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Grammar Overview Turkish
Grammar Overview Turkish
INFINITIVE
2nd person singular: verb stem (negated: verb stem + -me/-ma)
2nd person plural: verb stem + -ın, -in, -un, -ün (negated: insert -me/-ma)
PLURAL: -ler/-lar
TO BE
1st person singular (I am): -(y)im / -(y)ım / -(y)um / -(y)ün
2nd person singular (you are): -sin / -sın / -sun / -sün
3rd person singular (he/she/it is): -dir / -dır / -dur / -dür
1st person Plural (we are): -(y)iz / (y)ız / -(y)uz / -(y)üz
2nd person Plural (you (plural or polite form) are): -siniz / -sınız / -sunuz / -sünüz
3rd person Plural (they are): -dirler / -dırlar / -durlar / -dürler
(negated: değil + suffix)
TO HAVE
possessive suffix + var (negated: possessive suffix + yok)
NECESSITY FORM
-meli/-malı (negated: -memeli / -mamalı)
OPTATIVE
1st person singular: -(a)yım / -(e)yim
1st person plural: -(a)lım / -(e)lim
CONDITIONAL
-se / -sa (negated: -mese / -masa)
PASSIVE
-ıl-, -il- , -ul-, -ül- (negated: -ılma-, -ilme- , -ulma-, -ülme-)
verb stem ending with l: -ın-, -in-, -un-, -ün- (negated: -ınma-, -inme-, -unma-, -ünme-)
REFLEXIVE
-ın-, -in-, -un-, -ün- (negated: -ınma-, -inme-, -unma-, -ünme-)
SITUATIONAL ABILITY
-(y)ebilir / -(y)ebilir (negated: (y)eme(z) / -(y)ama(z) )
RELATIVE CLAUSES:
dik-PARTICIPLE
-dık, -dik, -duk, -dük (-tık, -tik, -tuk, -tük) (negated: -madık, -medik (-matık, -metik) )
(y)en-PARTICIPLE
-(y)en / -(y)an (negated: -me(y)en / -ma(y)an)
(y)ecek-PARTICIPLE
-(y)ecek / -(y)acak (negated: -me(y)ecek / -ma(y)acak)
(y)ip-PARTICIPLE
-(y)ip, -(y)ıp, -(y)up, -(y)üp