Correlation Coefficients Continuous

Nominal
Note: for
general
explanation
representation
of nominal data Ordinal Interval Ratio
use Chi- True Artificial Non-
Square Test of Dichotomous Dichotomous Dichotomous
Independence,
Contingency
Coefficient
(for k
categories)
Gamma
True Phi Phi Correlation Point Biserial Correlation
Dichotomous Coefficient Coefficient (Goodman and
Artificial Phi Kruskal)
Tetrachoric
Nominal Dichotomous Coefficient
Theta (for
dichotomous Biserial Correlation
Non-
Cramer’s V and ordered
Dichotomous categorical
data)
Spearman Rank (best choice)
Other coefficients
 Kendall’s Tau Coefficient
Gamma Correlation
Ordinal  Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance
(Goodman and Kruskal)
(k samples)
 Somer’s D for ordered categorical
variable
Spearman Rank (best choice)
Interval Other coefficients Pearson R Pearson R
Continuous  Kendall’s Tau Coefficient
Ratio  Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance (k samples) Pearson R Pearson R
Somer’s D for ordered categorical variable
 Significance of Difference Nominal Ordinal Interval/Ratio

z-test

Chi-square goodness-of Kolmogorov-Smirnov t-test (if population SD in

One Sample
fit test of goodness-of-fit known)(use preferably in
behavioral
research)(Student’s test)

Mann-Whitney U Test

Kolmogorov-Smirnov for
Chi-square test of t-test for independent
Independent Sample two Samples
independence sample
Two-Sample Wald-Wolfowitz for two
sample

t-test for related/paired

McNemar Test (for Wilcoxon-Signed Rank
Dependent Sample sample
dichotomous samples) Test
Sandler’s A test

F test One-way ANOVA (1

Kruskal-Wallis H-test Independent Variable)
Chi-square test of
Independent Sample
independence
Jonckheere - Terpstra test F-test Two-way ANOVA (2
k-Sample independent Variable)

Cochran Q-test (for F test ANOVA for repeated

Dependent Sample Friedman ANOVA
dichotomous samples) treatments
*dependent/related/paired