlisagan Tavis Sekaveba SeiZleba erT-
gvari strategia iyos imisaTvis, rom Tqveni klienti sxva bral-
debulebisagan gamoarCioT. magram umetes SemTxvevaSi, dacvis
mxare unda Seecados, rom braldebis mxaris gamosvlis Semdeg
dauyovnebliv daamyaros nafic msajulebTan kontaqti. Tundac
konkretuli dacvis mtkiceba ar arsebobdes, dacvis mxarem unda
isargeblos am SesaZleblobiT, raTa nafici msajulebis keTil-
ganwyoba da ndoba moipovos.
36
Sesavali sityva aseve gaxlavT SesaZlebloba imisa, rom
xazi gausvaT braldebis poziciis sust mxareebs. Tuki absolu-
turad ar xarT darwmunebuli imaSi, rom braldebuli Cvenebas
gaakeTebs, umjobesia amaze ar isaubroT. Tqveni Sesavali sityva
SesaZloa misi Cvenebis sanacvlod gamodges. marTalia, Sesavali
sityva dacvis mxarisaTvis SesaniSnavi SesaZleblobaa warmo-
aCinos sakuTari Tavi sando advokatad, magram gaxsovdeT, rom
potenciuri sirTuleebi (maxeebi) mainc arsebobs.
 arasodes dadoT piroba, romelsac ver SeasrulebT,

radgan nafici
 msajulebi amas arasodes daiviwyeben da arc gapatieben. ·
 nu daiwyebT saubars samarTlebriv teqnikur detalebsa
da terminebze, romlebzec nafic msajulebs CamoeZinebaT.
 dacvis mxarisaTvis sasargeblo mtkicebulebis arsebobis
SemTxvevaSi,
gamoiyeneT Sesavali sityva nafici msajulebis Sexedulebis

Camosayalibeblad. zogierTi iuristis azriT, kargi iqneba Tuki
Sesavali sityva mTeli istoriis moyolas daeTmoba, miT umetes,
Tuki Txroba Tqveni erT-erTi Zlieri mxarea, aucileblad gamoi-
yeneT es SesaZlebloba. meore mxriv, ar aris saWiro komuni-
kaciis stilis Secvla mxolod imisaTvis, rom mibaZoT sxva
warmatebul advokatebs. rodesac dacvis mxarisaTvis sasargeblo
mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs, xSirad mtkicebis tvirTi, udanaSau-
lobis prezumfcia da gonivruli eWvi sasargeblo meqanizmebia,
Tuki maT saTanadod gamoyenebas SeZlebT. dacvis mxarem nafic
msajulebs unda auxsnas, rom mxolod udanaSaulobis prezumf-
cia sakmarisia gamamarTlebeli verdiqtis/ganaCenis gamosatanad.
Sesavali sityva brwyinvale droa nafic msajulebSi gonivruli
eWvis marcvlebis dasaTesad.
nafici msajulebi yvelaze didi interesiT Sesaval sityvas

usmenen da Tqvens gamosvlas mouTmenlad elian. amitom Ses-
avali sityva unda iyos lakoniuri, damajerebeli da zustad
37
pasuxobdes Temas. rekomendebuli ar aris xangrZlivi sityvis
warmoTqma, romelic ver miipyrobs nafici msajulebis interess.
mniSvnelovania, rom Sesavali sityvis repeticia winaswar gaiar-
oT, raTa Semdeg misi warmoTqma Canawerebis moSveliebis gareSe
SeZloT. swored am dros unda acnoboT nafic msajulebs, rom
udanaSaulobis prezumfcia sicocxlisunariani cnebaa. marTalia,
nafici msajulebi mosamarTlis mantiaSi ar arian gamowyobili,
magram isini arian mosamarTleebi da maTzea damokidebuli ram-
denad `cocxalia~ prezumfcia. aucilebelia nafic msajulebs
sTxovoT, rom yuradRebiT mousminon mosamarTlis miTiTebebs
udanaSaulobis prezumfciisa da gonivruli eWvis Sesaxeb. amis
Semdeg Tqvens naTqvams mosamarTlis miTiTebebi gaamyarebs. msa-
julebma unda icodnen, rom isini arian erTaderTi mosamarTlee-
bi da maT unda gadawyviton Tu vis daujeron da Sesabamisad,
gansazRvron mowmeebis sandoobis xarisxsi.
udanaSaulo adamianis dasja arc erT nafic msajuls ar unda.

Sesavali sityvisas SesaZlebloba gaqvT auxsnaT msajulebs, Tu
ratom aris barldebuli udanaSaulo da Tuki saWiroa, gaakeToT
Sedareba mowmeebs Soris. braldebuli xSirad gaTavisuflebas
Tveebis ganmavlobaSi elodeba; nafic msajulebs ki saSualeba
aqvT saxelmwifos Sesabamisi `gzavnili~ miawodon. uamravi mag-
aliTi arsebobs imisa, Tu rogor unda gakeTdes rekomendebuli
Sesavali sityva. 7
7 ix. Peter Lagarias, Effective Closing Argument (1989) (romelic mimoixi-

lavs darwmunebis xelovnebas)
38
daskvniTi sityva 8
daskvniTi sityva advokatis mier mosamarTleze/nafic msa-

julebze STabeWdilebis moxdenis bolo SesaZleblobaa. amis
gamo arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, rom prokurorma/advo-
katma misi argumentebi logikurad da damajereblad warmoadgi-
nos. prokurorma/advokatma mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs unda
auxsnas, Tu ratom amyarebs sasamarTlo procesze warmodgenili
mtkicebulebebi mis mier moTxovnil verdiqts.
rogorc procesis yvela sxva stadiis SemTxvevaSi, daskvniT

sityvasac momzadeba sWirdeba. marTlac, sasamarTlo procesis
dawyebamdec ki prokurori/advokati Camoyalibebuli unda iyos
imis Taobaze, Tu rogori iqneba misi daskvniTi sityva. procesis
ganmavlobaSi prokurori/advokati adgens mtkicebulebebs, rom-
lebic mis mier winaswar dagegmil daskvniT sityvas gaamyarebs.
cxadia, Tu sasamarTlo procesi dagegmilis Sesabamisad ar
warimarTa, rac iSviaTad xdeba, prokurors/advokats daskvniT
sityvaSi cvlilebebis Setana mouwevs.
Tu prokurorisTvis/advokatisTvis yvelaferi kargad

warimarTa, daskvniTi sityvis momzadebisas igi imave Temas daey-
rdnoba, romelic Sesaval sityvaSi hqonda gadmocemuli.
Tema
daskvniTi sityvis pirveli ori wuTis ganmavlobaSi, rode-

sac mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebis yuradReba mTlianad Tqven-
zea mopyrobili, prokurorma/advokatma unda warmoTqvas misi
Tema (`The Hook~). am pirveli Tu ori wuTis ganmavlobaSi ise

39
unda miipyroT mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebis yuradReba, rom
maT Tqveni mosmena ganagrZon. rogorc procesis sxva stadiebze
aRvniSneT, pirveladi STabeWdilebebi yvelaze xangrZlivi droiT
rCeba adamianis gonebaSi. daskvniTi sityvis dawyeba efeqturi Te-
mis gaJRerebiT warmoadgens Zlieri dawyebis erT-erT saukeTeso
saSualebas. qvemoT mocemulia ramdenime magaliTi:
`SecdomiT amocnoba. es aris saqme imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor

amoicno mowmem, romelic kargad ver xedavda, Tu ra moxda
14 ivlisis Rames, braldebuli, romelsac axla cixeSi jdoma
emuqreba im danaSaulisTvis, romelic ar Caudenia.~
an imave Teoriis gamoxatvis kidev erTi saSualeba:
`SecdomiT amocnobili adamiani. ramdenjer yofila, rom nac-

nobi gvgonebia vinme, xeli dagviqnevia da aRmoCenila, rom vcde-
bodiT? es aris saqme, sadac mowmes egona, rom viRac dainaxa,
magram sinamdvileSi Secda, radgan udanaSaulo adamiani daadana-
Saula.~
an sxva saqmeze:
ès aris saqme SurisZiebis Sesaxeb. braldebulma mkvleloba

imis gamo Caidina, rasac mtkicebulebebi naTlad adasturebs.~
`siZulvili saSineli ram aris; mas pirovnebis dabrmaveba

SeuZlia, ris Sedegadac igi saSinel qmedebebs sCadis. am saqme-
Si siZulvilma braldebuls udanaSaulo kaci, batoni daviTi
moakvlevina imis gamo, rac, misi azriT, daviTma mis winaaRmdeg
Caidina.~
sasamarTlo procesis sxva stadiebis msgavsad, rogorc xe-

davT, `Temis~ gamoyenebis dadgenili wesi ar arsebobs, ase rom,
process SemoqmedebiTad miudeqiT.
warsulSi bevrma prokurorma/advokatma daskvniTi sityvis

pirveli wuTebi mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebisTvis madlobebis
gadaxdaSi dakarga. es tendencia nel-nela qreba, radgan ufro da
40
ufro meti prokurori/advokati xvdeba, rom es mosamarTleze/
nafic msajulebze STabeWdilebas ar axdens da amiT isini mx-
olod da mxolod `Zvirfas~ pirvel wuTebs kargaven.
idaveT!
daskvniTi sityva aris kamaTi. mosamarTles/nafic msaju-

lebs ar surT moisminon TiToeuli mowmis carieli citirebebi,
radgan isini ukve Cvenebis micemisas moismines. daskvniTi sity-
vis mizania yvela mowmis Cvenebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba imis
saCveneblad, Tu rogor gamyarda prokuroris/advokatis mier
SemoTavazebuli Teoria. unda axsenoT mowmis saxeli, rodesac
misi Cvenebis im nawilze miuTiTebT, romelic Tqvens Teorias
amyarebs. Tu prokurori/advokati mxolod imas gadmoscems, Tu
ra Tqva TiToeulma mowmem, mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs mo-
bezrdebaT da isini Seuracxyofilad igrZnoben Tavs, radgan maT
ukve mousmines aRniSnul Cvenebs. Tqveni amocanaa imis warmoCena,
Tu rogor ukavSirdeba Cvenebebis sxvadasxva nawili erTmaneTs
Tqveni Sexedulebebis mxardasaWerad. alternativis saxiT, ro-
gorc dacvis mxaris advokatma, romelsac mtkicebis tvirTi ar
aqvs, Tqven SesaZloa ubralod aCvenoT, Tu rogor ar ukavSird-
eba erTmaneTs mowmeTa Cvenebebi prokuroris Teoriis gasamyare-
blad. es iseTi Zlieri strategia ar aris, rogorc imis Cveneba,
rom braldebuli udanaSauloa, magram xSirad es erTaderTi ram
aris, risi gakeTebac advokats SeuZlia.
efeqturoba
zogierTi prokurori/advokati Tavis daskvniT sityvaSi saa-

TobiT saubrobs, ris Sedegadac mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs
Zilis ganwyoba eqmnebaT. amis gamo, Tu, saerTo jamSi, proku-
rori/advokati Zlier ganacxads gaakeTebs, is mainc yuradRebis
miRma darCeba. Tu saqme uaRresad rTuli ar aris, daskvniTi
sityva 40 wuTze mets ar unda grZeldebodes. amisTvis saWiroa,
rom dacvam sityva ise moamzados, rom yuradReba mniSvnelovan
sakiTxebze gaamaxvilos. metic, ar gadatvirToT mosamarTle/
41
nafici msajulebi saqmeSi arsebuli umniSvnelo detalebiT, maT
isini ar gaaxsendebaT da Tqven ki riskze midixarT, rom am um-
niSvnelo faqtebis ganxilvisas TqvenTvis umTavresi argumentebi
daikargos.
gadaxedeT Tqven Sesaval sityvas. Tqven masSi garkveuli

aRniSvnebi da Temebi gamoiyeneT. gaimeoreT isini. Tu Tema bral-
debulis SecdomiT amocnoba iyo, maSin es Tema unda gaimeoroT.
marTlac, SegiZliaT mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs SeaxsenoT
kidec, Tu rogor TqviT Sesaval sityvaSi, rom amas mtkiceb-
ulebebi daadasturebda. magaliTad, `rogorc Sesaval sityva-
Si mogaxseneT, es aris saqme SecdomiT amocnobis Sesaxeb. b-ni
melaZe arakvalificiuri gamoZiebis msxverplia, radgan cxadia,
rom saxeze gvaqvs aradamajerebeli amocnoba. samwuxarod, poli-
cia saqmis daxurviT ufro iyo dainteresebuli, vidre misi
swori gziT gamoZiebiT.~
an sxva saqme braldebis perspeqtividan, korumpirebul mox-

elesTan dakavSirebiT:
ès aris saqme moxelis Sesaxeb, romelsac sakuTari xeli

gamowvdili hqonda ara xelis CamorTmevis, aramed sxvebis jib-
eebSi Cayofis mizniT.~
ikamaTeT Tqveni saqmis Teoriaze
Tqvens Sesaval sityvaSi mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs Tqve-

ni Teoriis Sesaxeb moaxseneT. axla dadga imis axsnis dro, Tu
ratom damtkicda Tqveni Teoria procesze ganxiluli mtkiceb-
ulebebis meSveobiT. konkretul Cvenebebze da/an nivTmtkicebebze
miTiTebiT CamoayalibeT ambavi, romelic warmoaCens, rom Tqvens
Sesaval sityvaSi mocemuli Tema procesis mimdinareobisas da-
dasturda. es moicavs sxvadasxva mowmis Cvenebebidan konkretu-
li nawilebis moyvanas. qvemoT mocemulia amis ganxorcielebis
mokle magaliTi.
42
korumpirebuli moxelis saqmeze:
`sasamarTlom moismina ramdenime mowmis Cveneba da naxa nivT-

mtkicebebi, romlebic aSkarad adastureben, rom melaZe korum-
pirebulia. sasamarTlom moismina q-ni nanas Cveneba imis Sesaxeb,
Tu rogor uxdida igi qrTams braldebuls restornis gasaxs-
nelad nebarTvis misaRebad. man detalurad isaubra, Tu rogor
uTxres nebarTvis asaRebad misvlisas, rom braldebulisTvis
20000 lari unda gadaexada, Torem saWiro nebarTvas verasodes
miiRebda. man sasamarTlos moaxsena, rom es restorani misi
cxovrebis ocneba iyo. misi gancxadebiT, mas SeeZlo am Tanxis
gadaxda, radgan misi biZa aSS-Si gardaicvala da garkveuli
Tanxa uanderZa. misi Cvenebis gasamyareblad braldebam warmoad-
gina nanas sabanko Canawerebi, sadac Cans, Tu rogor aris 2010
wlis 26 aprils 20000 lari gatanili.
nanas TqmiT, man braldebuls Tanxa naRd fulad gadauxada.

Tqven aseve giCvenes braldebulis sabanko angariSebi, romlebic
asaxavs 2010 wlis 29 aprils 10000 laris Setanis faqts, da
rogorc bankis warmomadgenelma mowmem ganacxada, misi balansi
1000 lars arasodes aRemateboda.
braldebam aseve warmoadgina ramdenime mowmis Cveneba, rom-

lebmac isaubres braldebulis mier 2010 wlis aprilis bolos
maTgan ganxorcielebuli Sesyidvebis Taobaze. am Sesyidvebis
mTliani Tanxa 9300 lari iyo.
sasamarTlom aseve moismina lali CalaZis Cveneba, romelic

gaxlavT im dawesebulebis buRalteri, sadac braldebuli muS-
aobda. misi gancxadebiT, braldebulis Tviuri xelfasi 400
lari iyo da man misi gancxadebis dasturad dawesebulebis
Canawerebi warmoadgina.
saidan hqonda braldebuls amdeni fuli? Tumca mtkicebis

tvirTi braldebis mxares awevs, braldebulma, romelmac Cveneba
misca, veraviTari axsnaganmarteba ver moitana, rac raime saxis
dokumentaciiT gadamowmdeboda.~
43
aravis ainteresebs Tqveni piradi mosazrebebi
Tqveni piradi mosazrebebi mtkicebuleba ar aris. mosamar-

Tle/nafici msajulebi saqmes imis mixedviT ar gadawyveten, rom
erTi an meore mxare miiCnevs, rom is marTalia. mosamarTle/na-
fici msajulebi saqmes mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze gadawyveten.
mxarem unda Tqvas, rom mtkicebulebebiT dasturdeba, rom bral-
debuli bankidan gamoqceuli mZarcveli iyo, an rom mtkiceb-
ulebebis Tanaxmad mowme ver SeZlebda im piris amocnobas, vinc
bankidan gamorboda.
gamoiyeneT nivTieri mtkicebulebebi
adamianebis umravlesoba informacias Tvalebisa da yurebis

meSveobiT aRiqvams. fsiqologiuri eqsperimentebiT damtkicebu-
lia, rom adamianebi orjer ufro met informacias imaxsovreben,
Tu am informacias erTdroulad rogorc smenis, ise danax-
vis gziT iReben. Tqven unda gamoiyenoT procesis ganmavlobaSi
mtkicebulebebad daSvebuli nivTmtkicebebi daskvniTi sityvis
dros. Tumca, procesze dauSveblad cnobili nivTmtkicebebis,
an im nivTmtkicebebis gamoyeneba, romelic ar iqna gamokvleuli
sasamarTlo gamoZiebis dros, verdiqtis safuZvli ver iqneba.
vizualuri mtkicebulebebis gamoyeneba ufro sainteresos
xdis prokuroris/advokatis gamosvlas mosamarTlis/nafici msa-
julebis TvalSi. nivTmtkicebebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia mov-
lenaTa qronologiis, ZiriTadi faqtebis, fulis moZraobis
kalkulaciebis warmoCenisa da mravali sxva daniSnulebiT, rom-
lis mniSvnelobis xazgasmac prokurors/advokats surs mosamar-
Tlis/nafici msajulebisTvis.
rodesac nivTmtkicebebze isaubrebT, yuradReba maTken unda
gqondeT mipyrobili. Tu nivTmtkicebebs maTi ganxilvis Semdeg
an manamde gamoamJRavnebT, Tqven aRar mogismenen, radgan mosamar-
Tle/nafici msajulebi yuradRebas nivTmtkicebebze gadaitanen.
dafareT nivTmtkicebebi manam, sanam maTze saubars daiwyebT,
xolo maTi gamoyenebis dasrulebisTanave TvalTaxedvis ares
moacileT.
44
dasviT ritorikuli kiTxvebi
ritorikulia kiTxva, romelsac pirovneba svams, magram masze

pasuxs ar moelis. msmenelisTvis pasuxi kiTxvidan gamomdinare
naTeli unda iyos. aseTi saxis kiTxvebi SesaZloa gamoyenebuli
iyos Tqven mier mowinaaRmdege mxaris poziciaSi ZiriTad na-
klovanebebze yuradRebis gasamaxvileblad. mosamarTle/nafici
msajulebi am kiTxvebs sasamarTlo procesebis mimdinareobisas
pasuxs ver gascemen, magram prokuroris/advokatis mizania isini
maT mexsierebaSi darCes. qvemoT mocemulia ori magaliTi, erTi
braldebis, xolo meore dacvis mxaris perspeqtividan.
àm saqmeSi braldebulma Ramis 2 saaTze manqaniT gaiara iq,

sadac ori kvartalis iqiT policiam daapatimra erTi mamakaci,
romelsac 20 kilogramis wonis 5 Sekvra heroini aRmoaCnda.
braldebuli kalatozia, magram Tavis manqanaSi aRmoaCnda kon-
verti, romelSic 20000 aSS dolari ido. saidan aqvs kalatozs
amxela Tanxa drois am periodSi? ratom iqneboda amave kacis
manqanis ukana savarZelze heroinis kvali aRmoCenili, Tu igi
narkotikebis biznesSi ar iqneboda CarTuli da gayidvac sul
axali ganxorcielebuli ar eqneboda?~
`sad aris mkvlelobis iaraRi? Tu braldebis Tanaxmad b-ma

melaZem marTlac mokla nana, ver SeZlebda policia iaraRis pov-
nas mis saxlSi, manqanaSi an sadme sxvagan, sadac igi imyofeboda?
hkiTxeT sakuTar Tavs, Tu ratom ver moiyvana braldebam erTi
mowmec ki, romelic ityoda, rom b-ni melaZe imave oTaxSi imy-
ofeboda, sadac nana mokles. rodidan gaxda danaSaulis Cadenis
midamoebSi yofna danaSauli?~
gamoiyeneT analogiebi an ambebi
zogjer saqmeSi danaSaulis pirdapiri mtkicebulebebi ar

arsebobs. pirdapiria mtkicebuleba, rodesac vinmes SeuZlia ga-
nacxados, rom dainaxa braldebuli, Tu rogor tovebda igi
mowmis saxls misi (mowmis) nivTebiT. zogjer mxolod iseTi mt-
45
kicebulebebi arsebobs, romlebsac iribi mtkicebulebebi ewode-
ba. iribia mtkicebuleba, rodesac saxezea faqtebi, romlisganac
mosamarTlem/naficma msajulebma daskvna unda gamoitanon. magal-
iTad, qurdobis msxverpls gansakuTrebulad uCveulo qurTuki
hqonda da igi saxlSi didi raodenobiT naRd fuls inaxavda.
erekles, romelic wlebis ganmavlobaSi umuSevari iyo, danaSau-
lis CadenaSi edeba brali. igi qurdobidan meore dRes dainaxes,
Tu rogor xarjavda uamrav fuls da rogor iyo gamowyobili
dazaralebulis qurTukSi.
mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebisTvis imis saCveneblad, Tu

raoden Zlieri mtkicebulebebi arsebobs saqmeSi, prokurorma
SesaZloa analogia gamoiyenos da ganacxados:
ès saqme im situacias waagavs, rodesac daZinebis dros ca

mowmendili iyo da dReebis ganmavlobaSi ar uwvimia. diliT
gaRviZebisas ki aRmoaCenT, rom irgvliv yvelaferi svelia da
xeebidanac ki wyali wveTavs. Tqven ar ginaxavT rogor gawvimda,
magram sruliad darwmunebuli xarT, rom Ramis ganmavlobaSi
iwvima.~
amtkiceT Tqveni Zlieri mxareebi
es braldebisa da dacvis mxares Tanabrad exeba. cxadia, rom

prokuroris SemTxvevaSi mtkicebis tvirTi mas akisria da man
unda amtkicos braldebulis damnaSaveoba da ara is, rom bral-
debulis axsna-ganmartebebi saR azrs aris moklebuli. orive
mxaresTan mimarTebaSi gacilebiT damajerebelia, Tu aCvenebT,
ratom xarT marTali, vidre imaze miuTiTebT, rom meore mxare
cdeba. rodesac yuradRebas mxolod meore mxaris sisusteze
amaxvilebT, imis STabeWdilebas qmniT, rom Tqveni mxare sustia.
advokats amis gakeTeba mxolod erT konkretul SemTxvevaSi
SeuZlia, rodesac mas araviTari damadasturebeli mtkicebuleba
ar aqvs. am SemTxvevaSi igi aRniSnavs, rom, rogorc braldebu-
lis warmomadgenels, mas arafris mtkiceba ar sWirdeba, da rom
mtkicebis tvirTi braldebas akisria. es aris susti dacvis
poziciidan Tavis daZvrenis gza. gaxsovdeT, rogorc winamdebare
46
saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul sxva wesebTan mimarTebaSi, advokatma
unda gadawyvitos, rodis unda gamoiyenos isini da rodis ara.
gaumklavdiT sisusteebs
ar ifiqroT, rom Tqvens poziciaSi arsebul sisusteebs

gaeqceviT. Tqveni mowinaaRmdege mxare maTze namdvilad gaamaxvi-
lebs yuradRebas. ori ZiriTadi mizezi arsebobs imisa, Tu ratom
unda moaxdinoT reagireba Tqvens sisusteebze: pirvel rigSi,
mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi problemas TqvenTvis misaRebi per-
speqtividan aRiqvamen. amas politikosebi `TqvenTvis sasurveli
kuTxiT danaxvas~ uwodeben.
es wesi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania prokurorebis SemTx-

vevaSi, radgan isini pirvelebi gamodian da rodesac dacvis mxare
am sakiTxebs Tavis daskvniT sityvaSi Seexeba, maT mosamarTles/
nafic msajulebs es sakiTxebi sakuTari TvaliT unda daanaxon.
Tumca, sisusteebs dacvis mxarec unda gaumklavdes. advokatis
yvelaze mniSvnelovani aqtivi misi damajereblobaa. sisustis
aRiarebiT advokati qmnis STabeWdilebas, rom igi gulwrfeli
adamiania, romlis ndobaca da dajerebac SeiZleba. Tu mosamar-
Tle/nafici msajulebi fiqroben, rom Tqveni ndoba SeiZleba,
imedia isini movlenaTa ganviTarebis Tqvens versiasac gaiziare-
ben. magaliTad,
`marTalia, rom b-ni gelaSvili im manqanas marTavda, sadac

narkotikebi aRmoaCines, magram Tqven misgan moismineT, rom igi
gulkeTili adamiania, romelic Tavis manqanas xSirad sxvebs
aTxovebs xolme. narkotikebi manqanis sabargulSi iyo da vin
icis, ramdeni xani? adamianebi sabarguls ar amowmeben, sanam man-
qanaSi Casxdebian. narkotikebi iq viRac sxvam Cado, romelic b-ni
gelaSvilis manqanis Txovebasa da narkotikebis daniSnulebis
adgilze mitanas mogvianebiT gegmavda. amave dros, am pirovnebam
icoda, rom narkotikebTan erTad ver daiWerdnen.~
Tu Tqvens poziciaSi Zlieri mxareebic arsebobs, Tqveni

sisustis axsnaganmarteba daskvniTi sityvis SuaSi unda gakeTdes.
47
rogorc sasamarTlo procesis sxva stadiebze, Tqveni daskvniTi
sityva unda daiwyoT da daasruloT Zlierad!
amtkiceT kanonis normebi da daukavSireT faqtebi rogorc

argumentebs, ise nafic msajulTa instruqciebs
amtkiceT kanonis normebi, romlebic Tqvens pozicias exmareba

da am process faqtebi daukavSireT. nafic msajulTa instruqcie-
bi xSirad kanonis yvelaze naTeli ganmartebebia, romelTac
mosamarTle nafic msajulTaTvis gaakeTebs da romelTac Se-
sabamisad udidesi wona da avtoriteti aqvs. moaxdineT maTi
citireba da gamoxateT isini sxva sityvebiT. miuxedavad imisa,
rom mosamarTleTa umravlesoba nebas ar dagrTavT instruq-
ciis zusti teqstis Semcveli slaidi an cxrili waradgi-
noT, SeqmeniT `fauer foinTis~ slaidebi an cxrilebi nafici
msajulebisaTvis daskvniT sityvaSi gansaxilvelad, romlebic
Tqveni argumentebisa da poziciis mxardamWeri instruqciebis
zust „perifrazirebas“ moaxdens.
daskvniTi sityvis organizeba
daskvniTi sityva zogadad garkveul organizebas eqvemde-

bareba, Tumca es SesaZloa saqmis garemoebebidan gamomdinare
icvlebodes.
a. Tema.
b. sakiTxi (ra unda damtkicdes moqmedi kanonebis Sesabam-
isad, raTa braldebuli damnaSaved iyos cnobili).
g. ra moxda sinamdvileSi da mtkicebulebebi, romlebic

Tqvens Teorias amyarebs. es unda moicavdes Tqveni mowmeebis
Cvenebas, nivTmtkicebebs, mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeTa aRiare-
bebs da saR azrsa da SesaZleblobebze miTiTebebs.
d. axsna-ganmarteba imis Taobaze, Tu ratom aris meore

mxaris pozicia susti. magaliTad, aCveneT, Tu sad ver SeZles
mtkicebulebebma braldebulis bralis warmoCena. es moicavs
48
meore mxaris mowmeebis Cvenebebze ieriSis mitanas da sa-
varaudod, ritorikuli SekiTxvebis gamoyenebas. sityvis am
nawilis dasawyisSi Tqveni poziciis sust mxarezec isaubreT.
Tu braldebuls dacvis pozicia ar warmoudgenia, prokurors
amis komentireba ar SeuZlia, radgan aseTi komentari proce-
sualuri darRveva iqneba. braldebuls sasamarTlo procesze
arasodes arafris gakeTeba ar evaleba, radgan misi bralis
damtkiceba mxolod da mxolod prokuroris mtkicebis tvir-
Tia.
e. ganixileT mtkicebis tvirTi da is, Tu rogor gaswia
an ver gaswia is braldebam (narkotikebis zemoT mocemuli
saqmis magaliTze amtkiceT, rom braldebas unda daemtkice-
bina, rom braldebuli narkotikebs SecnobiT flobda, Tumca
braldebam es ver SeZlo). miuTiTeT, rom prokurorma unda
daamtkicos danaSaulis yoveli elementi da damnaSavis vi-
naoba gonivrul eWvs miRma standartiT, da Tu ratom ver
gaswia man es tvirTi yovel faqtTan mimarTebaSi, an rom ver
daamtkica Tqveni klientis braleuloba.
v. moiTxoveT TqvenTvis sasurveli verdiqti. prokuroris

SemTxvevaSi es iqneboda braldebulis yvela punqtiT damna-
Saved cnoba. advokats SeuZlia moiTxovos yvela punqtiT
udanaSaulod cnoba. Tumca, advokats sxva variantebic aqvs,
rogoricaa udanaSaulod cnoba zogierT punqtTan mimarTeba-
Si, an damnaSaved cnoba ufro msubuqi braldebiT. magaliTad,
es SesaZloa moxdes saqmeSi, sadac naTelia, rom braldebulma
dazaralebuli mokla, magram dacvis mtkicebiT es iyo ara
ganzrax mkvleloba, aramed afeqtur mdgomareobaSi Cadenili
danaSauli, rodesac braldebulma dazaralebuli braldebu-
lis meuRlesTan erTad dainaxa.
z. saboloo daskvniTi sityvis dros Tqven ukanasknelad

geZlevaT SesaZlebloba mimarToT sasamarTlos/nafic msaju-
lebs. daxarjeT dro gasagebi, mokle da gonivruli prezen-
taciis mosamzadeblad, radgan swored momzadebazea damokide-
buli Tqveni warmateba.
49
daskvniTi sityva 9 (mkvlelobis saqmeebze)
qvemoT moyvanili sakiTxebi efuZneba amerikis SeerTebuli

Statebis marTlmsajulebaSi arsebul praqtikas da qarTvel
mkiTxvels SesaZloa ucxod moeCvenos is unarebi da regulacie-
bi, rac ganxilulia xsenebul masalaSi, Tumca, saxelmZRvanelos
SemdgenelTa azriT, maTi warmatebiT gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi
dRes ukve SesaZlebelia. ufro metic, momavalSi saqarTvelo-
Si damkvidrebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis Sedegad, es sakiTxebi
ufro metad aqtualuri gaxdeba braldebisa da dacvis mxarisT-
vis.
am etapamde mosasvlelad dasawyisidan dasasrulamde san-

doobis sakiTxi ukve yvelaferi gaakeTeT. winaswar moamzadeT
yvelaferi da gansazRvreT, Tu ra Suamdgomlobebis dayeneba
iqneba saWiro. dawereT damajerebeli pasuxebi mowinaaRmdege
mxaris Suamdgomlobebze. winaswar gansazRvreT mowinaaRmdege
mxaris savaraudo Tavdasxmis samizne sakiTxebi da moamzadeT
mtkicebulebebi da argumentebi am Tavdasxmebis sapasuxod. amav-
droulad, yuradRebiT moamzadeT mowmeebi da winaswar icodiT,
Tu ras da rogor ityoda sasamarTloze TiToeuli mowme. mox-
erxebulad airideT Tavidan problematuri nafici msajule-
bi. ostaturad moamzadeT da warmoadgineT Sesavali sityva,
romelic ar moicavda imaze met dapirebas, vidre realurad
SegeZloT gagekeTebinaT. mowmeebis gamoZaxebis Tanamimdevroba
9 `rogor gamoviZioT mkvlelobis saqme~ maikl d. uimsi, jek b. rabini

da Carlz ambrosi, pirvelad gamoica amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mier. saa-
vtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2011). Targmani,
gamocema da gavrceleba ganxorcielda àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis
uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. Targmnis saav-
toro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2012). yvela saa-
vtoro ufleba daculia. dauSvebelia winamdebare gamocemis teqstis nawilo-
brivi, an mTliani Secvla amerikis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro uflebebisa
da garigebebis ganyofilebis werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe; misamarTi: 321 North
71
Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; el. fosta: copyright@abanet. org. Gerry
Spence, Win Your Case 224 (ST. MARTIN’S 2005)
50
imgvarad gansazRvreT, rom nafici msajulebis interesi gamo-
gewviaT. TvalnaTliv warmoadgineT Tqveni pozicia. gaanalizeT
ra Tqveni pociziis susti mxareebi, SeecadeT agexsnaT nafici
msajulebisaTvis, Tu ratom iyo isini umniSvnelo. Tqven mier
Catarebuli jvaredini dakiTxva gamanadgurebeli iyo. saboloo
jamSi, nafici msajulebi darwmundnen, rom Tqven mier miwodebu-
li informacia simarTle iyo. sasamarTlo ganxilvis ganmavloba-
Si yovelTvis pirdapiri da sando iyaviT da nafici msajulebi
absoluturad sando pirad aRgiqvaven. axla ki droa, mTeli am
xnis ganmavlobaSi gaweuli samuSao logikur Sejamebamde mi-
iyvanoT daskvniT sityvaSi. daskvniTi sityva ar iqmneba cariel
adgilas. es aris Sejameba yvelaferi imisa, rac aqamde xdeboda
saqmesTan dakavSirebiT. `daskvniTi sityvis meSveobiT SeiZleba
moigoT iseTi saqme, romelic Tavidanve ar iyo wagebuli. Tumca
meore mxriv, kargad warmarTuli saqme SeiZleba swored im fa-
talur bolo wuTebSi waagoT~.
mkvlelobis saqmeebSi, daskvniTi sityvis dros gamoyenebuli

sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis principebi TiTqmis igivea, rac nebis-
mier sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze. faqtobrivad daskvniTi sity-
vis mTavari principebi TiTqmis identuria samoqalaqo saqmeebSi
gamoyenebuli principebisa (aSS praqtika). rogori unda iyos
daskvniTi sityva:
 saintereso;
 logikuri;
 kargad dagegmili;
 vizualurad TvalsaCino (gamoyenebul iqnes su-
raTebi da sxva TvalsaCino masala);
 damajerebeli;
 ar iyenebs sityvas `me~;
 iyenebs sityvas `Cven~ an `mtkicebuleba~;
 Sesavali sityvisa da saqmis masalebis Sesabamisi;
 aqvs Tema;
 ganmartavs Tqvens sust mxareebs;
51
 momzadebulia/gadmocemulia martivi eniT (moeri-
deT samarTlebrivi terminebis xmarebas);
 moicavs miTiTebebs nafici msajulebisTvis;
 xazs usvams mowinaaRmdege mxaris sust mxareebs;
 agebulia gonivrulad da emociurad;
 lakoniuri;
 Seicavs bunebriv moZraobebsa da Jestebs;
 gulwrfeli;
 Tavdajerebuli;
 pasuxobs nafici msajulebis nebismier kiTxvas
(magaliTad upasuxeT Tqvens sakuTar ritorikul kiTxvebs);
 gulisxmobs braldebulis CarTulobas (proku-
rors SeuZalia miuTiTos braldebulze, dacvis mxares
SeuZlia Seexos mas);
 damajerebeli;
 sruldeba Zlieri argumentis xazgasmiT.
sxva saxis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi gamoyenebuli kargi

daskvniTi sityvis teqnika TiTqmis yovelTvis vrceldeba mkv-
lelobis saqmeebzec. ra Tqma unda, arsebobs standartuli si-
tyvebi, romlebic zogjer cota gansxvavebulia.
gansxvavebebi SeiZleba moicavdes Semdegs:
 miTiTeba imis Sesaxeb, rom Tqveni mowmeebis Cvene-

bebi gamyarebulia damoukidebeli, miukerZoebeli mtkiceb-
ulebebiT (nivTieri an dokumenturi mtkicebulebebiT, an
sxva miukerZoebeli TviTmxilvelis meSveobiT);
 xazgasmulia Tqveni oponentis mowmeebis mier
faqtebis SeTxzvis (gayalbebis) motivebi;
 (braldebis mxarisaTvis) ganmarteba imis Sesaxeb,
Tu ratom aris iribi mtkicebuleba sando da miukerZoebeli;
 (dacvis mxarisaTvis) ganmarteba imasTan dakav-
SirebiT, Tu ratom aris iribi mtkicebuleba araswori
interpretaciis sagani;
52
 danaSaulis Cadenis motivis arsebobis an ararse-
bobis xazgasma;
 Tqveni eqsperti mowmeebis namuSevris xazgasma da
Tqveni oponentis eqsperti mowmeebis codnis, meTodebis, an
daskvnebis xarvezebis warmoCena/xazgasma;
 SeaxseneT nafic msajulebs `denTis kvaliani iara-
Ris~ momentebi, romlebic SesaZloa dafiqsirda sasamarT-
lo ganxilvisas (Tqveni oponentis gancxadebebi, romlebic
ar iyo dasabuTebuli, anda ewinaaRmdegeboda mtkicebule-
bebs;
 jvaredini dakiTxvis dros gamovlinda, rom mowme
tyuils ambobda da sxva);
 (braldebis mxarisaTvis) iyenebs yvela SesaZle-
blobas Seaxsenos nafic msajulebs (dawesebuli sazRvrebis
farglebSi) dazaralebulis, adamianis gardacvalebis, dana-
Saulis simZimis Sesaxeb;
 (dacvis mxarisaTvis) iyenebs yvela SesaZleblobas,
raTa braldebuli ar warmoaCinos, rogorc saxifaTo adamiani.
Sesavali sityvisagan gansxvavebiT, daskvniT sityvaSi unda

gakeTdes mniSvnelovani mtkicebulebis Rrma da detaluri mi-
moxilva da analizi. mas Semdeg, rac auditoriam filmis anonssa
da ZiriTad nawilebs uyura, Tqveni amocanaa daarwmunoT isini,
raTa moamzadon filmis Sinaarsis Sesabamisi daskvna. Tuki am
momentamde Tqveni prezentaciebi ostaturad/kargad iyo momza-
debuli, praqtikulad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom daskvniTi sityva
ukve mzad gaqvT. nafici msajulebi ukve mouTmenlad elian fil-
mis dasasruls, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebas da Sesabamisi
daskvnis momzadebas. Tqveni mizania daarwmunoT nafici msajule-
bi. darwmuneba ufro rTuli iqneba, Tuki nafici msajulebi us-
amarTlod uxeSad an utaqtod CagTvlian. arsebobs ori mizezi,
ris gamoc SeiZleba advokats gaawyvetinon sityva, anda miscen
disciplinuri gafrTxileba. esenia: faqtebis an damnaSaveobis, an
udanaSaulobis Sesaxeb piradi azris gamoxatva (`me vfiqrob....~)
da mowinaaRmdege mxareze pirovnuli Tavdasxmis ganxorcieleba.
53
aSS-s uzenaesi sasamarTlo ixilavda saqmes, romlis drosac
prokurori da advokati daskvniTi sityvis dros arasworad
moiqcnen10. dacvis mxarem daskvnebisa da Sejamebis gakeTeba ase
daiwyo: `braldebis mxarem saqme arasamarTlianad warmoadgina.
dasawyisidan am momentamde braldebis mxaris gancxadebebi mimar-
Tuli iyo Tqveni gonebis araswori mimarTulebiT mowamvlaze.
braldebis mxarem ganzrax damala gamamarTlebeli mtkicebuleba
da ùRirsad~ `moiqca~. amasTan, dacvis mxarem pirdapir gaakeTa
miniSneba prokuroris magidaze da ganacxada: `garwmunebT, rom
am sasamarTlo darbazSi aravis, maT Soris, arc am magidasTan
msxdom batonebs sjeraT, rom bili iangs apkos motyueba hqon-
da ganzraxuli~. prokurorma dacvis mxaris amgvar Sejamebaze
protesti ar gamoTqva (aSS sasamarTlo praqtikis mixedviT,
daskvniTi sityvebi Semdegi rigiTobiT warmoiTqmeba: braldeba
_ dacva _ braldeba), magram sapasuxo sityvaSi gamoexmaura
dacvis mxaris braldebas imis Sesaxeb, TiTqos braldebis mxare
Tavad ar iyo darwmunebuli sakuTar poziciaSi: `dacvis mxarem
ganacxada, rom sasamarTlo darbazSi damswre sazogadoebidan
aravis hgonia, rom b-n iangs apkos motyueba hqonda ganzraxuli.
mogaxsenebT, rom darbazSi mec viyavi da me... mjera, rom mas
ganzraxuli hqonda apkos motyueba. Tuki pirad STabeWdilebebze
saubari nebadarTulia, maSin Tqven Tavad mTxoveT gamomeTqva
Cemi azri~. am momentSi kamaTSi sasamarTlo CaerTo: `naTelia,
rom orive mxare valdebulia nafici msajulebis winaSe kamaTi
Sesabamisi sazRvrebis farglebSi gamarTon. mxareebis qceva Sez-
Rudulia. mosamarTleebis mier sasamarTlo darbazSi kontrolis
SenarCuneba sazogadoebis interess warmoadgens da es interesi
ar unda dairRves mxareTa mier qcevis wesebis darRvevis gamo.~
dacvis mxarem, prokuroris msgavsad, Tavi unda Seikavos piradi
mosazrebebis gamoTqmisagan saqmis warmodgenis procesSi. mxareTa
aseTi qceva sasamarTlo darbazSi Seuferebeli da dauSvebelia.
mosamarTlem romelime mxaris mier qcevis wesebis darRvevaze
dauyovnebliv unda moaxdinos reagireba... unda gaviTvaliswinoT,
10 United States v. Young, 470 U.S. 1 (1985). (aSS iangis winaaRmdeg)
54
rom prokurori da advokati kamaTisas Tanabrad eqvemdebarebian
zogad SezRudvebs.... prokurorze piradi Tavdasxmebis akrZalva,
mxolod nawilia im didi valdebulebisa, romelic dacvis mx-
ares gaaCnia. is valdebulia moeridos `RvarZlianobas~ mowi-
naaRmdege mxaresTan urTierTobaSi, sasamarTlo procesis dros
da kamaTisas Semoifarglos arsebuli mtkicebulebebiT. mkacrad
aris miRebuli, rom advokatma Tavi unda Seikavos mowinaaRmdege
mxaris pirad maxasiaTeblebsa da Taviseburebebze miTiTebisagan.
prokuroris mier dacvis mxareze Tavdasxma aramarTebulia da
amgvari Tavdasxmisagan Tavis Sekaveba erTmniSvnelovnad vrcel-
deba maszec11.
11 ix. igive 9-10 gv.
55
protesti12
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsidan na-
Teli ar aris, ra saxis protestis dayenebaa dasaSvebi da ro-
dis aris es SesaZlebeli. amitom, winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi
ganxiluli iqneba amerikul sasamarTloebSi aprobirebuli pro-
testis saxeobebi. aseve gaanalizebuli iqneba TiToeuli pro-
testis arsic, raTa prokurorma/advokatma SeZlos mosamarTles
auxsnas, Tu ratom unda dakmayofildes misi protesti.
unda gavaprotestoT Tu ara?
raimes gaprotestebamde prokurorma/advokatma unda gadawyvi-

tos, saWiroa Tu ara protestis dayeneba. protestis xSirad
gamoTqmam SesaZloa Seqmnas STabeWdileba, rom Tqven raimes da-
malvas cdilobT an simarTlis gamoaSkaravebas uSliT xels. aseve
SesaZloa isec moxdes, rom SekiTxva protests eqvemdebarebodes,
magram Tqven Tavi SeikavoT. aris Tu ara informacia, romlis mis-
aRebadac SekiTxva daisva, azrs moklebuli? Tu, magaliTad, mowi-
naaRmdege mxare mowmes ekiTxeba misi sacxovrebeli da samuSao
adgilis an msgavsi faqtebis Sesaxeb da Tu am faqtebis Sesaxeb
mxareebi ar davoben, pasuxi nebismier SemTxvevaSi, imis miuxedavad,
swored iqneba dasmuli SekiTxva Tu ara, mainc gamJRavndeba. mag-
aliTad, Tu advokati mowmes ekiTxeba: `Tqven cxovrobT faliaS-
vilis quCis #34-Si meoTxe sarTulze, xom asea?~ SekiTxva aras-
worad aris dasmuli, is mimaniSnebeli da rTulia. ra Tqma unda,
Tqven SegiZliaT gaaprotestoT am safuZvliT, Tumca aseT pro-
tests didi Sedegi ar mohyveba, radgan, saboloo jamSi, Tqveni
mowinaaRmdege mxare Secvlis SekiTxvis formas da mainc miiRebs
pasuxs dasmul kiTxvaze. amasTan, mocemuli informacia ar aris
imdenad mniSvnelovani, rom misi gaprotesteba Rirdes.

56
gaprotestebis dro
mniSvnelovania, rom prokurorma/advokatma araswori SekiTx-

va manamde gaaprotestos, sanam mas mowme upasuxebs. marTalia,
araswor SekiTxvaze pasuxi SesaZloa moixsnas da nafic msa-
julebs ganemartoT, rom es pasuxi ar gaiTvaliswinon, magram
nafici msajulebis mier mosmenili arasasurveli infomacia Sesa-
Zloa mainc saziano iyos mxarisaTvis. rogorc ki advokati
miiCnevs, rom SekiTxva arasworia, igi unda wamodges da Tqvas
`vaprotesteb~, raTa mosamarTle darwmundes, rom advokatis
azriT SekiTxva arasworia. amis Semdeg advokatma protestis
samarTlebrivi safuZveli unda miuTiTos. gaprotestebis Semdeg
mosamarTlem unda gadawyvitos, protesti safuZvliani iyo Tu
ara. Tu is safuZvliani iyo, maSin mowme aseTi formulirebis
SekiTxvas ver upasuxebs. Tu protestTan dakavSirebiT damatebi-
Ti argumentebis wamoyenebaa saWiro, mosamarTles miuaxlovdiT
da argumentebi iq waradgineT ise, rom naficma msajulebma es
argumentebi ver gaigonon. CainiSneT argumentebi da mosamarT-
lis gadawyvetilebis safuZveli, Tu misi gasaCivreba dagWirdaT.
cxadia, oficialur Canawers sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani gan-
axorcielebs.
SekiTxvebis gaprotesteba
1. iribi Cveneba _ amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis gamocdileba
es aris SemTxveva, rodesac mowmes sTxoven Cveneba misces

iseT sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, ris Sesaxebac mas uSualo codna
ar aqvs. magaliTad, bankis Zarcvis Cvens saqmeSi, Tu mowme ar
ganacxadebs, rom 14 ivliss igi WavWavaZis gamzirze imyofeboda,
maSin es protests eqvemdebareba. Tu mowme am TariRze da Zarc-
vis dros iq ar imyofeboda, maSin mas Cvenebis micema mxolod
imas-Tan dakavSirebiT SeuZlia, rac sxvam uTxra. nebismier dros,
rodesac mowmes SekiTxvas dausvamen da dadgindeba, rom mas
faqtis uSualo codna ar aqvs, iribi Cveneba unda gaprotestdes.
57
am protestis arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mowmis pasuxis
simarTlis gadamowmeba jvaredin dakiTxvaze SeuZlebelia. magal-
iTad, Tu mowmis Cvenebis Tanaxmad, daTom mas uTxra, rom gior-
gim banki gaZarcva, rogor SeZlebs dacvis mxare iseTi faqtebis
dadgenas, Tu sad idga daTo, ramdenad Sors idga igi, rogori
iyo ganaTeba, uSlida Tu ara raime mis mxedvelobis ares, iyo
Tu ara daTo axlomxedveli da a.S.
am SemTxvevaSi advokati wamodgeba da ambobs: `vaprotesteb.

SekiTxva irib Cvenebas Seicavs.~
saqarTveloSi iribi Cveneba dasaSvebia. Tumca, es mxolod

maSin aris dasaSvebi, rodesac aseT Cvenebas sxva mtkicebuleba
amyarebs. Tu ara, maSin iribi Cvenebis Semcveli Cveneba unda
gaprotestdes. Tu iribi Cvenebis Semcvel Cvenebas sxva mtkiceb-
uleba amyarebs, mowmis pasuxis iribi Cvenebis safuZvelze gapro-
testebas sasamarTlo ar daakmayofilebs. am saxelmZRvanelos
aucilebeli rekomendaciaa, rom jvaredin dakiTxvaze advokatma
dauyovnebliv gamoarkvios iribi Cvenebis safuZveli. Tu es aris
saqme, romelSic arsebuli Cvenebis Tanaxmad, viRacam, TiTqosda,
raRac dainaxa, Seteva iseT sakiTxebze unda amaxvilebdes yur-
adRebas, rogoricaa pirovnebis zusti adgilmdebareoba danaxvis
momentSi, ganaTebis pirobebi, mxedvelobis aris SezRudva da a.S.
gaiares Tu ara manqanebma, avtobusebma da satvirToebma mowmesa
da subieqts Soris da dafares Tu ara maT mowmis mxedvelo-
bis are? Tu asea, ra sixSiriT da ra xangrZlivobiT? subieqti
CrdilSi xom ar imyofeboda? rogoria pirovnebis mxedveloba
_ Sorsmxedvelia, axlomxedveli, astigmatizmi xom ar awuxebs,
daltoniki xom ar aris, Cveulebriv atarebs Tu ara saTvales,
romel mxares iyo mze an quCis ganaTeba? muSaobda Tu ara quCis
yvela ganaTeba? Cautarda Tu ara mas Tvalebze gamokvleva da ra
iyo am gamokvlevis Sedegi? ras akeTebda pirovneba zustad im
momentamde, rodesac, misi mtkicebiT, incidenti dainaxa? ra xnis
ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda incidenti? incidentis mere ramdeni
xnis gasvlis Semdeg miiRo mowmem informacia? dalia Tu ara
58
mowmem raime incidentamde, ra dalia, ramdeni da incidentamde
ramdeni xniT adre? iRebda Tu ara mowme raime medikaments, ras,
ra doziT da risTvis? moixmarda Tu ara mowme narkotikebs,
romels, ra raodenobiT da rodis? wina RamiT ramdeni xnis gan-
mavlobaSi eZina mowmes? ras akeTebda mowme TiTqosda inciden-
tis danaxvamde da sxva ramiT xom ar iyo dakavebuli? ra asakis
aris mowme da rogoria misi fizikuri mdgomareoba? Tavi xom ar
stkioda, gaciebuli xom ar iyo, Tvalebi wyliani xom ar hqonda
an sicxe xom ar awuxebda? Tu laparakia SemTxvevaze, romelSic
pirovnebam, savaraudod, raRac gaigona, zemoT CamoTvlilis gar-
da SekiTxvebi unda exebodes imas, Tu molaparake subieqtisgan
ra daSorebiT idga igi, xom ar awuxebs mas smenasTan dakavSire-
buli problemebi, gamokvleula Tu ara odesme misi smena da
ra iyo am gamokvlevis Sedegebi, rogori iyo garSemo arsebuli
xmauris done? im periodSi, rodesac, pirovnebis mtkicebiT,
man raRac gaigona, raime xelis SemSlel xmaurs xom ar hqonia
adgili, rogoricaa satvirTo manqanebis gavla, gamvlelTa mxri-
dan yvirili? saubris garkveuli epizodebi CurCuliT xom ar
warimarTa ise, rom igi saubris am epizodebs ver gaigebda? ro-
gori iyo saubarSi Cabmuli monawileebis saxis gamometyveleba?
rogori iyo saubris toni? icvleboda Tu ara saubris toni da
Tu ki, ra dros da rogor?
zemoT CamoTvlili magaliTebi ar aris amomwuravi. advokati

am SemTxvevaSi mowmes ekiTxeba im patara detalebis Taobaze,
romlebTan dakavSirebiTac jvaredin dakiTxvaze is pirovneba
unda daekiTxa, romelmac TiTqosda incidenti dainaxa an gaigona.
imis Sansi, rom iribi Cvenebis mimcemma mowmem am SekiTxvebze yve-
la an umetesoba pasuxebisa icodes, Zalze mcirea. mowmes aseve
unda hkiTxoT, vinme sxvisgan xom ar gaigona, rasac hyveba, Tu
uSualod TviTon am pirovnebisgan moismina yvelaferi. es Sesa-
Zloa sammagi an oTxmagi iribi Cvenebis SemTxveva iyos. aseT Sem-
TxvevaSi warmoiSoba damatebiTi kiTxvebi am sxva pirovnebebTan
da maT damajereblobasTan dakavSirebiT. prokurorma/advokatma
SesaZloa eqspertic ki gamoiZaxos ambis ramdenime piris mier
59
xelaxal moyolasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis da Sesabam-
isad, SesaZlo Secdomebis daSvebis gansaxilvelad. marTlac, Tu
sasamarTlo procesze gamocxadebul mowmes yvela SekiTxvaze
pasuxi aqvs, es TavisTavad Zalze saeWvoa da imaze uTiTebs, rom
mTavari mowme arasodes apirebda sasamarTlo procesze Cvenebis
misacemad gamocxadebas. jvaredini dakiTxvis dasasruls proku-
rorma/advokatma sasamarTlos unda sTxovos iribi Cvenebis Sem-
cveli mowmis Cvenebis dauSveblad cnoba, Tu mis mier gacemuli
pasuxebis Sedegad irkveva, rom informacia, romelsac mowme
gvawodebs, aradamajerebelia.
arsebobs amerikis uzenaesi sasamarTlos saqme kroufordi

vaSingtonis winaaRmdeg (124 S.Ct. 1354). kroufordis saqmeze sa-
samarTlom daadgina, rom, rodesac saqme ara Cvenebis tipis
mtkicebulebebs (iseTi mtkicebulebebi, rogoricaa TiTis anabe-
Wdebi, dnm, a.S.) exeba, dapirispirebis debulebis Sesaxeb aSSs
konstituciis Sesworebis safuZvelze, sasamarTlos SeuZlia
diskreciuli uflebamosilebis gamoyeneba aseTi mtkicebule-
bebis sandoobis dasadgenad. `Tumca, rodesac ganxilvis sakiTxi
mowmeTa Cvenebebia, meeqvse Sesworeba imaves moiTxovs, rasac
saerTo samarTali _ jvaredini dakiTxvis SesaZleblobas. es
sandoobis erTaderTi maxasiaTebeli, romelsac konstituciuri
moTxovnebis dakmayofileba SeuZlia, radgan TviTon konstitu-
ciiT gaTvaliswinebuli iseTi saSualebaa, rasac dapirispireba
hqvia.~ saqarTvelos konstituciaSi dapirispirebis debulebis
msgavsi araferia. Tumca, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kod-
eqsis Tanaxmad, braldebuls garantirebuli aqvs samarTliani
sasamarTlo da yovelTvis SeiZleba imis mtkiceba, rom mTavar
mowmesTan dapirispirebisa da misi jvaredini dakiTxvis uflebis
gareSe sasamarTlo procesi ar SeiZleba iyos samarTliani. ada-
mianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis Tanaxmad, yvelas aqvs
samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilvis ufleba (muxli me-6 _ samar-
Tliani sasamarTlo ganxilvis ufleba _ 1. samoqalaqo ufle-
baTa da movaleobaTa gansazRvrisas an wardgenili nebismieri
sisxlissamarTlebrivi braldebis safuZvlianobis gamorkvevisas
60
yvelas aqvs gonivrul vadaSi misi saqmis samarTliani da saqveyno
ganxilvis ufleba kanonis safuZvelze Seqmnili damoukidebeli
da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlos mier. sasamarTlo gadawyvetile-
ba cxaddeba saqveynod, Tumca mTel sasamarTlo procesze an mis
nawilze presa da sazogadoeba SeiZleba ar dauSvan, demokrati-
ul sazogadoebaSi moralis, sazogadoebrivi wesrigis an erovnu-
li uSiSroebis interesebidan gamomdinare, agreTve, rodesac
amas moiTxovs arasrulwlovanTa interesebi an mxareTa piradi
cxovrebis dacva, an ramdenadac, sasamarTlos azriT, es mkacrad
aucilebelia gansakuTrebuli garemoebebis arsebobisas, rodesac
saqveynooba zians miayenebda marTlmsajulebis interesebs).
2. bundovaneba
es aris protestis saxeoba, romelsac, rogorc wesi, jva-
redini dakiTxvis dros vxvdebiT. mas Cveulebriv is prokurori/
advokati gamoTqvams, romelmac mowme pirdapir dakiTxvaze dah-
kiTxa. misi mizania mowmis dacva, raTa ar gamoCndes, rom man
ar icis raze saubrobs, an rom mas SecdomaSi Sehyavs vinme. am
situaciaSi protestis safuZveli unda iyos Semdgi: SekiTxva
sakmaod bundovania, mowmes gauWirdeba pasuxi gasces mas. magali-
Tad, `mZarcveli maRali iyo?~ maRali SedarebiTi cnebaa, radgan
vinme erTi pirovnebisTvis SesaZloa maRali iyos, da meoresTvis
_ ki ara. sxva saxis bundovani SekiTxvebi: iyo Tu ara pirovneba
mdidari, dabali, msuqani, lamazi, swrafad morbenali an nela
mosiarule, iyo Tu ara iq bevri fuli, iyo Tu ara is Senoba
didi, saxli patara, didi ZaRli da a.S. sxva sityvebiT rom
vTqvaT, nebismieri SekiTxva, romlis pasuxzec adamianebs Sei-
Zleba gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi hqondeT. jvaredin dakiTxvaze
kiTxva Semdegi saxiT unda daisvas: ìyo Tu ara mZarcveli erTi
metrisa da 62 santimetris simaRlis?~ an Tundac Ria dabo-
loebis: `ra simaRlis iyo mamakaci, romelic Tqveni gancxadebiT
bankis mZarcvelia?~
prokurorma/advokatma bundovani SekiTxva aucileblad unda

gaaprotestos, radgan aseTi saxis kiTxvaze mowmem, Tavisi az-
61
riT, SesaZloa swori pasuxi gasces, magram sinamdvileSi jvare-
din dakiTxvaze gamoCndes, rom igi arazust informacias iZleva/
cruobs. magaliTad:
k: bankis mZarcveli maRali iyo?

p: diax.
gamoZaxebulia mowme, romelmac braldebuli gazoma da misi

Cvenebis Tanaxmad, braldebulis simaRle 1 metri da 58 santi-
metria. Tu mowme dabali pirovneba iyo, SesaZloa mas mosCvene-
boda, rom 1 metri da 58 santimetri maRalia. meore mxriv, Tu
mowme kalaTburTeli iyo, maSin 1 metrsa da 58 santimetrs
dabal simaRled CaTvlida. am SekiTxvis dasmis nebarTvis SemTx-
vevaSi SesaZloa Camoyalibdes mcdari STabeWdileba, rom mowmem
mamakaci SecdomiT amoicno.
kidev erTi magaliTi:
k: Zarcvidan meore dRes b-ma petriaSvilma Tqvens restoran-

Si didi odenobiT fuli daxarja, ara?
p: diax.
k: Tumca, im dRes b-ma petriaSvilma Tqvens dawesebulebaSi
mxolod 20 lari daxarja, ara?
p: diax.
k: magram Tqven TqviT, rom man didi odenobiT fuli daxarja.
xom ar eubnebiT mosamarTles, rom 20 lari didi odenobis
Tanxaa?
p: megona, iyo.
es SesaZloa ise gamoCndes, TiTqos mowme cdilobs Tavis

CvenebaSi Secdoma damalos. sinamdvileSi igi SeiZleba marT-
la fiqrobdes, rom 20 lari didi odenobis Tanxaa, magram
mosamarTlem an naficma msajulebma SesaZloa ar daijeron, rom
es asea da Sedegad mis damajereblobaSi eWvi Seitanon.
prokurori/advokati yovelTvis darwmunebuli unda iyos,
62
rom mis mowmes esmodes, Tu ras ekiTxebian. zemoT mocemul
magaliTSi prokurors pirveli SekiTxva Semdegi saxiT unda gae-
protestebina: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva bundovania.~
Tu mosamarTlem ver gaigo, ra aris bundovani, prokurorma/

advokatma unda miuTiTos frazaze `didi odenobiT fuli~. sx-
vaTa Soris, SekiTxvis sizustes pirdapir dakiTxvazec didi
mniSvneloba eniWeba. Tu Tqven zemoT mocemul magaliTSi pirve-
li SekiTxvis msgavs SekiTxvas dasvamT, dacvis mxaris advokats
ecodineba ra, rom braldebulma mxolod 20 lari daxarja, ga-
protestebis gareSe moicdis da Tqveni uxeSi Secdomis Sedegad
jvaredin dakiTxvaze, savaraudod, mowmes gaanadgurebs.
rodesac jvaredin dakiTxvaze bundovan SekiTxvas svamen, misi

gaprotesteba Tu argaprotesteba strategiuli gadawyvetile-
baa. mowinaaRmdege mxare SesaZloa fiqrobdes, rom mowmis pasuxi
mowmes daazianebs jvaredin dakiTxvaze. meore mxriv, mowmis pa-
suxs SesaZloa moelodnen da is sazianoc ki iyos.
3. Semxebloba
rodesac prokurori/advokati svams SekiTxvas, romelic

saqmesTan uSualo kavSirSi ar aris, es gaprotestebas eqvem-
debareba im safuZvliT, rom SekiTxva SemxeblobaSi ar aris
sakiTxTan. magaliTad, Tu bankis Zarcvis magaliTze vinme ikiTx-
avda, Tu ra miirTva sauzmeze braldebulma. TiTqosda, msgavsi
SekiTxvaa: hyavda Tu ara braldebuls megobari gogona. erTi
SexedviT, es SekiTxva Seusabamoa. Tumca, mxare SesaZloa imis
demonstrirebas cdilobdes, rom megobar gogonas surda raime
nivTi saCuqrad, is iTxovda braldebulisagan Zvirfas nivTebs da
amitom SekiTxva SemxeblobaSia saqmesTan, radgan is danaSaulis
motivs ukavSirdeba.
63
mtkicebis SeTavazeba
es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac mas mere, rac mosamarTle

gadawyvets, rom SekiTxva Seusabamoa, prokurori/advokati
mosamarTles uxsnis, Tu ratom aris SekiTxva Sesabamisi da
ratom unda darTon mas SekiTxvis dasmis ufleba. mosamarTlem
SesaZloa Tavisi gadawyvetileba Secvalos. mosamarTlem es rom
ar gaakeTos, prokurori/advokati am gadawyvetilebis gasaCivre-
bas apelaciis dros SeZlebs. mas SeuZlia saapelacio sasamarT-
los winaSe amtkicos, rom mosamarTlem mas SecdomiT ar darTo
SekiTxvis dasmis neba, romelsac arsebiTi mniSvnelobis Cveneba
mohyveboda da romelic sasamarTlo verdiqts Secvlida. amitom
aris mniSvnelovani, rom mtkicebis SeTavazebisas prokurorma/
advokatma detalurad axsnas, Tu ratom aris SekiTxva Sesabamisi
da ratom unda iyos is nebadarTuli. mtkicebis SeTavazebis
SemTxvevaSi prokurori/advokati auwyebs mosamarTles, Tu ra
Cvenebas miscems mowme, Tu mas Cvenebis micemis nebas darTaven.
aseve mxarem SesaZloa uTxras mosamarTles kiTxvebis rigiToba,
raTa daarwmunos igi ama Tu im kiTxvis dasmis aucileblobaSi.
1. mowmis arasakmarisi kompetenturoba
protestis am saxeobis safuZvelia SemTxveva, rodesac gas-

arkvevia, aris Tu ara mowme kompetenturi misces is Cveneba, ris
Sesaxebac ekiTxebian. magaliTad, Tu narkotikebis saqmeze mowmis
tribunasTan policieli dgas da mas ekiTxebian: `ra aris Tqven
mier amoRebuli nivTiereba?~ Tu man narkotikebi TviTon ar
moixmara an ar aris kvalificirebuli aseTi cda Caataros, igi
ar aris kompetenturi am nivTierebaze isaubros. mas SeuZlia
mxolod is Tqvas, rom braldebulisgan amoiRo TeTri fxvnili,
radgan imis dadgenas, Tu ra aris es fxvnili, qimiuri analizi
sWirdeba. amdenad, Tu TeTri fxvnili vinmem Sesabamisi cdiT ar
Seamowma, policiels ar ecodineboda, Tu ra nivTierebaze iyo
saubari. Tu saqarTveloSi policieli ganacxadebs, rom TeTri
fxvnili heroini iyo, radgan policiis qimikosma is Seamowma,
64
es dasaSvebi iribi Cveneba iqneba, radgan cda mas TviTon ar
Cautarebia da misi Cveneba mxolod imis angariSia, Tu sxvam ra
gaakeTa. Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebiT gamyarebis SemTxvevaSi es
Cveneba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT dasaSvebia. mra-
val sferoSi, romelic eqspertizis garkveul dones saWiroebs,
araeqsperti mowme, savaraudod, ar iqneba kompetenturi Cvenebis
misacemad. marTlac, protestis es saxeoba SesaZlebelia maSinac
ki iyos gamoyenebuli, rodesac Cvenebas eqsperti aZlevs, magram
igi konkretul saqmeSi mocemul sakiTxSi ver erkveva. magali-
Tad, eleqtrikoss SesaZloa ar hqondes sakmarisi eqspertiza,
raTa qimiur sferosTan dakavSirebiT misces eqspertuli Cveneba.
analogiurad, Tu policieli Seecdeba misces Cveneba imis

Taobaze, Tu ra iyo Cxrekis Sedegad amoRebuli, magram igi ar
aris pirovneba, romelmac kontrabanda ipovna, igi ar aris kom-
petenturi ganacxados, Tu sad iyo kontrabanda napovni, radgan
mas is ar aRmouCenia. am SemTxvevaSi gaprotesteba Semdegi saxiT
moxdeboda: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva exeba informacias, romelic
am mowmis kompetenciis miRmaa.~
2. mimaniSnebeli SekiTxvebi
Cven ukve SevexeT imas, Tu ra igulisxmeba mimaniSnebel

SekiTxvaSi. Tu mimaniSnebeli SekiTxva pirdapiri dakiTxvis dros
daismeba, es mowinaaRmdege mxares Semdegnairad SeuZlia gaapro-
testos: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva mimaniSnebelia.~
3. rTuli (Sedgenili) SekiTxva
SekiTxva rTulia (Sedgenilia), rodesac is realurad ori

an meti SekiTxvisgan Sedgeba. magaliTad, `dainaxeT Tu ara banki-
dan gamoqceuli braldebuli da eWira Tu ara mas xelSi iara-
Ri?~ àra.~ raze upasuxa mowmem àra~? imaze, rom braldebuls
iaraRi ar sWeria Tu imaze, rom bankidan gamoqceuli bralde-
buli ar daunaxavs? rTuli (Sedgenili) SekiTxvis problema
imaSi mdgomareobs, rom aravin icis, Tu mowmis pasuxi ras exeba.
65
zemoT mocemuli SekiTxva or calkeul SekiTxvad unda gaiyos.
am safuZvelze gaprotesteba Semdegi saxiT moxdeboda: `vapro-
testeb. SekiTxva rTulia (Sedgenilia).~
4. mowmisgan spekulirebis (varaudis gamoTqmis) moTxovna
es aris SekiTxva, romelic mowmes sTxovs ivaraudos imis

Sesaxeb, ris Taobazec pasuxi man ar SeiZleba icodes. zogadad
am tipis SekiTxvebi exeba imas, Tu ras fiqrobda sxva pirovneba
an rogori iyo misi ganzraxva. magaliTad, `ras fiqrobda bral-
debuli, rodesac iaraRi amoiRo?~ an àpirebda braldebuli
SeTanxmebis Sesrulebas?~ spekulirebis momTxovn SekiTxvaze ga-
protesteba Semdegi saxiT unda moxdes: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva
mowmisgan spekulirebas moiTxovs.~
5. damabneveli an gaugebari SekiTxvebi
aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac mowinaaRmdege mxare svams SekiTx-

vas, romelic yovelgvar azrs aris moklebuli da Zalian dam-
abnevelia. Tu Tqven ar gesmiT, Tu ras kiTxulobs mowinaaRm-
dege mxare, maSin arsebobs imis didi albaTobac, rom mowmesac
araferi esmodes. gansakuTrebiT jvaredin dakiTxvaze prokuror-
ma/advokatma unda uzrunvelyos, rom misi mowmeebi ar daibnen,
radgan es maT naklebad damajereblad warmoaCens. momzadebis
procesSi prokurorma/advokatma Tavisi mowmeebi unda gaafrTxi-
los, rom Tu mas SekiTxva ar esmis, misi axsna unda moiTxovos.
Tumca, prokurori/advokati mxolod amas ar unda daeyrdnos.
mowmem SeiZleba ar moisurvos Tqvas, rom SekiTxva ver gaigo.
amitom, es prokuroris/advokatis movaleobaa, rom gaproteste-
biT Tavisi mowme daicvas da mowinaaRmdege mxares SekiTxvis
`perifrazireba~ mosTxovos. es Semdegi saxiT unda gakeTdes:
`vaprotesteb. SekiTxva damabnevelia.~ an Tundac: `vaprotesteb.
gaugebaria mxare ras gulisxmobs.~ ukanaskneli meTodi SeiZleba
daexmaros mowmes, romelsac SesaZloa rcxvenoda imis aRiareba,
rom SekiTxva ver gaigo. mowmec Tavs ukeT igrZnobs, Tu SekiTxva
66
advokatmac ver gaigo. Tu Tqveni protestis Semdeg mosamarTle
hkiTxavs mowmes, gaigo Tu ara man ris Sesaxeb ekiTxebian, is,
savaraudod, ufro aRiarebs, rom SekiTxva ver gaigo.
6. SekiTxvebi, romlebic mtkicebulebebs miRma arsebul faqtebs

gulisxmobs
am SemTxvevaSi SekiTxva iseT rames exeba, rac sasamarTlo

procesze dadgenili ar yofila. magaliTad, Tu bankis Zarcvis
saqmeSi bankis Zarcvis, iq mowmis yofnisa da mis mier raRacis
danaxvis faqtebis dadgenamde, mowmes hkiTxaven, Tu ra mimar-
TulebiT gaiqca mZarcveli, amas advokati Semdegi saxiT gaapro-
testebda: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva mtkicebulebebs miRma arsebul
faqtebs gulisxmobs.~
am protestis, iseve rogorc safuZvlianobis naklebobis

Sedegad gamoTqmuli protestis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, pirda-
pir dakiTxvaze advokatma TiToeuli mowmis Cvenebis safuZveli
nel-nela, gamozomili nabijebiT unda Seqmnas.
7. sakamaTo
sasamarTlo procesze prokurorebma/advokatebma mowmeebs

SekiTxvebi unda dausvan da ara _ ekamaTon maT. Tu SekiTx-
vis daniSnuleba ubralod mowmesTan kamaTia, es gaprotestebis
safuZvelia: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva mowmesTan kamaTs emsaxureba.~
8. safuZvlianobis nakleboba
am motiviT gaprotesteba yvelaze xSirad maSin xdeba, rode-

sac mowmes ekiTxebian im dokumentis Sesaxeb, romlis avTen-
turobis dadgenac ar momxdara. raimes avTenturobis dadgena
misi namdvilobis dadgenas gulisxmobs. imisaTvis, rom mowmem
angariSis, gamokvlevis, dRiuris, fotos an nebismieri sxva wer-
ilobiTi an fotomasalis Sinaarsze imsjelos, mas avTenturi
dokumenti an foto unda uCvenon. magaliTad, sanam mowme raimes
67
upasuxebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra aris fotoze asaxuli, unda dadg-
indes, rom foto konkretul adgils zustad asaxavs. audioCa-
naweris SemTxvevaSi unda dadgindes, rom Canaweri namdvilia da
masSi araferia Camatebuli an Secvlili (amoRebuli).
Tu magaliTad, mowmes vinmes mier daweril raimes uCveneben,

advokatma unda daadginos, rom es braldebulis, dazaralebu-
lis, Tu vinc iqneba, mis mier aris dawerili. Sesabamisad, Tu
vinmes sTxoven aRweros, Tu ra aris fotoze asaxuli, maSin
vinmes da, savaraudod, TviTon mowmes unda hqondes micemuli
Cveneba imis Taobaze, rom es ganxiluli adgilis zusti aRweri-
lobaa. Tu amas adgili ar hqonia, maSin mowinaaRmdege mxaris
advokatma SekiTxva imaze dayrdnobiT unda gaaprotestos, rom
CvenebisTvis safuZveli ar momzadebula.
9. daculi informacia
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi:
muxli 15. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba
aravin aris valdebuli, Cveneba misces sakuTari Tavis an

sxva pirTa winaaRmdeg, romelTa wrec ganisazRvreba am kodeqsiT.
muxli 38. braldebulis ufleba-movaleobani
4. braldebuls SeuZlia nebismier dros gamoiyenos dumi-

lis ufleba. Tu braldebuli irCevs dumilis uflebas, es ar
SeiZleba Sefasdes misi braleulobis damadasturebel mtkiceb-
ulebad.
muxli 43. braldebulisa da misi advokatis urTierTobis

konfidencialuroba
1. braldebulis urTierToba mis advokatTan konfidencial-

uri da Tavisufalia.
2. konfidencialuria aseve piris braldebulad cnobamde
misi urTierToba mis SesaZlo advokatTan.
68
muxli 74. braldebulis Cveneba
1. braldebulis Cveneba aris mis mier sasamarTloSi mice-

muli informacia sisxlis samarTlis saqmis garemoebaTa Sesaxeb.
2. Cvenebis micema braldebulis uflebaa.
3. braldebulis mier Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis an cru
Cvenebis micemis faqti ar SeiZleba Sefasdes misi braleulobis
damadasturebel mtkicebulebad.
4. braldebulis aRiareba ar SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos
gamamtyunebel ganaCens, Tu igi ar dasturdeba misi braleulo-
bis damadasturebeli sxva mtkicebulebiT.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis zemoT mocemuli

muxlebis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia im SekiTxvis gaprotesteba,
romelic braldebulisgan dacul informacias iTxovs, iseve ro-
gorc im safuZvliT, rom aseTi informaciis moTxovna bralde-
bulis uflebas an privilegias laxavs. Tu pasuxi manamde iqneba
gacemuli, sanam protesti dakmayofildeba, moiTxoveT pasuxis
Cvenebidan moxsna da sTxoveT mosamarTles auxsnas nafic msaju-
lebs am yovelives mniSvneloba.
10. kiTxva, romelic pasuxad Txrobas moiTxovs
eqspertebis garda, mowmeebs konkretuli saxis SekiTxvebi

unda dausvaT. Sesabamisad, ar SeiZleba mowmes hkiTxoT: `Tu
SeiZleba moaxseneT sasamarTlos, ra gadagxdaT Tavs 2010 wlis
14 ivlisis Rames.~ am SezRudvis mizezi is aris, rom Tu mowme
Tavisi Cvenebas Tavisufali TxrobiT mogviyveba da ara kiTxva-
pasuxis gziT gadmogvcems, maSin, faqtobrivad SeuZlebeli iqne-
ba iribi Cvenebebis, spekulaciebis, mowmis kompetenciis miRma
sakiTxebis dadgena da maTi Tavidan acileba.
mowmis pasuxebi
marTalia, prokurorTa/advokatTa mier gamoTqmuli protes-

tis umravlesoba mxaris mier mowmeebisTvis dasmul SekiTxvebs
69
exeba, magram sasamarTlo procesze SesaZloa mowmis pasuxmac
gamoiwvios protesti.
magaliTad, rodesac mowme aramarTebul pasuxs warmoTqvams,

prokurorma/ advokatma es unda gaaprotestos. misi protestis
dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi, prokurorma/advokatma mosamarTles
unda sTxovos pasuxis oqmidan amoSla da nafic msajulTaTvis
imis ganmarteba, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebisas es pasuxi mxedv-
elobaSi ar miiRon (an nafic msajulTa gareSe sasamarTlos Sem-
TxvevaSi sTxovos mosamarTles, rom man pasuxi gadawyvetilebis
miRebisas ar gaiTvaliswinos). Tu mogvianebiT mosamarTle Tavis
verdiqts safuZvlad am pasuxs daudebs, dauSvebeli mtkiceb-
ulebis gamoyeneba SesaZloa warmatebuli gasaCivrebis safuZveli
gaxdes.
1. iribi Cveneba
magaliTad, prokurorma mowmes Semdegi SekiTxviT mimarTa:

ìmyofeba Tu ara dRes sasamarTlo darbazSi pirovneba, romel-
mac 2010 wlis 14 ivliss WavWavaZis gamzirze banki gaZarcva?~
mowmem ki Semdegi pasuxi gasca: `diax, rogorc Cemma megobarma
iraklim miTxra, es merabma gaakeTa da igi aq zis.~ pasuxi
aSkarad irib Cvenebas Seicavs, romelsac sasamarTlo procesze
ukve warmodgenili veraviTari arsebiTi mtkicebulebebi ver
amyarebs. advokatma es unda gaaprotestos da pasuxis oqmidan
moxsnis Taobaze Suamdgomloba daayenos: `vaprotesteb. pasuxi
irib Cvenebas Seicavs, romelic sxva mtkicebulebiT ar myard-
eba.~ Tu mosamarTle protests daakmayofilebs, maSin dacvis mx-
aris advokatma unda Tqvas: `vSuamdgomlob, raTa pasuxi oqmidan
moixsnas da nafic msajulebs ganemartoT, rom es konkretuli
Cveneba mxedvelobaSi ar miiRon.~ igive exeba nafic msajulTa
gareSe sasamarTlosac.
2. Seusabamo pasuxebi
Seusabamoa pasuxi, rodesac mowmis pasuxi SekiTxvis arss ar

70
exeba. pasuxi SesaZloa mTlianad an nawilobriv Seusabamo iyos.
rodesac pasuxi mTlianobaSi Seusabamoa, mxarem mTliani pasuxi
unda gaaprotestos. nawilobriv Seusabamo pasuxis SemTxvevaSi
pasuxi nawilobriv unda gaprotestdes. magaliTad: `dainaxeT Tu
ara, rom 2010 wlis 14 ivliss b-ni zurabi mwvane BMW-s mar-
Tavda?~ pasuxi: àra, me b-n zurabs wlebia, rac vicnob da mas
araerTxel aqvs CemTvis naTqvami, rom BMW-s markis avtomobili
ar moswons da mas arasodes marTavda.~ sityva àra~ pasuxis
erTaderTi nawilia, romelic SekiTxvas exmianeba. mowinaaRmdege
mxarem Semdegi saxis protesti unda gamoTqvas: `vaprotesteb
mTlian pasuxs sityva àras~ gamoklebiT.~ Tu mosamarTle pro-
tests daakmayofilebs, Semdeg mxare iSuamdgomlebs pasuxis
dauSvebeli nawilis moxsnisa da nafic msajulTa mier misi
gauTvaliswineblobis Taobaze.
gasakviria, magram bevri prokurori/advokati aRar cvlis

gaprotestebul kiTxvas, raTa pasuxis oqmidan moxsnili nawili
mowmis CvenebaSi miabrunos. cxadia, mxares aqvs ufleba, ga-
protestebis SemTxvevaSi, Secvalos kiTxvis formulireba an
mTlianad kiTxva da xelaxla swori formiT dasvas SekiTxva an
uzrunvelyos mowmis mier pasuxis marTebulad gacemis SesaZle-
bloba.
3. safuZvels moklebuli Cveneba
arsebobs garkveuli SemTxvevebi, rodesac mowmis pasuxi am

safuZvliT unda gaprotestdes. magaliTad: `2010 wlis 14 iv-
liss midiodiT Tu ara WavWavaZis gamzirze?~ pasuxi: ès is
dRe iyo, rodesac iq merabma banki gaZarcva.~ SekiTxva kargi
iyo, radgan prokurori cdilobda safuZvlis momzadebas Zarcvis
scenis aRwerisaTvis. pasuxi ki safuZvels moklebulia, radgan
mowmis Cvenebis am etapze araferia dadgenili imis Taobaze,
rom igi WavWavaZeze swored im adgilas da dros imyofeboda,
raime dainaxa da raimes danaxvis poziciaSi iyo. yvelas TvalSi
ise Cans, TiTqos mis mier mowodebuli informaciis wyaro misi
71
megobari liaa da sasamarTlo procesze arsebiTi mtkicebule-
bebi jer gamokvleuli ar yofila.
kidev erTi magaliTi eqspertizas exeba: `gsmeniaT Tu ara

xanZris Sesaxeb, romelic 2010 wlis 30 agvistos WavWavaZis
gamziris #19-Si gaCnda?~ pasuxi: `diax, es cecxlis ganzrax
wakideba iyo, ris Sedegadac saxli bolomde daiwva.~ mxare
`diax~ sityvis Semdeg yvelafris Cvenebidan moxsnaze iSuamd-
gomlebda safuZvlianobis naklebobis motiviT. am etapze jer
arafriT yofila dadasturebuli, rom mowmes hqonda imis Ses-
aZlebloba scodnoda, cecxli ganzrax iyo wakidebuli Tu ara.
marTlac, jer isic ki ar iyo dadgenili, rom man saxli naxa.
iseve, rogorc nebismier sxvas, mowmesac SeeZlo xanZris Sesaxeb
gazeTSi waekiTxa, saidanac aseve gaigebda, rom viRacis TqmiT es
cecxlis ganzrax wakidebiT moxda. `diax~ sityvis Semdeg pasuxi
aseve dauSvebelia da Seusabamo.
4. piradi mosazrebebi
eqspertebisgan gansxvavebiT, yvela sxva mowme faqtebTan da-

kavSirebiT Cvenebis misacemad aris gamoZaxebuli. ase, magaliTad,
Tu araeqspert mowmes ekiTxebian, Tu ras akeTebda garkveuli
pirovneba im bankis gareT, romelic gaZarcves, SekiTxva kargia
imdenad, ramdenadac is konkretul dros, TariRs da adgils
exeba. Tumca, Tu mowme pasuxobs `diax, igi ise iqceoda, ro-
gorc saguSagoze myofi~, pasuxi mowmis piradi Sexedulebaa imis
Taobaze, Tu ras akeTebda mamakaci. marTebuli pasuxi mxolod
faqtebs unda eyrdnobodes, magaliTad, ìgi gamudmebiT aqeT-iqiT
iyureboda. igi bankis win midioda da orive mxares ixedeboda,
Semdeg ukan brundeboda da igives imeorebda.~ meore mxriv, Tu
mowme gamocdili policiis oficeria, romlis kvalifikaciis
Sesaxeb prokurorma safuZveli moamzada, mas SeuZlia sakuTar
gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT gamoTqvas mosazreba, rom mamakaci
raRacas yaraulobda.
72
mas Semdeg, rac maTi, rogorc eqspertebis uflebamosileba
dadgindeba, an rodesac maT uflebamosilebas sasamarTlo maTi
daniSvnisas daadgens, eqspertebs SeuZliaT sakuTari mosazre-
bebi Tavisi eqspertizis sferoSi gamoTqvan. Cveneba, romelic
daskvnebs Seicavs, igivea, rac mosazreba. aqedan gamomdinare,
policiels SeuZlia Tqvas, rom dazaralebuls esroles, magram
mxolod samedicino eqsperts SeuZlia daadasturos daskvniT,
rom dazaralebuli am gasrolisgan gardaicvala.
73
braldebulis uflebebis dacva sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvisas13
(mocemul TavSi asaxuli masala, iseve rogorc winamdebare

saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili sxva masalaTa nawili,
dafuZnebulia aSS-Si arsebul saukeTeso praqtikaze)
prokurorTa umetesoba icavs dadgenil wesebs da samarTlianad

warmoadgens saqmes sasamarTloSi. zogierTi maTgani ki arRvevs dad-
genil wesebs, uSvebs Secdomebs, an sakuTari poziciis mtkicebis pro-
cesSi moWarbebuli enTuziazmis gamo arRvevs braldebulis uflebebs.
wesi
mniSvnelovania, rom protesti gacxaddes dauyovnebliv, ro-

gorc ki prokurori gaakeTebs miuRebel gancxadebas, dasvams
problemur SekiTxvas, an mouxmobs Seusabamo argumentacias Ses-
avali an daskvniTi sityvis wardgenisas. protestis droulad
dayenebas da mis sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi dafiqsirebas didi
mniSvneloba aqvs saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis
SemTxvevaSic. aSS-Si saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqme-
bas gacilebiT meti Zalisxmeva sWirdeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
advokati droulad ar ganacxadebs protests. protestis dak-
mayofilebis SemTxvevaSi, advokatma mosamarTles unda sTxovos,
raTa man miuTiTos nafic msajulebs prokuroris mier gakeTebu-
li miuRebeli gancxadebis Sesaxeb da auxsnas maT, rom ar gaiT-
valiswinon es gancxadeba. Tu prokuroris gancxadeba imdenad
sazianoa, rom mosamarTlis mier mxolod miTiTebis micema ver
13 àmerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqa-

rTvelos programa madlobas uxdis vaSingtonis sazogadoebrivi damcvelis
samsaxurs am nawilSi gamoyenebuli masalebisTvis.
74
gamoasworebs miyenebul zians, aSS-Si moqmedi praqtikis Tanax-
mad, advokatma unda sTxovos mosamarTles procesis CaSlilad
gamocxadeba. saqarTveloSic SesaZlebelia am TxovniT mimarTva
sasamarTlosTvis, Tumca am etapze, kanonSi ar arsebobs konkre-
tuli norma, romelic pirdapir moawesrigebda am sakiTxs.
zogadi wesi
advokats yovelTvis SeuZlia idavos, rom prokuroris

gancxadeba arRvevs saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT da adamianis
uflebaTa evropuli konvenciiT aRiarebul samarTliani sa-
samarTlos uflebas. advokats aseve, SeuZlia aqcenti gaakeTos
im garemoebaze, rom prokuroris gancxadeba ar aris kavSirSi
konkretuli saqmis faqtebTan da garemoebebTan, da rom msaju-
lebs gansaxilvel saqmeze evalebaT, mxolod braldebulis dam-
naSaveoba/udanaSaulobis sakiTxis gadawyveta. Tu prokuroris
gancxadeba usamarTloa, magram advokati ver ayalibebs protes-
tis dasasabuTebel raime konkretul mizezs, mas ubralod Seu-
Zlia idavos, rom prokurori usamarTlod cdilobs msajulTa
grZnobebisa da winaswarganwyobebis gamZafrebas14.
advokats SeuZlia daicados, sanam prokurori daasrulebs

saTqmels da mere daayenos protesti; Tumca maRalia amgvari
protestis ardakmayofilebis albaToba, vinaidan sasamrTlo ver
SeZlebs ukve miyenebuli zianis gamosworebas. miuxedavad amisa,
advokatma SesaZloa mocda amjobinos, raTa kidev ufro meti
yuradReba ar iqnes gamaxvilebuli diskriminaciul/usamarTlo
gancxadebebze. TuUadvokati am mizezis gamo mocdas amjobinebs,
man unda icodes, rom akeTebs arCevans Secdomis xazgasmasa da
protestis dayenebaze uaris Tqmas Soris. prokuroris Secdomis
mniSvnelobis xazgasasmelad, advokatma yovelTvis unda moiTxo-
vos sasamarTlo procesis CaSlilad gamocxadeba.
14 ixileT, mag.: makgrifi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (McGriffv.UnitedStates,

705A.2d282, 288-89 (D.C.1997)
75
qvemoT miTeTebulia saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasa da adamianis
uflebaTa evropul konvenciaSi arsebuli normebi, amerikuli sa-
samarTlo praqtika da amerikis iuristTa asociaciis sisxlis samar-
Tlis marTlmsajulebis standartebi, romlebic daexmareba advokats,
zemoaRniSnul SemTxvevebSi gacxadebuli protestisa da Sesabamisi
argumentaciis CamoyalibebaSi.
argumentebi konkretuli konstituciuri uflebebis

Selaxvis Taobaze:
roca saqme exeba braldebulis konstituciiT an sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT garantirebul uflebebs,
sasamarTlom unda uzrunvelyos, rom ar moxdes prokuroris
mier am uflebaTa Selaxva. `prokuroris gancxadeba ar unda
iwvevdes braldebulis imgvari konkretuli uflebebis Selaxvas,
rogoric aris dacvis ufleba da dumilis ufleba.~ 15
komentarebi imis Taobaze, rom dakavebis Semdeg

braldebulma isargebla dumilis uflebiT
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze veravis aiZuleb misces Cveneba

sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg. es ufleba konstituciiTa da sisx-
lis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT aris garantirebuli.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 15. Cvenebis mice-

maze uaris Tqmis ufleba.
àravin ar aris valdebuli Cveneba misces sakuTari Tavis
an sxva pirTa winaaRmdeg, romelTa wrec ganisazRvreba am kod-
eqsiT.~
15 dardeni uainraiT winaaRmdeg; (Darden v. Wainwright, 477U.S.168,

182(1986))
76
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 38 braldebulis
ufleba-movaleobani.
`4) braldebuls SeuZlia nebismier dros gamoiyenos dumi-
lis ufleba. Tu braldebuli irCevs dumilis uflebas, es ar
SeiZleba Sefasdes misi braleulobis damadasturebel mtkiceb-
ulebad.~
magaliTebi:
rodesac prokurori xazs usvams da nafic msajulebs sTxovs

braldebulis sawinaaRmdego daskvnebis gakeTebas, im faqtze
apelirebiT, rom braldebuli irCevs dumilis uflebas, saqme
gvaqvs sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg Cvenebis micemisgan Tavis Seka-
vebis uflebis uxeS SelaxvasTan.~
prokuroris komentari, dakavebis Semdeg braldebulis
mier dumilis uflebiT sargeblobaze, Tundac es ìmpiCmentis~
porcesSi moxdes, arRvevs samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas.
prokuroris mier jvaredini dakiTxvisas gakeTebuli miTiTeba
an/da Sesavali/daskvniTi sityvis warmoTqmis dros gakeTebuli
komentari imis Taobaze, rom braldebuls policiisTvis ar uTq-
vams alibis Sesaxeb dakavebisTanave – aseve warmoadgens konsti-
tuciiT garantirebuli uflebis darRvevas.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, 38 muxlis II nawili:

`dakavebis momentSi an, Tu dakaveba ar xdeba _ braldebulad
cnobisTanave, dauyovnebliv, aseve nebismieri dakiTvis win bral-
debuls unda ecnobos, rom mas aqvs advokatze, dumilisa da
kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisagan Tavis Sekavebis ufleba, ufleba
ar daibralos danaSauli, rom yvelaferi, rasac is ityvis,
SesaZlebelia mis winaaRmdeg iqnes gamoyenebuli da ufleba,
dapatimrebisas, xolo dakavebisas – misi moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi,
Sesabamis dawesebulebaSi miyvanisTanave miiRos ufaso samedi-
cino Semowmeba.~
amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsa-
77
julebis standartebi _ braldebis mxaris profesiul qmedebaTa
standartebi.
standarti 3-5.6(b): `prokurorma winaswari SecnobiT da
mosamarTlis an msajulTa yuradRebis dauSvebel sakiTxze gamax-
vilebis mizniT, ar unda gaakeTos dauSvebeli gancxadeba an ko-
mentari mosamarTlis an msajulTa winaSe.~
standarti 3-5.8(d): `prokurorma ar unda gaakeTos imgvari
gancxadeba, romelic xels SeuSlis msajulebs sakuTari val-
debulebis SesrulebaSi, kerZod, _ saqmeze gadawyvetilebis,
mxolod, mtkicebulebaTa safuZvelze miRebaSi;~
standarti 3-5.9: `rogorc pirveli instanciiT, ise apelaciis
wesiT saqmis ganxilvis dros, prokurorma ganzrax ar unda
miuTiTos an idavos iseT faqtebze, romelic scildeba saqmis ma-
salebs, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca amgvari faqtebi sayovelTaod
cnobilia Cveulebrivi cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis safuZvelze
an exeba iseT sakiTxebs, rasac mxareebi saeWvod ar xdian.~
pirdapiri miTiTeba imis Taobaze, rom braldebuli

ar iZleva Cvenebas
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 15. Cvenebis mice-

maze uaris Tqmis ufleba.
àravin ar aris valdebuli Cveneba misces sakuTari Tavis
an sxva pirTa winaaRmdeg, romelTa wrec ganisazRvreba am kod-
eqsiT.~
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 38 IV nawili:

`braldebuls SeuZlia nebismier dros gamoiyenos dumilis ufle-
ba. Tu braldebuli irCevs dumilis uflebas, es ar SeiZleba
Sefasdes misi braleulobis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad.~
saqme: karteri kentukis winaaRmdeg, 450 450U.S.288,
78
301(198116) `braldebuli sasamarTlos mier ar unda daisajos
sakuTari konstituciuri uflebiT sargeblobis gamo.~
saqme: baqsteri palmijanos winaaRmdeg, 425U.S.308,

319(1976), `saqmeSi: grifini kaliforniis winaaRmdeg, mosamarTle-
17
sa da prokurors aekrZala miuTiTon nafic msajulebs imis

Sesaxeb, rom braldebulis dumili SeuZliaT CaTvalon misi
damnaSaveobis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad.~
ixileT: amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis

marTlmsajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.6(b) da 3-5.9.
arapirdapiri miTiTeba imaze, rom braldebuli ar

iZleva Cvenebas
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, 38 muxlis IV nawili:

`braldebuls SeuZlia nebismier dros gamoiyenos dumilis ufle-
ba. Tu braldebuli irCevs dumilis uflebas, es ar SeiZleba
Sefasdes misi braleulobis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad.~
saqme: uaiTi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 248A.2d825, 825&826n. 2

(D.C.196918), prokuroris aramarTebuli qceva imaSi gamoixata,
rom man miuTiTa `policiis oficrebis mier micemul CvenebaTa
msgavsebaze maSin, rodesac SemTxvevis adgilze, policiis aRniS-
nuli oficrebisa da apelantis garda sxva aravin imyofeboda.~

marTlmsajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.6(b) da 3-5.9.
16 karteri kentukis winaaRmdeg (Carter v. Kentucky, 450U.S.288,

301(1981)).
17 baqsteri palmijanos winaaRmdeg (Baxter v. Palmigiano, 425U.S.308,
319(1976)).
18 uaiTi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (White v. United States, 248A.2d825, 825&826n.
2 (D.C.1969)).
79
miTiTeba imaze, Tu rogor iqceva braldebuli s.s.
saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvisas
saqme: aSS raiTis winaaRmdeg, 489F.2d1181,1186 (D.C.Cir.197319),

prokuroris mier imaze miTiTeba, rom braldebuli ar iZleva
Cvenebas, arRvevs samarTliani sasamarTlos (procesis) uflebas,
vinaidan is ararelevanturia bralis sakiTxis gadawyvetisTvis.

marTlmsajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.6(b); 3-5.8(d);
3-5.9.
miTiTeba imaze, rom braldebulis monawileoba sa-

samarTlo procesSi saSualebas aZlevs mas SeTxzas
sakuTari dacvis pozicia
aSS-s konstituciis VI Sesworebis Tanaxmad _ `sisxlis

samarTlis yvela saqmeze, braldebuls ufleba aqvs daupirisp-
irdes yvela im mowmes, vinc mis winaaRmdeg aZlevs Cvenebas.~
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia, aseve aniWebs bral-

debuls uflebas daupirispirdes mowmeebs, romlebic mis winaaR-
mdeg aZleven Cvenebas. Sesabamisad, braldebulis ufleba _ daup-
irispirdes mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeebs, garantirebulia am
saerTaSoriso konvenciiT, romlis monawilec aris saqarTvelo.
sss kodeqsis 38-e muxlis me-16 nawilis Tanaxmad, mocemul muxlSi
moyvanili uflebebis CamonaTvali, ar zRudavs braldebulis
uflebas, ganaxorcielos yvela sxva sxva ufleba, romelic mas
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, maTo Soris, saerTaSoriso Se-
TanxmebebiT aqvs miniWebuli.
saqme: mitCeli aSS-s winaaRmdeg (569A.2d177,183 (D.C.199020)
19 aSS raiTis winaaRmdeg (United States-v. Wright, 489F.2d1181,1186

(D.C.Cir.1973)).
20 mitCeli aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Mitchell v. United States (569A.2d177,183
80
_ prokuroris komentari imis Taobaze, rom braldebulis
monawilobam saqmis ganxilvaSi xeli Seuwyo mas sxva mowmeTa
CvenebebTan SeTanxmebuli dacva warmoedgina, arRvevs bralde-
bulis uflebas daupirispirdes mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeebs.
saqme: koreasi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (564A.2d594, 604(D.C.1989)21–

prokuroris aramarTebul qcevad CaiTvala misi miTiTeba msa-
julebisadmi, uaryofiTad SeefasebinaT is faqti, rom bralde-
buli sargeblobda mowmeebTan dapirispirebis uflebiT.
miTiTeba imaze, rom braldebuli ar iyo Tanaxma

Cxrekaze
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 112 sasamarTlos

ganCinebiT Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedeba (nawili I)
`sagamoZiebo moqmedeba, romelic zRudavs kerZo sakuTre-

bas, mflobelobas an piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobas, tar-
deba mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze sasamarTlos ganCinebiT.
mosamarTle Suamdgomlobisa da misi ganxilvisTvis saWiro in-
formaciis Sesvlidan ara ugvianes 24 saaTisa zepiri mosmenis
gareSe wyvets Suamdgomlobas. mosamarTle uflebamosilia Sua-
mdgomloba ganixilos Suamdgomlobis damyenebeli mxaris monaw-
ileobiT. am SemTxvevaSi Suamdgomlobis ganxilvisas gamoiyeneba
am kodeqsis 206-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesi. Tanamesaku-
Tris an Tanamflobelis an komunikaciis erTi mxaris Tanxmoba
sakmarisia am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis
sasamarTlos ganCinebis gareSe Casatareblad.~
aSS-s konstituciis IV Sesworebis Tanaxmad, àdamianis pi-

radi cxovreba, sacxovrebeli, dokumentacia da sxva, daculia
(D.C.1990)).
21 koreasi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Coreasv.United States (564A.2d594,
604(D.C.1989)).
81
dausabuTebeli Cxrekisa da amoRebisgan. dauSvebelia Sesabamisi
nebarTvis gacema ficiT an mtkicebiT dadasturebuli savaraudo
mizezisa da Cxrekis Catarebis adgilisa da amosaRebi nivTebis
detaluri miTiTebis gareSe.~
saqme: aSS preskotis winaaRmdeg, (581F.2d1343, 1350-51

(9thCir.1978),22 prokuroris miTiTeba im faqtTan dakavSirebiT,
rom braldebulma gamoiyena konstituciis IV SesworebiT ga-
rantirebuli ufleba maSin, rodesac policia Cxrekis orderis
gareSe cdilobda mis binaSi Cxrekis Catarebas, CaiTvala bral-
debis mxaris usamarTlo taqtikad da iseT Secdomad, romelic
arRvevs samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas da SeiZleba iyos
gadawyvetilebis Secvlis safuZveli.

3-5.9.
miTiTeba imaze, rom braldebuls hyavs an

moiTxova damcveli
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 38 nawili V:

`braldebuls aqvs advokatis arCevisa da yolis, aseve mis mier
arCeuli advokatis nebismier dros Secvlis ufleba, xolo Tu
is uqonelia – ufleba, daeniSnos advokati saxelmwifos xar-
jze. braldebuls unda hqondes gonivruli dro da saSualeba
dacvis momzadebisTvis. braldebulisa da misi advokatis urT-
ierToba konfidencialuria. akrZalulia braldebulisa da misi
advokatis urTierTobaze iseTi SezRudvebis daweseba, romlebic
xels SeuSlis dacvis saTanadod ganxorcielebas.~
22 aSS preskotis winaaRmdeg, (United States v. Prescott (581F.2d1343,

1350-51 (9thCir.1978)).
82
saqme: daiazi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 716A.2d173(D.C.1998),23
prokuroris gancxadeba imis Taobaze, rom braldebulma da misma
advokatma `SeTxzes erTi patara lamazi ambavi~, CaiTvala ar-
amarTebul/araeTikur qcevad, vinaidan es gancxadeba ubiZgebda
msajulebs gaekeTebinaT braldebulis sawinaaRmdego daskvna mis
mier dacvis uflebiT sargeblobis gamo.

3-5.9.
advokatis damcireba
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 38 nawili V:

`braldebuls aqvs advokatis arCevisa da yolis, aseve mis mier
arCeuli advokatis nebismier dros Secvlis ufleba, xolo Tu
is uqonelia – ufleba, daeniSnos advokati saxelmwifos xar-
jze. braldebuls unda hqondes gonivruli dro da saSualeba
dacvis momzadebisTvis. braldebulisa da misi advokatis urT-
ierToba konfidencialuria. akrZalulia braldebulisa da misi
advokatis urTierTobaze iseTi SezRudvebis daweseba, romlebic
xels SeuSlis dacvis saTanadod ganxorcielebas.~
saqme: jonsoni aSS-s winaaRmdeg (671A.2d428, 437(D.C.1995),24

prokuroris komentari _ `grcxvenodes~ advokatis mimarT,
romelmac ganacxada, rom braldebis mowmem icrua, iyo `sru-
liad miuRebeli~ da araeTikuri.
ixileT: amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarT-

lis marTlmsajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.6; 3-5.8(d);
3-5.9(b).
23 daiazi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, (Diazv.UnitedStates 716A.2d173(D.C.1998))

24 jonsoni aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Johnson v.United States (671A.2d428,
437(D.C.1995)).
83
raionuli prokurorebis erovnuli asociacia, saprokuroro
saqmianobis erovnuli standartebi; wesi 6.5(b) `mxarem, sakuTari
Sexedulebis miuxedavad, Tavi unda Seikavos piradi uaryofiTi
damokidebulebis gamovlenisgan mowinaaRmdege mxaris warmomad-
genlis mimarT.~
advokatis Seqeba
saqme: aSS frederikis winaaRmdeg, 78F.3d1370,1380

(9thCir.199625), prokuroris mxridan miuRebelia iseTi komen-
taris gakeTeba, rogoricaa, àdvokatis saqmea braldebis mier
mowveuli mowmeebis jvaredini wesiT dakiTxva sakuTari klien-
tis interesebis dasacavad. da Tqven gaqvT ufleba moxibluli
iyoT [advokatiT], romelic Tavisi saqmis ostatia~ da `minda
Sevaqo igi, vinaidan man kargad moaxerxa Tavgza aeria [mowmisT-
vis]~. aseTi komentari miuRebelia imdenad, ramdenadac mianiSnebs,
rom dacvis meTodebi TiTqos marTlmsajulebisaTvis xelis SeS-
las emsaxureba.
ixleT: amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis
3-5.9.4.
miTiTeba dacvis Rirebulebaze
ixileT: sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 38

nawili V.
saqme: ake ake oklahomas winaaRmdeg, 470U.S.68, 70(1985)26,
`konstituciis moTxovnaa, rom uqonel braldebuls xeli miu-
wvdebodes fsiqiatriul gamokvlevaze da sakuTari fsiqikuri
25 aSS frederikis winaaRmdeg, (United States v. Frederick 78F.3d1370,1380

(9thCir.1996)).
26 ake ake oklahomas winaaRmdeg (AkeAke v. Oklahoma,470U.S.68,
70(1985)).
84
mdgomareobidan gamomdinare efeqturi dacvis momzadebisTvis
saWiro daxmarebaze.~
saqme: gideoni ueinraiTis winaaRmdeg, 372U.S.335, 359(1963)27,

socialurad daucvel braldebuls ufleba aqvs isargeblos
saxelmwifos mier daniSnuli damcvelis momsaxurebiT.

3-5.9.
piradi mosazrebis gamoTqma

braldebulis braleulobis Sesaxeb
prokuroris piradi mosazreba braldebulis braleulobis

Sesaxeb aris miuRebeli da laxavs braldebulis samarTliani
sasamarTlos uflebas.
saqme: aSS iangis winaaRmdeg, 470U.S.1,17 (1985),28 aramarTe-

bulia prokuroris mier piradi azris gamoTqma braldebulis
damnaSaveobasTan dakavSirebiT.
saqme: finCi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 867A.2d222,227 (D.C.2005)29,

aramarTebulia prokuroris dausabuTebeli komentari imis Tao-
baze, rom Cvenebis micemis dros braldebulma icrua, danaSaulis
aRiarebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT.
vaSingtonis iuristTa asociacia, wesi 3.4(e) – sasamarTlo
procesze iuristebma (advokati/prokurori) ar unda gamoTqvan
piradi mosazreba mowmis sandoobasTan dakavSirebiT.
27 gideoni ueinraiTis winaaRmdeg, (Gideon v. Wainwright 372U.S.335,

359(1963))
28 aSS iangis winaaRmdeg (United States v.Young 470U.S.1,17 (1985)).
29 finCi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Finch v. Unites States 867A.2d222,227
(D.C.2005)).
85
amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlm-
sajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.8(b) – prokurorma ar
unda gamoTqvas sakuTari azri an rwmena braldebulis damna-
SaveobasTan dakavSirebiT.
mowmis sandoobis Tavdebad dadgoma an piradi mo-

sazrebis gamoTqma mtkicebulebasTan dakavSirebiT
aSS-Si mraval saqmeze dadginda, rom mowmis sandoobis

Tavdebad dadgoma prokuroris an advokatis mier aramarTebli
saqcielia. mowmis sandoobasTan dakavSirebiT mxaris mier misi
piradi Sexedulebis gamoTqma miuRebelia saqmis ganxilvisas.
saqme: aSS iangis winaaRmdeg, 470U.S.1,17 (1985)30, prokuro-

ris mier mowmis sandoobis Tavdebad dadgoma da sakuTari mosaz-
rebis gamoTqma braldebulis damnaSaveobasTan dakavSirebiT or
safrTxes Seicavs: (1) aseTi komentari qmnis iseT STabeWdilebas,
TiTqos mtkicebulebebi, romlebic ar iqna ganxiluli msajulTa
monawileobiT, magram cnobilia prokurorisTvis, amyarebs bral-
debulis mimarT wardgenil braldebas da Sesabamisad, arRvevs
braldebulis uflebas, raTa misi saqme nafic msajulTa mier
gadawydes mxolod sasamarTloze warmodgenili mtkicebule-
bebis safuZvelze; da (2) prokuroris mosazreba, aris ra `sax-
elmwifos~ mosazreba, SesaZloa ufro sarwmunod iqnes miCneuli
msajulebis mier, vidre mtkicebulebaTa sakuTari SefasebiT
gamotanili daskvnebi.

miuRebelia prokuroris mier mosazrebis gamoTqma imasTan daka-
vSirebiT, rom braldebis mowmeebis Cveneba `saocrad gulwrfe-
li~ iyo.
30 aSS iangis winaaRmdeg, (United States v. Young, 470U.S.1,17 (1985)).

31 finCi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, (Finch v. Unites States,867A.2d222,227
(D.C.2005)).
86
saqme: uesti aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 866A.2d74, 80(D.C.2005)32_
prokuroris komentari, rom dacvis argumenti `sasaciloa,~ ar-
amarTebulia im SemTxvevaSi, TuUes piradi mosazrebis gamoxat-
ulebaa.

sajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.8(b) – `prokurorma ar
unda gamoTqvas sakuTari
azri an rwmena romelime Cvenebis an mtkicebulebis san-

doobis an siyalbis Sesaxeb...~
faqtebis damaxinjeba
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 8 samarTliani

procesi da swrafi marTlmsajuleba (nawili I)
`braldebuls (msjavrdebuls, gamarTlebuls) aqvs samar-

Tliani procesis ufleba.~
prokuroris mier faqtebis damaxinjeba braldebuls uspobs

rogorc samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas, aseve mis winaaRmdeg
arsebul mtkicebulebebTan da mowmeebTan dapirispirebis kanoniT
garantirebul uflebas.
saqme: doneli dekristoforos winaaRmdeg, 416U.S.637,

645(1974)33, `sruliad aramarTebulia prokuroris mxridan faq
tebis damaxinjeba.~
vaSingtonis iuristTa asociacia, profesiuli qcevis we-

sebi. wesi 3.4 (i): mxarem ar unda `wamoWras sakiTxi, Tu mas
safuZvliani rwmena ar aqvs, rom es sakiTxi mocemul saqmesTan
32 uesti aSS-s winaaRmdeg,(West v. United States, 866A.2d74, 80(D.C.2005))

33 doneli dekristoforos winaaRmdeg (Donnelly v. DeChristoforo
416U.S.637, 645(1974)).
87
mimarTebaSi aris relevanturi da Tu igi ar iqneba gamyarebuli
saqmeSi arsebuli dasaSvebi mtkicebulebiT.~

julebis standartebi; standarti 3-5.8(a) – `prokurorma ganz-
rax ar unda daamaxinjos mtkicebuleba da Segnebulad ar unda
ubiZgos msajulebs araswori daskvnebis gakeTebisaken.~
iseTi faqtebis xseneba, romelic ar aris saqmeSi
saqmeSi ararsebuli faqtebis xseneba dauSvebelia da ewi-

naaRmdegeba nafic msajulTa instruqcias. aseT SemTxvevaSi mowi-
naaRmdege mxarem protesti unda daayenos da mosamarTles unda
sTxovos, SeniSvna misces damrRvevs, xolo msajulebs _ xe-
laxla waukiTxos mtkicebulebis ganmarteba kanonis Sesabamisad.
saqme: doneli dekristoforos winaaRmdeg, 416U.S.637,

645(1974)34, aramarTebulad iqna cnobili prokuroris mier
daskvniTi sityvis warmoTqmisas msajulTa yuradRebis gamax-
vileba im faqtze, rom amave saqmeze, yofili Tanabraldebuli
damnaSaved iqna cnobili.
saprokuroro saqmianobis erovnuli standartebi, wesi 76.2

– braldebis mxarem ar unda axsenos mtkicebuleba, Tu ar ar-
sebobs am mtkicebulebis sasamarTlo procesze warmodgenisa da
dasaSvebad cnobis gonivruli safuZveli (maRali albaToba).

sajulebis standartebi; standarti 3-5.9 – `rogorc pirveli
instanciiT, ise apelaciis wesiT saqmis ganxilvis dros, proku-
rorma ganzrax ar unda miuTiTos an idavos iseT faqtebze,
romelic scildeba saqmis masalebs, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca
amgvari faqtebi sayovelTaod cnobilia Cveulebrivi cxovrebi-
34 doneli dekristoforos winaaRmdeg (Donnelly v. DeChristoforo

416U.S.637, 645(1974)).
88
seuli gamocdilebis safuZvelze an exeba iseT sakiTxebs, rasac
mxareebi saeWvod ar xdian.~
standarti 3-5.8(d) – `prokurorma ar unda gaakeTos imgvari

debulebis SesrulebaSi, kerZod _ saqmeze gadawyvetilebis, mx-
olod, mtkicebulebaTa safuZvelze miRebaSi.~
sxva qmedebebi, rac arRvevs braldebulis

samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas
normis arasworad gadmocema

udanaSaulobis prezumfciasTan dakavSirebuli
normebis damaxinjeba
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 5: udanaSaulobisa

da Tavisuflebis prezumcia (nawili I)
`piri udanaSaulod iTvleba, vidre misi damnaSaveoba ar
damtkicdeba sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gamamtyune-
beli ganaCeniT.~
saqme: porteri aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 826 A.2d 398, 407 (D.C.

2003) – `rodesac prokurori amtkicebs, rom yvela braldebuls
35
aqvs ufleba Tavi maqsimalurad kargad daicvas, saqme gvaqvs

prokuroris mier udanaSaulobis prezumfciis araswor gadmo-
cemasTan.~

sajulebis standartebi; standarti 3-5.8(a) – prokurorma ar
unda ubiZgos msajulebs araswori daskvnebis gakeTebisken.
35 porteri aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Porter v. United States 826 A.2d 398, 407
(D.C. 2003)).
89
kanonis normis araswori interpretacia
gonivrul eWvs miRma standartis Taobaze
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 13, nawili II:

`braldebulis aRiareba, Tu is ar dasturdeba misi braleulo-
bis damadasturebeli sxva mtkicebulebebiT, sakmarisi ar aris
mis mimarT gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamosatanad. gamamtyunebeli
ganaCeni unda efuZnebodes mxolod erTmaneTTan SeTanxmebul,
aSkara da damajerebel mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobas, romelic
gonivrul eWvs miRma adasturebs piris braleulobas.~
Tu prokurori amtkicebs, rom gonivrul eWvs miRma stand-

arti ufro dabalia, vidre es realurad kanoniTaa dadgenili,
unda dadges protesti da mosamarTles unda eTxovos Sesabamisi
instruqcia waukiTxos nafic msajulebs.
saqme: salivani luizianas winaaRmdeg, 508 U.S. 275, 278 (1993)

36
– gonivrul eWvs miRma standartis Taobaze kanonis araswori

ganmarteba imdenad sazianoa, rom is verasdros iqneba aRqmuli
uwyinar Secdomad.
mtkicebis tvirTTan dakavSirebuli kanonis

normis araswori interpretacia
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 5: udanaSaulobisa

da Tavisuflebis prezumcia
1. `piri udanaSaulod iTvleba, vidre misi damnaSaveoba ar
damtkicdeba sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gamamtyune-
beli ganaCeniT.~
2. àravin ar aris valdebuli, amtkicos Tavisi udanaSau-
loba. braldebis mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba bralmdebels. bral-
debels ufleba aqvs, uari Tqvas braldebaze.~
36 salivani luizianas winaaRmdeg, (Sullivan v. Louisiana 508 U.S. 275, 278

(19930)).
90
saqme: mulani vilburis winaaRmdeg, 421 U.S. 684, 702 (1975)37,
bralmdeblis mier nebismieri miniSneba, rom dacvam TiTqos
braldebasTan erTad unda gainawilos mtkicebis tvirTi, an, rom
braldebuli ar unda iqnas miCneuli udanaSaulod sasamarTlo
ganxilvis msvlelobisas, warmoadgens Secdomas/darRvevas, rac
laxavs samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas da SeiZleba gaxdes
gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli.

marTlmsajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.8(a).
kanonis araswori ganmarteba ganzraxvis cnebasTan

mimarTebaSi
saqme: francisi franklinis winaaRmdeg, 471 U.S. 307, 317

(1985)38, msajulebisadmi micemuli ganmarteba, romelsac mt-
kicebis tvirTi, ganzraxvis elementTan dakavSirebiT, gadaaqvs
braldebulze _ uxeSad arRvevs kanons.

mtkicebulebis araswori daxasiaTeba
daiazi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 716A.2d173(D.C.1998)39, miuRebelia

prokuroris mxridan iseTi gancxadebis Segnebulad gakeTeba,
romelic Seqmnis araswor STabeWdilebas, TiTqos braldebulma
37 mulani vilburis winaaRmdeg, (Mullaney v. Wilbur 421 U.S. 684, 702

(1975)).
38 francisi franklinis winaaRmdeg (Francis v. Franklin, 471 U.S. 307, 317
(1985)).
39 daiazi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Diaz v. United States 716A.2d173(D.C.1998)).
91
icrua, rodesac Tqva, rom ver gaigo inglisur enaze micemuli
Cvenebis Sinaarsi.

sajulebis standartebi; standarti 3-5.8(a) – `prokurorma ar
unda ubiZgos msajulebs araswori daskvnebis gakeTebisken.~
standarti: 3-5.8(d) –`prokurorma ar unda gaakeTos imgvari

debulebis SesrulebaSi, kerZod _ saqmeze gadawyvetilebis, mx-
olod, mtkicebulebaTa safuZvelze miRebaSi.~
komentarebis gakeTeba braldebulis Sesaxeb

braldebulis dacinva an misi damcireba
Tu prokurori braldebulTan dakavSirebiT akeTebs pira-

di xasiaTis komentars/gancxadebas, am SemTxvevaSi protestis
safuZveli gaxlavT is, rom amgvari sakiTxebi ar aris kavSirSi
braldebulis mier konkretuli danaSaulis Cadena-arCadenasTan,
arTmevs braldebuls samarTliani procesis uflebas da emsax-
ureba, mxolod msajulTa emociebis gacxovelebas.
saqme: setelsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 615 A.2d 1105, 1113 (D.C.

1992)40, aramarTebulad CaiTvala prokuroris mimarTva bralde-
bulisadmi _ `mSiSara egoisti.~

sajulebis standartebi; standarti 3-5.8(b) – `prokurorma ar
unda gaakeTos dauSvebeli gancxadeba an komentari mosamarTlis
an msajulTa winaSe, Segnebulad, maTi yuradRebis dauSvebel
sakiTxze gamaxvilebis mizniT.~ standarti 3-5.8(g) – proku-
rorma ar unda gaakeTos iseTi gancxadeba, romelic gaTvlilia
msajulTa winaswarganwyobaze/damokidebulebebze zemomoqmedebi-
40 setelsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Settles v. United States 615 A.2d 1105, 1113
(D.C. 1992)).
92
saTvis. standarti 3-5.8(d) – prokurorma ar unda gaakeTos
imgvari gancxadeba, romelic xels SeuSlis msajulebs sakuTari
valdebulebis SesrulebaSi, kerZod mxolod ganxiluli mtkice-
bulebebis safuZvelze saqmis gadawyvetaSi.
braldebulis garkveuli epiTetiT moxsenieba

1992)41, aramarTebulad CaiTvala prokuroris mimarTva bralde-
bulisadmi _ `mSiSara egoisti~ da `rvafexa.~ (rvafexa imitom,
rom `roca rvafexas eSinia is wyalSi Sav melans uSvebs.~).
saqme: doi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 583 A.2d 670, 676 (D.C. 1990)42,
araeTikuria prokuroris mier braldebulis `cud pirovnebad~
moxsenieba.
braldebulis cnobil adamianebTan Sedareba
saqme: matisi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 513 A.2d 1344, 1348 (D.C.

1986)43, prokuroris mier braldebulis `naTlimamasTan~ Sedar-
ebam gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba gamoiwvia, vinaidan dairRva samar-
Tliani sasamarTlos ufleba.
saqme: harisi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 430 A.2d 536, 540-41 (D.C.

1981)44, araeTikuria prokuroris mier braldebulis Sedareba
`mafiis naTlimamasTan.~
(D.C. 1992)).
42 doi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Doe v. United States 583 A.2d 670, 676 (D.C.
1990)).
43 matisi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Mathis v. United States 513 A.2d 1344, 1348
(D.C. 1986)).
44 harisi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Harris v. United States 430 A.2d 536, 540-41
(D.C. 1981)).
93
braldebulis `profesional kriminalad~ moxsenieba

miuRebelia prokuroris mier nasamarTlobis mqone braldebulis
Cvenebis daxasiaTeba _ `qurdobaSi da narkotikebiT vaWrobaSi
msjavrdebuli adamianis sityvebi.~

marTlmsajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.8(g) da 305.8(d).
gancxadeba, rom braldebuli saSiSia

sazogadoebisTvis
saqme: dardeni ueinraiTis winaaRmdeg, 477 U.S. 168, 180

(1986)46, araeTikuria prokuroris mier gancxadebis gakeTeba, rom
mxolod braldebulis sikvdiliT dasja uzrunvelyofs msgavsi
danaSaulis aRkveTas.

miTiTeba braldebulis warsulSi nasamarTlobaze
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 238: braldebulis

nasamarTloba
`verdiqtis gamocxadebamde nafic msajulebs ar unda ecno-

boT braldebulis adrindeli sisxlis samarTlis an adminis-
traciul pasuxisgebaSi yofnis an nasamarTlobis Sesaxeb (Tu
es ar aris wardgenili braldebis erT-erTi makvalificirebeli

(D.C.2005)).
46 dardeni ueinraiTis winaaRmdeg (Darden v. Wainwright 477 U.S. 168,
180 (1986)).
94
niSani an/da gamiznuli ar aris braldebulis Cvenebis sandoobis
Sesamowmeblad), agreTve nebismieri sxva mtkicebulebis Sesaxeb,
romelsac kavSiri ara aqvs bralis damtkicebasTan.~

miuRebelia prokuroris mier nasamarTlobis mqone braldebulis
Cvenebis daxasiaTeba _ `qurdobaSi da narkotikebiT vaWrobaSi
msjavrdebuli adamianis sityvebi.~
saqme: lii aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 562 A.2d 1202, 1205 (D.C. 1989)48,
miuRebelia prokuroris gancxadeba: ùfro metad savaraudoa
braldebulma, rogorc pirovnebam, visac SeuZlia sxvisi nivTebis
moparva, ar Tqvas simarTle~ _ vinaidan es gancxadeba gulisx-
mobs braldebulis midrekilebis mis winaaRmdeg mtkicebulebad
gamoyenebas.

jgufur crurwmenebze/winaswar ganwyobebze

apelireba
sazogadoebis garkveul jgufebSi damkvidrebul cru

rwmenebze apelireba miuRebelia, vinaidan aseTi qmedeba ar aris
relevanturi sasamarTlo procesis kanonier miznebTan mimarTe-
baSi, braldebuls uspobs samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas
da mimarTulia msajulTa emociebze aramarTebuli zegavlenis
moxdenisaken.

(D.C.2005)).
48 lii aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Lee v. United States, 562 A.2d 1202, 1205 (D.C.
1989)).
95
miTiTeba rasobriv kuTvnilebaze
saqme: beitsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 766 A.2d 500, 508 (D.C. 2000)49,
miuRebelia prokuroris mier advokatis rasistad moxsenieba
an raime komentaris gakeTeba damcvelis rasobrivi kuTvnilebis
Sesaxeb.

sajulebis standartebi; standarti 3-5.8(d) – `prokurorma ar
unda gaakeTos imgvari gancxadeba, romelic xels SeuSlis msa-
julebs sakuTari valdebulebis SesrulebaSi, kerZod mxolod
ganxiluli mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze saqmis gadawyvetaSi.~
ixileT agreTve, standarti 3-5.8(g) – `prokurorma ar unda gaa-
keTos dauSvebeli gancxadeba an komentari mosamarTlis an msa-
julTa winaSe, Segnebulad, maTi yuradRebis dauSvebel sakiTxze
gamaxvilebis mizniT.~
genderul diskriminaciaze an homofobiaze

apelireba
saqme: jonsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 625 A.2d 281, 284 (D.C. 1993)50,
prokuroris araerTgzisi miTiTeba iseT sakiTxze, rogoric iyo
braldebulebs Soris savaraudo homoseqsualuri urTieroba,
CaiTvala Secdomad/darRvevad, romelic arRvevs samarTliani sa-
samarTlos uflebas da SeiZleba gadawyvetilebis Secvlas dae-
dos safuZvlad.
saqme: lii benetis winaaRmdeg, 927 F. Supp. 97, 104-05 (S.D.N.Y.

1996)51, miuRebelad CaiTvala prokuroris mier aqcentis gakeTeba
genderul diskriminaciaze, kerZod, misi komentari imis Taobaze,
49 beitsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Bates v. United States 766 A.2d 500, 508 (D.C.
2000)).
50 jonsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Jones v. United States 625 A.2d 281, 284 (D.C. 1993)).
51 lii benetis winaaRmdeg (Lee v. Bennett 927 F. Supp. 97, 104-05 (S.D.N.Y.
1996)).
96
rom dacvis mowmeTa Cvenebebi xsnis im mizezebs, Tu `ratom ar
aRiricxeba qveyanaSi Cadenili gaupatiurebis mravali SemTxveva.~

marTlmsajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.8(d) da 305.8(g).
apelireba klasobriv diskriminaciaze
saqme: aSS `Socony-Vacuum Oil Co”-s winaaRmdeg, 310 U.S.

150,239 (1940)52, miuRebelia nebismieri saxiT miniSneba klasobriv
diskriminaciaze. amgvarad, sasamarTlo mudmiv mzadyofnaSi unda
iyos, raTa ar moxdes xsenebuli diskriminaciis SemTxvevebi saq-
mis ganxilvisas.
saqme: brauni aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 766 A.2d 530, 548 (D.C. 200153),
prokuroris mier braldebulTa moxsenieba mdidar, Zalauflebis
mqone da qedmaRal eqimebad, CaiTvala imgvar gancxadebad, ro-
melic arRvevs samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas da SeiZleba
safuZvlad daedos saqmis xelaxla ganxilvas.

komentari regionTan dakavSirebiT
saqme: paueli aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 455 A.2d 405,410 (D.C. 1983)54,

aramarTebulad CaiTvala prokuroris gancxadeba _ àm qveyanaSi
msajulebi wyveten...,~ vinaidan igi CaiTvala, rogorc msaju-
52 aSS “Socony-Vacuum Oil Co”-s winaaRmdeg (United States v. Socony-

Vacuum Oil Co 310 U.S. 150,239 (1940)).
53 brauni aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Brown v. United States 766 A.2d 530, 548
(D.C. 2001)).
54 paueli aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Powell v. United States 455 A.2d 405,410
(D.C. 1983)).
97
lebSi erovnuli grZnobebisa da gancdebis gaRviZebis mcdeloba.

religiuri xasiaTis komentarebi
saqme: mailsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 374 A.2d 278, 283-84 (D.C.

1977)55, aramarTebulad CaiTvala prokuroris mier daskvniT si-
tyvaSi benediqt arnoldsa da iuda iskariotelze miTiTeba.
saqme: vilakresi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 357 A.2d 423, 428 (D.C.

1976)56, prokuroris mier dazaralebulis `sikvdiliT dasjasa~
da iesos jvarcmas Soris paralelis gakeTeba CaiTvala imgvar
qmedebad, romelic arRvevs samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas
da SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos saqmis xelaxla ganxilvas.
dacvis Teoriis dacinva an daknineba
saqme: jonsoni aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 671 A.2d 428, 436 (D.C.

1995)57, miuRebelad CaiTvala prokuroris mimarTva advoka-
tisadmi – `sircxvili Tqveni.~
saqme: kuri aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 520 A.2d 255, 267 (D.C. 1987)58,
aramarTebulad CaiTvala prokuroris mier sasamarTloze ga-
keTebuli gancxadeba, rom rodesac advokati saubars mtkice-
55 mailsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Miles v. United States 374 A.2d 278, 283-84
(D.C. 1977)).
56 vilakresi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Villacres v. United States 357 A.2d 423,
428 (D.C. 1976)).
57 jonsoni aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Johnson v. United States 671 A.2d 428, 436
(D.C. 1995)).
58 kuri aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Curry v. United States 520 A.2d 255, 267 (D.C.
1987)).
98
bulebaTa falsifikaciaze iwyebs, es mianiSnebs, rom mas sxva
xelmosaWidi argumenti gansaxilvel saqmeze ar gaaCnia.
saqme: paueli aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 455 A.2d 405,410 (D.C.

1983)59, aramarTebulad CaiTvala da gadawyvetilebis gadaxedva
gamoiwvia prokuroris mier procesze gakeTebulma komentarma
imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom advokatsac ar sjera sakuTari kli-
entis.
saqme: beitsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 403 A.2d 1159, 1163 (D.C.

1979)60, miuRebelia prokuroris mier imaze apelireba, rom ad-
vokatsac ar sjera sakuTari klientisa da dacvis poziciis.
saqme: beitsi belis winaaRmdeg, 2005 WL 659069, *9 (6th Cir.

2005)61, prokuroris komentari imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom, misi
azriT, TviT advokatebsac ar sjerodaT sakuTari mowmeebis CaiT-
vala imgvar Secdomad, romelic arRvevs samarTliani sasamarT-
los uflebas da SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos gadawyvetilebis
gadaxedvas.
mowmis Sesaxeb miuRebeli gancxadebis gakeTeba

mowmis `matyuarad~ moxsenieba
saqme: koreasi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 565 A.2d 594, 604 (D.C.

1989)62, miuRebelia prokuroris mier mowmis Cvenebis `sicrued~
moxsenieba.
saqme: jonsoni aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 512 A.2d 253,257 (D.C.
59 paueli aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Powell v. United States 455 A.2d 405,410

(D.C. 1983)).
60 beitsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Bates v. United States 403 A.2d 1159, 1163
(D.C. 1979)).
61 beitsi belis winaaRmdeg (Bates v. Bell 2005 WL 659069, *9 (6th Cir.
2005)).
62 koreasi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Coreas v. United States 565 A.2d 594, 604
(D.C. 1989)).
99
1986)63, miuRebelia prokuroris Semdegi gancxadeba: `bralde-
buli fiqrobda, rom mas tyuili gauvidoda.~
ixileT: saprokuroro saqmianobis erovnuli standartebi;

wesi: 6.5(v), 77.1, 77.6.

miTiTeba imaze, rom urTierTobis specialuri xas-

iaTidan gamomdinare SeuZlebelia mowmis dakiTxva
sisxli samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 50: piri, romelic

ar aris valdebuli, iyos mowme
1. `mowmed dakiTxvisa da saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone in-
formaciis Semcveli sagnis, dokumentis, nivTierebis an sxva
obieqtis gadacemis valdebuleba ar ekisreba:
a) advokats – im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic misTvis cno-

bili gaxda am saqmeSi advokatis movaleobis SesrulebasTan
dakavSirebiT;
b) advokats, romelic iuridiul daxmarebas uwevda pirs

dacvis miRebamde, _ im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic misTvis
cnobili gaxda iuridiuli daxmarebis gawevasTan dakavSirebiT;
g) sasuliero pirs – im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic misT-

vis cnobili gaxda aRsarebis an sxvagvarad gandobis Sedegad;
d) braldebulis axlo naTesavs;
e) saxalxo damcvels an mis mier uflebamosil pirs – im

faqtis gamo, romelic mas gaandes, rogorc saxalxo damcvels;
63 jonsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Jones v. United States 512 A.2d 253,257 (D.C.
1986)).
100
v) saqarTvelos parlamentis wevrs _ im faqtis gamo, ro-
melic mas gaandes, rogorc warmomadgenlobiTi organos wevrs;
z) mosamarTles – im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic sasamarT-

los TaTbiris saidumloebaa;
T) Jurnalists – profesiuli saqmianobisas miRebul in-

formaciasTan dakavSirebiT;
i) adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverpls – mosafiqre-

beli vadis ganmavlobaSi;
k) saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelTan Seqmnili specialuri

prevenciuli jgufis wevrs – im faqtis gamo, romelic mas
gaandes prevenciis erovnuli meqanizmis funqciebis Sesrulebi-
sas, Tu igi ar daTanxmdeba, misces Cveneba.~

julebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.7(g) `miuRebelia proku-
roris mier mowmed iseTi piris gamoZaxeba, vinc ar aris val-
debuli misces Cveneba mocemul saqmeze da prokuroris qmedeba
ganpirobebulia mxolod im mizniT, raTa msajulebma dainaxon,
rom urTierTobis gansakuTrebuli xasiaTis gamo, mowme sarge-
blobs xsenebuli kanonieri uflebamosilebiT.~
msxverplze/dazaralebulze apelireba
miuRebelia msxverplis/dazaralebulis pirovnebaze apeli-

reba, vinaidan aseTi qmedeba ar aris relevanturi sasamarTlo
procesis kanonier miznebTan mimarTebaSi, braldebuls uspobs
samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas da mimarTulia msajulTa
emociebze aramarTebuli zegavlenis moxdenisaken.
101
msajulTa dazaralebulis adgilze dayeneba

1992)64, miuRebelad CaiTvala, prokuroris mowodeba msajulebi-
sadmi, raTa dafiqrebuliyvnen, Tu ra naTeli momavali eqneboda
12 wlis gardacvlils.
saqme: milsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 599 A.2d 775, 787 (D.C. 1991)65,
miuRebelad CaiTvala, prokuroris mowodeba msajulebisadmi,
raTa dafiqrebuliyvnen, Tu ra tkivilsa da tanjvas ganicdida
gaupatiurebis msxverpli.
saqme: diqsoni aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 565 A.2d 72, 76 (D.C. 1989)66,

miuRebelia prokuroris Txovna msajulebisadmi, raTa gaiTval-
iswinon is garemoeba, rom gardacvlilis Svilebi mamis gareSe
unda gaizardon.
saqme: klarki aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 256 A.2d 782, 787 (D.C. 1969)67,
miuRebelia prokurorma msajulebs sTxovos, sakuTari Tavis
msxverplis adgilze warmodgena.

marTlmsajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.6(b), 3-5.8(d) da
3-5.9.
(D.C. 1992)).
65 milsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Mills v. United States 599 A.2d 775, 787 (D.C.
1991)).
66 diqsoni aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Dixon v. United States 565 A.2d 72, 76 (D.C.
1989)).
67 klarki aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Clarke v. United States 256 A.2d 782, 787
(D.C. 1969)).
102
dResaswaulebze apelireba msajulTa emociebze
zemoqmedebisaTvis
saqme: aSS peinis winaaRmdeg, 2 F.3d 706 (6th Cir. 1993)68, mi-
uRebelia prokuroris mier Sobis dResaswaulze apelireba ìm
gaTvliT, rom dazaralebulis mimarT msajulebis Zlieri Tana-
grZnoba gamoiwvios.~

marTlmsajulebis standartebi. standarti: 3-5.6(b), 3-5.8(d) da
305.9.
saxelmwifo braldebis poziciis gaigiveba

dazaralebulTan
saqme: hotorni aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 476 A.2d 164, 172 (D.C.

1984)69, prokuroris mier, gardacvlilis poziciidan movle-
nebis aRwera, SemTxvevamde da SemTxvevis Semdeg, CaiTvala CaiT-
gadaxedvas.

3-5.9.
dazaralebulisa da braldebulis
uflebebis Sedareba
saqme: kaningemi zantis winaaRmdeg, 928 F.2d 1006, 1019-20 (11th
68 aSS peinis winaaRmdeg (United States v. Payne 2 F.3d 706 (6th Cir.
1993)).
69 hotorni aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Hawthorne v. United States 476 A.2d 164,
172 (D.C. 1984).
103
Cir. 1991)70, miuRebelia prokuroris mxridan imgvari gancxadebis
gakeTeba, rom is Seuracxyofilia braldebulis uflebiT –
gasamarTlebul iqnes nafic msajulTa mier.
saqme: bruksi kempis winaaRmdeg, 762 F.2d 1383, 1411 (11th

Cir. 1985)71, miuRebelia prokuroris mier gancxadebis gakeTeba
braldebulis konstituciuri uflebiT sargeblobis Taobaze
da miTiTeba, rom dazaralebuli ar yofila Tanabrad daculi
kanonis mier.

3-5.9.
miTiTeba imaze, rom mosamarTle da braldeba

(saxelmwifo) erT mizans emsaxurebian
saqme: aSS frederikis winaaRmdeg, 78 F.3d 1370, 1380 (9th Cir.

1996)72, prokuroris mimarTva msajulebisadmi, rom `saxelmwifo
braldeba da mosamarTle mouwodeben maT gadawyvetilebis miRebis
procesSi gaiTvaliswinon yvela mtkicebuleba~ (anu, mosamar-
Tlisa da braldebis mxaris erT konteqstSi xseneba), CaiT-
gadaxedvas.

3-5.9.
70 kaningemi zantis winaaRmdeg (Cunningham v. Zant 928 F.2d 1006, 1019-

20 (11th Cir. 1991)).
71 bruksi kempis winaaRmdeg (Brooks v. Kemp 762 F.2d 1383, 1411 (11th
Cir. 1985)).
72 aSS frederikis winaaRmdeg (United States v. Frederick 78 F.3d 1370,
1380 (9th Cir. 1996)).
104
zewola calkeul msajulze an msajulTa
Semadgenlobaze
msajulTa mowodeba `Seasrulon maTze dakisrebuli
funqcia,~ gaswion samsaxuri, Seasrulon sazogadoe-
bis sindisis funqcia, an gamoasworon sazogadoe-
baSi arsebuli ukanonoba
saqme: simonsi samxreT karolinas winaaRmdeg, 512 U.S. 154,

163 (1994)73, miuRebelia prokuroris mier, braldebulis sazoga-
doebriv saSiSroebaze miTiTeba, sasamarTloSi misi braleulo-
bis sakiTxis gadawyvetis etapze.
saqme: aSS iangis winaaRmdeg, 470 U.S. 1, 5-7 (1985)74, miuRe-

blad iqna miCneuli prokuroris Semdegi mimarTva msajulebi-
sadmi: `Tqveni uflebaa gaamarTloT braldebuli, magram me ara
mgonia Tqveni, rogorc msajulebis saqme, kanonis sawinaaRmdego
faqtebis moZieba iyos.~
saqme: viereki aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 318 U.S. 236, 247 (1943)75, mi-
uRebelia prokuroris mimarTva msajulebisadmi: àmerikel xals
Tqveni imedi aqvs qalbatonebo da batonebo, rom daicavT maT
msgavsi danaSaulebisgan. Cven omSi varT. Tqven valdebuli xarT
imoqmedoT.~
saqme: plameri aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 813 A.2d 182, 191(D.C. 2002)76,

miuRebelia prokuroris mier daskvniT sityvaSi `sazogadoebis
sindisze miTiTeba.~
73 simonsi samxreT karolinas winaaRmdeg (Simmons v. South Carolina 512

U.S. 154, 163 (1994)).
74 aSS iangis winaaRmdeg (United States v. Young 470 U.S. 1, 5-7 (1985)).
75 viereki aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Viereck v. United States 318 U.S. 236, 247
(1943)).
76 plameri aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Plummer v. United States 813 A.2d 182,
191(D.C. 2002)).
105
saqme: betli aSS-s winaaRmdeg,754 A.2d 312, 321 (D.C. 2000)77,
miuRebelia prokuroris mimarTva msajulebisadmi, rom vinaid-
an saxelmwifo braldebis mier mowveuli mowmeebi SiSis qveS
iZleodnen Cvenebebs, msajulebma gamamtyunebeli verdiqtis miRe-
biT unda aRasrulon marTlmsajuleba.
saqme: viereki aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 318 U.S. 236, 247 (1943)78,

miuRebelia prokuroris gancxadeba msajulebisadmi, rom _ ès
aris omi. es aris mkacri, sastiki, sisxliani omi.~
replikis uflebiT borotad sargebloba
saqme: Catomi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 801 A.2d 92,101 (D.C. 2002)79,

gansakuTrebiT miuRebelia prokuroris araeTikuri komentarebi
replikis uflebiT sargeblobis dros.
saqme: porteri aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 826 A.2d 398, 409 (D.C.

2003)80, miuRebelia prokuroris mier saqmis axali samarTlebri-
vi Teoriis (magaliTad, rogoricaa danaSaulSi Tanamonawileoba)
pirvelad wamoyeneba, replikis uflebiT sargeblobis dros.
saqme: koreasi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 565 A.2d 594, 600 (D.C. 1989)81,
prokuroris mier replikis uflebiT sargeblobis dros, saqmis
axali Teoriis pirvelad gaJRereba, romelic axal faqtobriv
gareomoebebs eyrdnoboda, CaiTvala imgvar Secdomad, romelic
77 betli aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Battle v. United States 754 A.2d 312, 321 (D.C.
2000)).
78 viereki aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Viereck v. United States 318 U.S. 236, 247
(1943)).
79 Catomi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Chatmon v. United States 801 A.2d 92,101 (D.C.
2002)).
80 porteri aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Porter v. United States 826 A.2d 398, 409
(D.C. 2003)).
81 koreasi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Coreas v. United States 565 A.2d 594, 600 (D.C.
1989)).
106
arRvevs samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas da SeiZleba safuZv-
lad daedos gadawyvetilebis gadaxedvas.
winasasamarTlo Suamdgomloba
winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobis dayeneba, braldebulis kanoniT

garantirebuli uflebebis dacvis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, aSS-Si
miRebuli praqtikaa. dacvis mxares, winasasamarTlo sxdomaze, ufleba
aqvs daayenos Suamdgomloba mosamarTlis winaSe, prokurorisTvis
braldebulis uflebebis da samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebis dar-
Rvevis akrZalvis moTxovniT (prokuroris miuRebeli qceva/braldebis
mxaris usamarTlo taqtika), rogorc Sesavali/daskvniTi sityvebis
warmodgenis dros, aseve sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis nebismier
etapze.
qvemoT mocemulia zemoxsenebuli Suamdgomlobis dasasabuTeblad

saWiro argumentacia, sxvadasxva SemTxvevis gaTvaliswinebiT da aSS-is
kanonmdeblobisa da precedentebis gamoyenebiT. winamdebare qveTavSi,
aseve CarTulia saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobidan amokrebili is normebi,
romlebic Seesabameba mocemul SuamdgomlobaSi ganxilul sakiTxebs
da SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes, analogiuri saxis Suamdgomlo-
bebis dasasabuTeblad, saqarTvelos sasamarTloebSi.
saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 42, nawili I yovel adamians

ufleba aqvs Tavis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dasacavad mim-
arTos sasamarTlos.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 38:

braldebulis ufleba-movaleobani; nawili 14. braldebuls aqvs Sua-
mdgomlobis dayenebis ufleba. nawili 16 – am muxlSi moyvanili
CamonaTvali ar zRudavs braldebulis uflebas, ganaxorcielos
yvela sxva ufleba, romelic mas saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT,
maT Soris, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiT aqvs miniWebuli.
107
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 19 sasamarTlo,
rogorc marTlmsajulebis organo; nawili II – marTlmsajulebis
ganxorcielebaze uaris Tqma dauSvebelia. sasamarTlo valdebu-
lia am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT, gansjadobis mixedviT ganixi-
los sisxlis samarTlis saqme, Suamdgomloba da saCivari.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 219 winasasamarT-

lo sxdoma; nawili IV – winasasamarTlo sxdomis mosamarTle:
a) ganixilavs mxareTa Suamdgomlobebs mtkicebulebaTa

dasaSvebobis Taobaze;
b) ganixilavs Suamdgomlobas aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoy-

enebis, Secvlis an gauqmebis Sesaxeb;
g) ganixilavs Suamdgomlobas saproceso konfiskaciis uz-

runvelyofis mizniT;
d) ganixilavs mxareTa sxva Suamdgomlobebs;
e) wyvets arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis saqmis gadacemis sakiTxs.
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi,
muxli 93 Suamdgomlobis dayenebis ufleba da wesi;
nawili I – mxareebma Suamdgomloba SeiZleba daayenon am

kodeqsiT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi da dadgenili
wesiT, sisxlis samarTlis procesis nebismier stadiaze.
nawili II – Suamdgomloba SeiZleba iyos werilobiTi an

zepiri. werilobiTi Suamdgomloba unda daerTos sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmes. zepiri Suamdgomloba Setanil unda iqnes oqmSi.
nawili VI – sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas Suamdgomlo-
108
bis dasayeneblad da dasasabuTeblad sasamarTlo mxares ganusaz-
Rvravs gonivrul vadas.
nawili VII – sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas dayenebul

SuamdgomlobasTan dakavSirebiT poziciis gamosaxatavad sa-
samarTlo mxares ganusazRvravs gonivrul vadas.
braldebulis uflebebis dacvis uzrunvelyofis mizniT dayeneb-

uli Suamdgomlobis dakmayofileba Tavidan agvacilebs saxelmwifo
braldebis mxridan miuRebeli argumentebis moSveliebis an/da mowmis
miuRebeli saxiT dakiTxvis faqtebs.
aSS-is mecxre olqis saapelacio sasamarTlos ganmartebiT,

zemoxsenebuli winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobis àrsi imaSi md-
gomareobs, rom ar iqnes daSvebuli oponenti mxaris mier iseTi
kiTxvis dasma an imgvari komentaris gaJRereba sasamarTloSi
saqmis ganxilvis, maT Soris, Sesavali/daskvniTi sityvis war-
modgenis dros (an, sxvagvarad msajulebisTvis iseTi informa-
ciis miwodeba), romlis xsenebac ki, Suamdgomlobis avtoris az-
riT, saziano iqneba saqmis SedegisaTvis~. (Barnd v. City of Tacoma,
664 F.2d 1339, 1343 (9th Cir. 1982)82. amis msgavsad (McCormick on
Evidence §52, at 74 (4th ed. 1992)) aSSis sxva sasamarTlo aRniSnavs,
rom àmgvari Suamdgomlobis mizania, daicvas nafici msajulebi
saziano da dauSvebeli mtkicebulebebis miwodebisagan, an Seqmnas
safuZveli strategiuli gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad.~ rogorc
wina TavSi aRvniSneT, sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros, bralmdeb-
lis mier saprokuroro eTikis darRveva (usamarTlo taqtikis
gamoyeneba), rogorc wesi, iwvevs konstituciiT garantirebuli
braldebulis uflebebis uxeS darRvevas da nafici msajulebis
uaryofiTad ganwyobas braldebulis mimarT. am TavSi ganxiluli
Suamdgomlobis winasasamarTlo sxdomaze dayeneba ki, misi da-
kmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi dagvexmareba, raTa Tavidan aviciloT
braldebulis kanonieri uflebebis darRvevis faqti, saxelmwifo
82 barndi qalaq takomas winaaRmdeg (Barnd v. City of Tacoma, 664 F.2d

1339, 1343 (9th Cir. 1982)).
109
bralmdebelisaTvis miuRebeli/dauSvebeli gancxadebis gakeTebis
da/an argumentis moyvanis akrZalvis gziT.
amgvari winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobis dayenebis mizani,

igivea rac mosamarTlis roli sasamarTlo procesze, kerZod, is
uzrunvelyofs braldebulis konstituciuri uflebebis dacvas
sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvis procesSi. aSS-i sasamarT-
loebi didi xania miuTiTeben, rom mosamarTleebs akisriaT pa-
suxismgebloba _ ar dauSvan prokuroris araeTikuri/miuRebeli
saqcieli saqmis ganxilvisas. saqmeze aSS iangis winaaRmdeg83,
aSS-is uzenaesi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi vkiTxulobT,
`xazs vusvamT, rom mosamarTlea pasuxismgebeli uzrunvelyos
dadgenili normebis/wesebis dacva sasamarTlo procesze. igi
ar aris mxolod sasamarTlo sxdomis wamyvani (moderatori),
aramed misi mmarTvelia, imdenad, ramdenadac pasuxismgebelia mis
saTanadod Catarebaze.~ agreTve, saintereso gadawyvetileba iqna
miRebuli saqmeze, mahorni uolmanis winaaRmdeg,84 sadac zemd-
gomma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom dacvis mxaris Suamdgomlobis
dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis sanacvlod, riTic praqtikulad
oficialuri mxardaWera gamoucxada braldebis mxaris aramarTe-
bul argumentacias, mosamarTles unda emoqmeda mis aRsakveTad.
aSS-is uzenaesma sasamarTlom agreTve xazi gausva im faqts,
rom `prokuroris aramarTebulma qcevam SesaZloa, sasamarTlo
imdenad daainficiros ùsamarTlobiT,~ rom Sedegad, saqmeze
miRebuli gamamtyunebeli gadawyvetileba aSkarad Seusabamo aR-
moCndes samarTliani sasamarTlos moTxovnebTan.~ 85
aSS-is federaluri sasamarTloebis msgavsad, kolumbiis

olqis saapelacio sasamarTloc didi xania aRiarebs da xazs
usvams mosamarTlis rols _ aRkveTos prokuroris mxridan
aramarTebuli gancxadebis gakeTebis yvela SemTxveva. saqmeSi To-
83 aSS iangis winaaRmdeg (United States v. Young, 470 U.S. 1, 10 (1985)).

84 mahorni uolmanis winaaRmdeg (Mahorney v. Wallman, 917 F.2d 469, 473
(1Oth Cir. 1990)).
85 grieri mileris winaaRmdeg (Greer v. Miller, 483, U.S. 756, 765 (1987)).
110
masi aSS-s winaaRmdeg,86 saapelacio sasamarTlom dagmo pirve-
li instanciiT saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTlis arasaTanado
(rbili) reaqcia prokuroris aramarTebuli saqcielis mimarT
da xazi gausva, aseT SemTxvevebSi swrafad da gadaWriT mo-
qmedebis aucileblobas. amis msgavsad, aSS-Si sxvadasxva Sta-
tis sasamarTloebsac araerTxel gaumaxvilebiaT yuradReba ima-
ze, rom `pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mosamarTles kargi
SesaZlebloba aqvs saTanadod akontrolos mTlianad procesis
mimdinareoba. mas SeuZlia mosTxovos mxareebs Sewyviton ar-
amarTebuli gancxadebis gakeTeba, xolo nafic msajulebs misces
imgvari miTiTeba, romelic gamoasworebs miuRebeli gancxadebis
Sedegad gamowveul zians.87~ saqmeSi _ saxelmwifo mosis winaaR-
mdeg88, naTqvamia, rom pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom Secdoma
dauSva, ar imoqmeda ra `sua sponte~ (laT. `sakuTari iniciativiT~
– aRniSnavs mosamarTlis qmedebas sakuTari iniciativiT, mxaree-
bis Suamdgomlobis gareSe) arasaTanado gancxadebiT gamowveuli
Sedegis gamosasworeblad. amerikis iuristTa asociaciis, sisx-
lis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis standartebSi ki, pirdapir
aris gansazRvruli, rom `pirveli instanciis sasamrTloa pa-
suxismgebeli, raTa uzrunvelyos, rom nafici msajulebis winaSe
warmodgenili daskvniTi sityva ar gascdes saTanado, misaReb
farglebs.~ 89
braldebis mxare, kanonis safuZvelze ver gaaprotestebs wina-

sasamarTlo Suamdgomlobas, romelic mas mouwodebs _ gakeTebuli
86 Tomasi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Thomas v. United States, 557 A.2d 1296, 1304
(D.C. 1989)).
87 iatesi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Yates v. State, 103 Nev. 200, 205-206, 734 P.2d
1252, 1256 (1987)).
88 saxelmwifo mosis winaaRmdeg (State v. Moss, 376 S.E.2d 569, 574
(W.Va.1988)).
89 amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis
standartebi (ABA Standards for Criminal Justice), prokuraturis funqciebTan
dakavSirebuli standartebi, standarti: 3-5.8
111
gancxadebebi da moyvanili argumentebi Seusabamos kanonis moTxovnebs.
im gansakuTrebuli rolis gaTvaliswinebiT, rasac proku-

ratura asrulebs sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis siste-
maSi, saxelmwifo braldeba ver wava kanonis moTxovnaTa dacviT
dayenebuli winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobis winaaRmdeg da Sesa-
bamisad, ver gaaprotestebs misi dakmayofilebis faqts. saqarT-
velos kanonmdebloba araTu ukrZalavs braldebis mxares, iseTi
aramarTebuli/miuRebeli qmedebis ganxorcielebas, romelzec
wina TavSi gvqonda saubari, aramed avaldebulebs mas uzrun-
velyos braldebulis konstituciuri uflebebis dacva. aSS-is
uzenaesma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom prokurori aris ara mx-
olod erT-erTi dapirispirebuli mxaris, aramed saxelmwifo
xelisuflebis warmomadgenelic, romlis valdebuleba – mar-
Tos miukerZoeblad, iseve mniSvnelovania, rogorc saxelmwifo
marTvis zogadi valdebuleba; Sesabamisad, misi interesia ara
procesis mogeba, aramed marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba.90
aSS-is mecxre olqis sasamarTlom gadawyvetilebaSi, saqmeze _
CrdiloeT marianas kunZulebis Tanamegobroba mendiolas winaaR-
91
mdeg (romelic gauqmda sxva mizezebis gamo92), daadgina, rom
`prokuroris valdebulebaa uzrunvelyos braldebuli samar-
Tliani da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlo procesiT.~ sainteresoa
agreTve, gadawyvetilebebi saqmeebze: hotorni aSS-s winaaRmdeg93
da brauni borgis winaaRmdeg94, sadac naTqvamia, rom prokuroris
roli aris ara is, rom msjavri dasdos pirs, aramed _ miaRwios
braldebulis samarTlian msjavrdebas. imis gaTvaliswinebiT,
90 bergeri aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Berger v. United States, 295 U.S. 78, 88 (1935)).
91 CrdiloeT marianas kunZulebis Tanamegobroba mendiolas winaaRmdeg
(Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands v.Mendiola, 976 F.2d 475, 486 (9th
Cir. 1992)).
92 jorji kamaCos winaaRmdeg (George v. Camacho, 119 F.3d 1393 (9th
Cir.1997)).
93 hotorni aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Hawthorne v. United States, 476 A.2d 164,
173 (D.C. 1984)).
94 brauni borgis winaaRmdeg (Brown v. Borg, 951 F.2d 1011, 1015 (9th Cir.
1991)).
112
rom saqarTvelos konstituciisa da sisxlis samarTlis sapro-
ceso kodeqsis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, prokurori valdebulia
pativi sces braldebulis uflebebs da xeli Seuwyos maT re-
alizaciaSi, saxelmwifo braldebas ar aqvs kanonieri safuZveli
gaasaCivros an winaaRmdegi iyos, dacvis mxaris mier dayeneb-
uli, amgvari winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebisa.
braldebis mxare ra Tqma unda, ver daiwyebs imis mtkicebas,
rom prokurorebs aqvT ufleba Caidinon miuRebeli saqcieli;
saxelmwifo braldeba verc imas idavebs, rom sasamarTlom ar
unda daakmayofilos Suamdgomloba, romelic Seesabamaba kanons
da romlis Sesrulebac savaldebuloa prokurorisaTvis. aseve,
sasamarTlo, Tavis mxriv ver CaTvlis, rom prokurorebi da-
icaven maTze dakisrebul valdebulebebs am mimarTulebiT da ver
gaiziarebs saxelmwifo braldebis arguments imis Taobaze, rom
winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobis dakmayofileba ar aris saWiro,
rameTu prokurorebma kargad ician sakuTari eTikuri valdebule-
bebis Sesaxeb.
moqmedebebi, romelTa ganxorcieleba moeTxoveba sasamarTlos saq-

mis ganxilvis etapze, braldebis mxaris mier braldebulis uflebebis
darRvevis SemTxvevaSi.
Tu sisxlis samarTlis saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvis pro-

cesSi, braldebis mxare daarRvevs braldebulis uflebebs,
prokuroris sasamarTlosadmi upativcemulobaSi dadanaSaulebis
garda, braldebuli aseve, uflebamosilia mosTxovos sasamarT-
los Semdegi qmedebebis ganxorcieleba:
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu prokurori daarRvevs braldebulis

uflebebs da Caidens imgvar aramarTebul saqciels, romelsac
garkveulwilad, SevexeT wina TavSi moyvanili sasamarTlo
gadawyvetilebebiT, saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTle valdebulia
moaxdinos adekvaturi reagireba braldebulis uflebebis dac-
vis uzrunvelyofis mizniT da nafic msajulebs misces saTanado
113
instruqciebi, raTa moxdes bralmdeblis aramarTebuli qceviT
gamowveuli zianis gamosworeba. sasamarTlos mier mxolod ima-
ze miTiTeba, rom msajulebma ar gaiTvaliswinon prokuroris
aramarTebuli saqcieli (gancxadeba), ver iqneba miCneuli adekva-
tur reagirebad da SesaZloa ufro metadac ki daamZimos proku-
roris aramarTebuli qceviT miyenebuli ziani. arasasurveli
Sedegis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, mosamarTlem minimum, garkve-
viT unda auxsnas nafic msajulebs, Tu ra faqts hqonda adgili
sasamarTlo procesze da ra saxis darRveva Caidina prokurorma.
es niSnavs, rom man unda gasagebad ganumartos msajulebs, rom
prokurori Seecada maTze zemoqmedebis moxdenas dauSvebeli da
arakanonieri meTodiT da Sesabamisad, maT mier amgvari aramarTe-
buli qcevis Sedegad miRebuli informaciis, raime formiT gaT-
valiswineba gadawyvetilebis miRebis porcesSi, gamoiwvevs _
nafici msajulis, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli movaleobis uxeS
darRvevas.
amrigad, Tu sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom mas ZaluZs gamoas-

woros prokuroris aramarTebuli qcevis Sedegad miyenebuli
ziani msajulebisTvis axsna-ganmartebiTi miTiTebis micemis gziT,
man dauyovnebliv unda `gaakeTos gancxadeba msajulebis misamar-
TiT, romelic sruliad daabalansebs braldebulis interesebi-
saTvis prokuroris gancxadebiT miyenebul zians.~ 95magaliTad,
saqmeze: xalxi boltonis winaaRmdeg96, prokuroris daskvniT
sityvaSi gaiJRera miniSnebam braldebulis warsulSi nasamarT-
lobasTan dakavSirebiT, rasac sinamdvileSi adgili ar hqonia.
sasamarTlom am SemTxvevaSi miiCnia ra, rom am darRvevis Sedegad
miyenebuli zianis gamosworeba SesaZlebeli iyo Sesabamisi axsna-
ganmartebis micemis gziT, man nafic msajulebs Semdegi Sinaarsis
sityviT mimarTa:
95 xalxi boltonis winaaRmdeg (People v. Bolton, 23 Cal. 3d 208, 589 P.2d

396, 400 n. 5 (1970)).
96 xalxi boltonis winaaRmdeg (People v. Bolton, 23 Cal. 3d 208, 589 P.2d
396, 400 n. 5 (1970)).
114
`qalbatonebo da batonebo, pativcemulo msajulebo, proku-
rorma es-es aris gaakeTa garkveuli miuRebeli miniSnebebi bral-
debulis Taobaze. minda icodeT, rom bralmdebels ar gaaCnia
araviTari mtkicebuleba, rac daadasturebda mis mier miniSnebu-
li faqtis WeSmaritebas. prokuroris es miuRebeli gancxadeba,
uTanabrdeba mcdelobas, raTa uaryofiTad gangawyoT bralde-
bulis mimarT. Tu Tqven gaiziarebdiT am dausabuTebel insinu-
aciebs (monaWori) da amis safuZvelze gaamtyunebdiT bralde-
buls, mogviwevda arSemdgari sasamarTlo procesis gamocxadeba.
Sesabamisad, mogiwodebT, rom Tqven unda ugulebelyoT es miuRe-
beli da dausabuTebeli gancxadebebi.~
daskvna
rogorc dasawyisSive aRvniSneT, prokurorTa umetesoba

icavs dadgenil wesebs da samarTlianad warmoadgens saqmes sa-
samarTloSi, Tumca praqtikaSi gvxvdeba SemTxvevebi, rodesac
braldebis mxaris mier xdeba dadgenili wesebis darRveva daS-
vebuli Secdomebis Tu sakuTari poziciis mtkicebis procesSi
moWarbebuli enTuziazmis gamo. xSir SemTxvevaSi, saqme gvaqvs
braldebulis uflebebis imgvar darRvevebTan, romlebic xels
uSlian nafic msajulTa mier samarTliani da miukerZoebeli
gadawyvetilebis miRebas. winamdebare Tavis pirvel nawilSi
ganxilul iqna aSS-is sasamarTlo praqtika, sadac asaxulia is
konkretuli SemTxvevebi, rodesac prokuroris esa Tu is qceva,
mosamarTlis mier miCneul iqna miuReblad da braldebulis
uflebebis uxeS darRvevad. aRniSnuli dagexmarebaT, SeiqmnaT
zogadi warmodgena imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra SeiZleba CaiTvalos
prokuroris mxridan braldebulis uflebebis imgvar darRvevad,
romelmac SesaZloa TqvenTvis, rogorc dacvis mxarisTvis, arasa-
surveli Sedegi gamoiwvios.
ismis kiTxva: rogor aviciloT Tavidan prokuroris miuRe-

beli saqcieliT gamowveuli arasasurveli Sedegi?
115
aSS-is saukeTeso praqtikis Tanaxmad, amgvari Sedegis Tavi-
dan acilebis yvelaze efeqturi saSualebaa:
a) winasasamarTlo sxdomaze aRZruli Suamdgomlobis safuZvel-

ze moipovoT mosamarTlis ganCineba, romelic winaswar gaafrTxilebs
prokurors, raTa ar moxdes braldebulis uflebebisa da samarTliani
sasamarTlos uflebis darRveva saqmis ganxilvis mimdinareobisas;
b) iyoT srul mzadyofnaSi, raTa Sesabamisi darRvevis dafiq-

sirebisTanave, moaxdinoT reagireba da droulad ganacxadoT pro-
testi. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom winaswar mopovebuli ganCinebis
upiratesoba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom izrdeba Tqven mier gacxade-
buli protestis dakmayofilebis Sansebi, ris Semdgomac Tqven
saSualeba mogecemaT sTxovoT mosamarTles misces saTanado
ganmartebebi da Sesabamisi instruqciebi waukiTxos nafic msa-
julTa mTel Semadgenlobas.
116

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Sesavali sityva, daskvniTi sityva

OPENING STATEMENT, CLOSING ARGUMENT

OPENING STATEMENT, CLOSING ARGUMENT

`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA

winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo momzadda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kan-

saxelmZRvanelos momzadeba, redaqtireba da qarTul enaze Targmna Sesa-

mamuka mamacaSvili (samxareo direqtoris moadgile);

`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA

© amerikis iuristTa asociacia

`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA

winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo Seiqmna `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uze-

Mamuka Mamatsashvili, Deputy Country Director

© American Bar Association

`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA

`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA

`amerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA

`amerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA

`amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ madlobas

strategiulad gasaTvaliswinebeli sakiTxebi

Sesavali sityva (mkvlelobis saqmeebze)....................................... 28

daskvniTi sityva (mkvlelobis saqmeebze).................................... 50

braldebulis uflebebis dacva sisxlis

2009 wlis 9 oqtombers, axali sisxlis samarTlis sap-

SejibrebiTobis sistemis farglebSi TiToeuli mxare war-

1 momzadebulia deniel linhardtis mier `amerikis iuristTa asocia-

saqmis warmatebulad warmodgenisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvnelo-

qvemoT mocemuli masala moicavs ZiriTad informacias sa-

sasamarTlo procesis mogebis an wagebis umniSvnelovanesi

saqmis Sesavali sityva _ es aris sasamarTlo procesis is

2 momzadebulia deniel linhardtis mier `amerikis iuristTa asocia-

Sesavali sityva sami aspeqtisgan Sedgeba: (1) Tema, (2) ambavi/

Tema es aris erTi an ori winadadebisgan Semdgari gancxadeba,

_ `es aris saqme SurisZiebis Sesaxeb.~

_ `merabi simdidresa da bednierebaze ocnebobda, rogorc

_`fulis siyvaruli yvelanairi siborotis safuZvelia da

_ `es aris saqme SecdomiT amocnobisa da sxva adamianisTvis

_ `am saqmeSi namdvili dazaralebuli TviTon braldebulia.~

pirveli STabeWdileba didxans Zlebs. Sesavali sityvis da-

Temisa da Semdgom ambis gadmocemisas, prokurorma/advokatma

ambavi _ es ubralod saqmis Teoriaa, anu sxvagvarad rom

`iraklisa da daTos Soris problemebs hqonda adgili. 2010

frTxilad iyaviT da gaxsovdeT auditoria. Tu saqmes mx-

warmatebuli Sesavali sityvis mesame elementi imaSi mdgo-

Sesavali sityvis Semdegi elementi mdgomareobs mosamar-

`braldebis mxare qeTevans gamoiZaxebs. yuradRebiT usmineT

zemoaRniSnulis Sedegad mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs

efeqturi Sesavali sityva ar aris Zalian grZeli, magram

strategiulad gasaTvaliswinebeli sakiTxebi

1. ar ikamaToT saqmis Sesaxeb, es daskvniTi sityvisTvis SemoinaxeT

Sesavali sityva Seicavs gancxadebebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras

manqana 45-kilometrian Sez- igi giJiviT atarebda da mTel

oficeri ganacxadebs,rom saRi azri gikarnaxebT, rom

amas dro sWirdeba, magram gamocdili prokurori/advokati

2. nu gaazviadebT mtkicebulebebis mniSvnelobas

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, prokuroris/advokatis damajereblo-

3. ifiqreT Sesavali sityvis dros nivTieri

winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos erT-erTi Tavi eTmoba nivTieri

4. mzad iyaviT saqmeSi arsebuli sisusteebisaTvis

prokurori/advokati nebayoflobiT aRiarebs Tu ara saqme-