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Chapter 3 - Beam DesignA - 2014 Student
Chapter 3 - Beam DesignA - 2014 Student
BFC 43003
Structural Steel and Timber Design
dyeoh touch 2014 beam design part a 1
Course content
Chapter
1 Introduction to structural steel design
2 Connection
3 Beam
4 Column
5 Truss
6 Portal frame
7 Timber beam and column
dyeoh touch 2014 beam design part a 2
Outline of lecture
• Understand load distribution in floor beam
• Laterally restrained beams
• Laterally unrestrained beams
• Lateral torsional buckling
• Buckling resistance
dyeoh touch 2014 beam design part a
Intro part B 3
Understand load distribution in
floor beam
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2‐way slab
load on
floor beams
Ly/Lx ≤ 2.0
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1‐way slab
load on
floor beams
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From actual
loads to SFD
and BMD
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Type of steel beam construction
• Laterally restrained beam
• Laterally unrestrained beam
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Laterally restrained beams
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Restrained beams are beams that do not fail by
lateral instability
• Compression flange is held
• Resistance to lateral‐torsional buckling is
adequate
Design checks in Restrained Beams
• Lateral restraint force
• Bending and shear capacity in section
• Web bearing and buckling capacity at supports
and at where concentrated loads occur
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EC3 does not give specific definition
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Example of full restraints
• In‐situ slab cast on the top flange
• Precast slab supported directly onto top
flange
• Steel plate floor welded or bolted to flange
with close spacing
• Bracing elements closely spaced providing
small minor axis slenderness
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Design checks for laterally restrained beam
• Shear resistance, Clause 6.2.6
• Bending moment resistance, Clause 6.2.5
• Deflection
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Shear resistance inequalities, Clause 6.2.6
VEd ≤ Vc , Rd
• Plastic shear resistance, Vpl,Rd =
• Elastic shear resistance, Vel,Rd =
• Shear buckling resistance, hw
>
tw
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Shear Area, Av =
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Shear buckling in thin web
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Bending resistance inequalities, Clause 6.2.5
M Ed ≤ M c , Rd
• Class 1 or 2, Mc,Rd = Mpl,Rd =
• Class 3, Mc,Rd = Mel,Rd =
• Class 4, Mc,Rd =
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EXAMPLE – Restrained Beam
• Steel Construction Institute SCI Student
Worked Example
• Pages 21 to 25
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Recap what have we learned?
dyeoh touch 2014 beam design part a
Intro part B 22
Laterally unrestrained beams
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Know the concept
• An unrestrained beam
member that is
slender, when loaded
in the major axis will
fail in buckling in the
minor axis
• This failure is called
out‐of‐plane buckling
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Laterally unrestrained I‐beam is at risk to fail in
“LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING” or LTB
LTB involves two effects: (1) lateral deflection
and (2) twisting
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Cases where LTB does not happen
• I‐beam with minor axis bending
• Fully restrained beams
• CHS, SHS, and square or circular bars section
• λLT < 0.2 for welded section
• λLT < 0.4 for hot rolled section
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Check Buckling Resistance between points of lateral
restraints (EC3 Clause 6.3.2)
M Ed ≤ M b ,Rd
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Design buckling resistance (EC3 Clause 6.3.2.1)
M b ,Rd =
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Design buckling resistance: 3 methods
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Step‐by‐step design buckling resistance
Base Method
USE SIMPLIFIED
CONSERVATIVE
APPROACH
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Step‐by‐step design buckling resistance
Base Method
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LTB Curves a, b, c, d (graph not given in EC3)
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Elastic critical moment, Mcr (uniform moment)
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Non‐dimensional slenderness
SIMPLIFIED CONSERVATIVE APPROACH
1
λ LT = UVλ z β w
C1
λ λz =
L
; λ1 = π
E
λz = z
λ1 iz fy
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Non‐dimensional slenderness
IN MOST CONSERVATIVE
L
iz
λ LT = for S275
96
L
iz
λ LT = for S355
85
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C1 Values for transverse loading
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C1 Values for end moments
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EXAMPLE – Unrestrained Beam
• Steel Construction Institute SCI Student
Worked Example
• Pages 27 to 32
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Recap what have we learned?
dyeoh touch 2014 beam design part a
Intro part B 42