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Notes Important Questions Answers 12th Math Chapter 6 Exercise 6.1
Notes Important Questions Answers 12th Math Chapter 6 Exercise 6.1
Notes Important Questions Answers 12th Math Chapter 6 Exercise 6.1
1 (Solutions)
MathCity.org Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12
Page # 255
2 2
⇒ (x + g) +(y+ f ) = g2 + f 2 − c
FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 2
2
⇒ ( x − (− g ) )
2
+ ( y − (− f ) )
2
= ( 2
g + f −c 2
)
This is equation of circle in standard form with
centre at ( − g , − f ) and radius = g 2 + f 2 − c
Question # 1
In each of the following, find an equation of the circle with
(a) centre ( 5, −2 ) and radius 4 (b) centre ( )
2, −3 3 and radius 2 2
(c) ends of a diameter at ( −3,2 ) and ( 5, −6 ) .
Solution
(a) Given: centre C ( h, k ) = ( 5, −2 ) , radius = r = 4
Equation of circle:
2 2
( x − h) + ( y − k ) = r2
2 2 2
⇒ ( x − 5) + ( y + 2) = ( 4)
⇒ x 2 − 10 x + 25 + y 2 + 4 y + 4 = 16
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 10 x + 4 y + 25 + 4 − 16 = 0
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 10 x + 4 y + 13 = 0
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FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 3
(c) x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 4 y + 13 = 0 (d) 4 x 2 + 4 y 2 − 8 x + 12 y − 25 = 0
Solution
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 12 x − 10 y = 0
Here 2 g = 12 , 2 f = −10 , c = 0
⇒ g =6 , f = −5
So centre = ( − g , − f ) = ( −6,5 )
Radius = g2 + f 2 − c = (6) 2 + (−5) 2 − 0
= 36 + 25 = 61
(b) 5 x 2 + 5 y 2 + 14 x + 12 y − 10 = 0
14 12
⇒ x2 + y 2 + x + y − 2 = 0 ÷ing by 5
5 5
14 12
Here 2 g = , 2f = , c = −2
5 5
7 6
⇒ g= , f =
5 5
7 6
Centre = ( − g , − f ) = − , −
5 5
2 2
2 2 7 6
Radius = g + f −c = 5 + 5 − (−2)
49 36 27 3
= + +2 = = 3
25 25 5 5
points B
r
(a) A ( 4,5 ) , B ( −4, −3) , C ( 8, −3) r
r C
(b) A ( −7,7 ) , B ( 5, −1) , C (10,0 ) H
(c) A ( a,0 ) , B ( 0, b ) , C ( 0,0 ) (d)
A ( 5,6 ) , B ( −3,2 ) , C ( 3, −4 )
Solution
Given: A ( 4,5 ) , B ( −4, −3) , C ( 8, −3)
Let H ( h, k ) be centre and r be radius of circle, then
AH = BH = CH = r
2 2 2
⇒ AH = BH = CH = r2
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FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 4
2 2 2 2 2 2
⇒ ( h − 4 ) + ( k − 5 ) = ( h + 4 ) + ( k + 3) = ( h − 8 ) + ( k + 3) = r 2 …… (i)
From eq. (i)
2 2 2 2
( h − 4 ) + ( k − 5 ) = ( h + 4 ) + ( k + 3)
⇒ h 2 − 8h + 16 + k 2 − 10k + 25 = h 2 + 8h + 16 + k 2 + 6k + 9
⇒ h 2 − 8h + 16 + k 2 − 10k + 25 − h 2 − 8h − 16 − k 2 − 6k − 9 = 0
⇒ − 16h − 16k + 16 = 0 ⇒ h + k − 1 = 0 …………. (ii)
Again from (i)
2 2 2 2
( h + 4 ) + ( k + 3) = ( h − 8 ) + ( k + 3)
2 2
⇒ ( h + 4) = ( h − 8) ⇒ h 2 + 8h + 16 = h 2 − 16h + 64
⇒ h 2 + 8h + 16 − h 2 + 16h − 64 = 0
⇒ 24h − 48 = 0 ⇒ 24h = 48 ⇒ h = 2
Putting value of h in (ii)
2 + k −1 = 0 ⇒ k +1 = 0 ⇒ k = −1
Again from (i)
2 2
r2 = ( h − 4 ) + ( k − 5)
2 2
= ( 2 − 4 ) + ( −1 − 5 ) ∵ h=2, k = −1
2 2
= ( −2 ) + ( −6 ) = 4 + 36 = 40 ⇒ r = 40
Now equation of circle with centre at H ( 2, −1) & r = 40
2
( x − 2 ) + ( y + 1) = ( 40 )
2 2
⇒ x 2 − 4 x + 4 + y 2 + 2 y + 1 = 40 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 4 x + 2 y + 4 + 1 − 40 = 0
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 4 x + 2 y − 35 = 0 Ans. A
B
(b) Given: A ( −7,7 ) , B ( 5, −1) , C (10,0 ) r
r
Let H ( h, k ) be centre and r be radius of circle, then r C
H
AH = BH = CH = r
2 2 2
⇒ AH = BH = CH = r2
2 2 2 2 2 2
⇒ ( h + 7 ) + ( k − 7 ) = ( h − 5 ) + ( k + 1) = ( h − 10 ) + ( k − 0 ) = r 2 ……. (i)
From equation (i) we have
2 2 2 2
( h + 7 ) + ( k − 7 ) = ( h − 10 ) + ( k − 0 )
⇒ h 2 + 14h + 49 + k 2 − 14k + 49 = h 2 − 20h + 100 + k 2
⇒ h 2 + 14h + 49 + k 2 − 14k + 49 − h 2 + 20h − 100 − k 2 = 0
⇒ 34h − 14k − 2 = 0 ⇒ 17 h − 7 k − 1 = 0 ………. (ii)
Again from (i)
2 2 2 2
( h − 5 ) + ( k + 1) = ( h − 10 ) + ( k − 0 )
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FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 5
2 2 2 2 2 2
⇒ ( h − a ) + ( k − 0) = ( h − 0) + ( k − b ) = ( h − 0) + ( k − 0) = r 2
2 2
⇒ ( h − a ) + k 2 = h 2 + ( k − b ) = h 2 + k 2 = r 2 …………….. (i)
From equation (i)
2
( h − a ) + k 2 = h 2 + k 2 ⇒ h 2 − 2ha + a 2 + k 2 = h 2 + k 2
a2 a
⇒ − 2ha + a 2
= 0 ⇒ − 2ha = − a 2
⇒ h = ⇒ h=
2a 2
Again from equation (i)
2
h2 + ( k − b ) = h2 + k 2
⇒ h 2 + k 2 − 2bk + b 2 = h 2 + k 2 ⇒ − 2bk + b 2 = 0
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FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 6
b2 b
⇒ 2bk = b 2
⇒ k = ⇒ k =
2b 2
Again from equation (i)
r 2 = h2 + k 2
2 2
a b a 2 b2 a2 b2
= + = + ⇒ r = +
2 2 4 4 4 4
a b a2 + b2
Now equation of circle with centre , and radius
2 2 2
2
2
a b a 2 b2
x − 2 + y − 2 = 4 + 4
2 2 2
a b a b2
⇒ x − ax + + y − by +
2 2
= +
4 4 4 4
2 2 2 2
a b a b
⇒ x 2 − ax + + y 2 − by + − − = 0 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − ax − by = 0
4 4 4 4
Alternative Method
Given point on circle: A ( a,0 ) , B ( 0, b ) , C ( 0,0 )
Consider an equation of circle in standard form
x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 ………. (i)
Since A ( a,0 ) lies on circle, therefore
(a ) 2 + (0)2 + 2 g (a ) + 2 f (0) + c = 0
⇒ a 2 + 2 ga + c = 0 ……. (ii)
Also B ( 0, b ) lies on the circle, then
(0) 2 + (b) 2 + 2 g (0) + 2 f (b) + c = 0
⇒ b 2 + 2 fb + c = 0 …………. (iii)
Also C ( 0,0 ) lies on the circle, therefore
(0) 2 + (0) 2 + 2 g (0) + 2 f (0) + c = 0 ⇒ c = 0
Putting value of c in (ii)
a2 a
a 2 + 2 ga + 0 = 0 ⇒ 2ga = − a 2 ⇒ g = − ⇒ g = −
2a 2
Putting value of c in (iii)
b 2 + 2 fb + 0 = 0 ⇒ 2 fb = − b 2
b2 b
⇒ f = − ⇒ f = −
2b 2
Putting value of g , f and c in (i)
a b
x2 + y2 + 2 − x + 2 − y + 0 = 0
2 2
[
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − ax − by = 0
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FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 7
Question # 4
In each of the following, find an equation of the B
A
circle passes through
(a) A ( 3, −1) , B ( 0,1) and have centre at l
4x − 3y − 3 = 0
C(h,k)
(b) A ( −3,1) with radius 2 and centre at
2x − 3y + 3 = 0
(c) A ( 5,1) and tangent to the line 2 x − y − 10 = 0
at B ( 3, −4 )
(d) A (1, 4 ) , B ( −1,8 ) and tangent to the line x + 3 y − 3 = 0
Solution
(a) Given: A ( 3, −1) , B ( 0,1)
l : 4x − 3y − 3 = 0
Let C ( h, k ) be centre and r be radius of circle
∵ A & B lies on circle
∴ CA = CB = r
2 2 2 2
⇒ ( h − 3) + ( k + 1) = ( h − 0 ) + ( k − 1) = r …….. (i)
2 2 2
⇒ ( h − 3) + ( k + 1) = h 2 + ( k − 1) on squaring
⇒ h 2 − 6h + 9 + k 2 + 2 k + 1 = h 2 + k 2 − 2k + 1
⇒ h 2 − 6h + 9 + k 2 + 2k + 1 − h 2 − k 2 + 2 k − 1 = 0
⇒ − 6h + 4k + 9 = 0 ……… (ii)
Now since C ( h, k ) lies on given equation l
∴ 4h − 3k − 3 = 0 ……… (iii)
×ing equation (ii) by 3 & (iii) by 4 then adding
−18h + 12k + 27 = 0
16h −12 k − 12 = 0
− 2h + 15 = 0
15
⇒ 2h = 15 ⇒ h =
2
Putting in (iii)
15
4 − 3k − 3 = 0 ⇒ 30 − 3k − 3 = 0
2
⇒ − 3k + 27 = 0 ⇒ 3k = 27 ⇒ k = 9
Now from eq. (i)
2
r = h 2 + ( k − 1)
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FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 8
2
15 2 225 448
= 2 + ( 9 − 1) =
4
+ 64 =
4
15 481
Now equation of circle with centre at C ( h, k ) = ,9 and radius
2 4
2
15
2
2 481
x − 2 + ( y − 9) = 4
225 481
⇒ x 2 − 15 x + + y 2 − 18 y + 81 − = 0
4 4
⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 15 x − 18 y + 17 = 0
r =2
Since A ( −3,1) lies on circle
C(h,k)
∴ r = AC
2 2
⇒ 2 = ( h + 3) + ( k − 1)
2 2
⇒ 4 = ( h + 3) + ( k − 1)
⇒ 4 = h 2 + 6h + 9 + k 2 − 2k + 1 ⇒ h 2 + 6h + 9 + k 2 − 2k + 1 − 4 = 0
⇒ h 2 + 6h + 9 + k 2 − 2k − 3 = 0 …….. (i)
Since centre C ( h, k ) lies on l
∴ 2h − 3k + 3 = 0
3k − 3
⇒ 2h = 3k − 3 ⇒ h = ………. (ii)
2
Putting value of h in (i)
2
3k − 3 2 3k − 3
2 + k + 6 2 − 2k + 6 = 0
9k 2 − 18k + 9
⇒ + k 2 + 9k − 9 − 2k + 6 = 0
4
⇒ 9k − 18k + 9 + 4k 2 + 36k − 36 − 8k + 24 = 0
2
×ing by 4
⇒ 13k 2 + 10k − 3 = 0 ⇒ 13k 2 + 13k − 3k − 3 = 0
⇒ 13k ( k + 1) − 3 ( k + 1) = 0 ⇒ ( k + 1)(13k − 3) = 0
3
⇒ k = −1 or k = , Putting value of k in (ii)
13
3(−1) − 3
h = 3 ( 313) − 3
2 h =
−6 2
= 9 −3 − 30
2 13 13 = −15
= −3 = =
2 2 13
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⇒ − , is centre of circle.
13 13
FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 9
21
h + 2 + 5 = 0 ⇒ h + 21 + 5 = 0
2
⇒ h + 26 = 0 ⇒ h = − 26
Now from eq. (i)
2 2
r = ( h − 3) + ( k + 4)
2 2
( −26 − 3) + 2 + 4 ( −29 ) + 2
21 2 229
= =
841 4205
= 841 + =
4 4
21 4205
Now equation of circle with centre at −26, and radius
2 4
2
2 21
2
4205
( x + 26 ) + y − 2 = 4
441 4205
⇒ x 2 + 52 x + 676 + y 2 − 21 y + − = 0
4 4
⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 52 x − 21y − 265 = 0
2 2
⇒ r = (14 − 1) + (13 − 4 ) 2 2
= ( 2 − 1) + (5 − 4)
2 2
= (13) + (9) = 169 + 81 = 1+1 = 2
= 250 Now eq. of circle with centre ( 2,5 )
Now eq. of circle with centre (14,13) and radius 2
2
and radius 170
2
2
( x − 2) + ( y − 5) =
2
( ) 2
( x − 14 )
2
+ ( y − 13) =
2
( 250 ) ⇒ ( x − 2)
2 2
+ ( y − 5) = 2
2 2
⇒ ( x − 14 ) + ( y − 13) = 250
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FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 12
Question # 5 y
So equation of circle
2 2
( x − (−a ) ) + ( y − a ) = (a) 2
⇒ x 2 + 2ax + a 2 + y 2 − 2ay + a 2 − a 2 = 0
⇒ x 2 + y 2 + 2ax − 2ay + a 2 = 0
Question # 6
Show that the lines 3 x − 2 y = 0 and 2 x + 3 y − 13 = 0 are tangents to the circle
x2 + y2 + 6x − 4 y = 0
Solution
Suppose
l1
l1 : 3 x − 2 y = 0
l2 : 2 x + 3 y − 13 = 0
S : x2 + y2 + 6x − 4 y = 0
From S C( – 3,2)
2g = 6 , 2 f = − 4 , c = 0
⇒ g = 3 , f = −2 ,
Centre C ( − g , − f ) = C ( −3, 2 )
Radius = r = g2 + f 2 − c
= (3) 2 + (−2) 2 − 0
= 9 + 4 = 0 = 13
Now to check l1 is tangent to circle, we find
3(−3) − 2(2) + 0
⊥ ar distance of l1 from centre =
(3) 2 + (−2) 2
−9−4 − 13 13
= = =
9+4 13 13
= 13 = radius of circle
⇒ l1 is tangent to given circle.
Now to check l2 is tangent to circle, let
2(−3) + 3(2) − 13
⊥ ar distance of l2 from centre =
(2) 2 + (3) 2
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FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 13
− 6 + 6 − 13 − 13
= =
4+9 13
13
= = 13 = Radius of circle
13
⇒ l2 is also tangent to given circle.
[[
C1C2 = r2 − r1
Question # 7
Show that the circles
x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 2 y − 7 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 4 y + 9 = 0 touch externally.
Solution
Let S1 : x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 2 y − 7 = 0
S2 : x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 4 y + 9 = 0
For S1 : r1 r2
2 g = 2 , 2 f = −2 , c = −7 C1 C2
⇒ g =1 , f = −1 ,
Let C1 be centre and r1 be radius of circle S1 , S1
S2
then
C1 ( − g , − f ) = C1 ( −1,1)
Radius = r1 = g2 + f 2 − c
= (1) 2 + (−1)2 − (−7) = 1+1+ 7 = 9 = 3
For S2 :
2 g = −6 , 2 f = 4 , c = 9
⇒ g = −3 , f =2
Let C2 be centre and r2 be radius of circle S2 then
C2 ( − g , − f ) = C2 ( 3, −2 )
Radius = r2 = g2 + f 2 − c
= (−3) 2 + (2) 2 − 9 = 9+ 4−9 = 4 = 2
Now circles touch each other externally if
C1C2 = r1 + r2
⇒ (3 + 1) 2 + (−2 − 1) 2 = 3 + 2
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FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 14
⇒ 16 + 9 = 5 ⇒ 25 = 5 ⇒ 5 = 5
[[[
Hence both circles touch each other externally.
Question # 8
Show that the circles
x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 8 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 6 y − 46 = 0 touches internally.
Solution
Suppose S1 : x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 8 = 0
S2 : x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 6 y − 46 = 0 r 1 C1 C2
For S1 : 2 g = 2 , 2 f = 0 , c = −8 r2
⇒ g =1 , f =0
Let C1 be centre and r1 be radius of circle S1 then
C1 ( − g , − f ) = C ( −1,0 )
Radius = r1 = g2 + f 2 − c
= (1) 2 + (0)2 + 8 = 9 = 3
For S2 : 2 g = −6 , 2 f = 6 , c = −46
⇒ g = −3 , f =3
Let C2 be centre and r2 be radius of circle S2 then
C2 ( − g , − f ) = C2 ( 3, −3)
Radius = r2 = g2 + f 2 − c
= (3)2 + (−3)2 − (−46) = 9 + 9 + 46 = 64 =8
Now circles touch each other internally if
C1C2 = r2 − r1 ⇒ (3 + 1)2 + (−3 − 0) 2 = 8 − 3
⇒ 16 + 9 = 5 ⇒ 25 = 5 ⇒ 5 = 5
Hence circles are touching each other internally.
Question # 9
Find an equation of the circle of radius 2 and tangent to the line x − y − 4 = 0 at
A (1, −3) .
Solution ent
t ang
Given: Radius r = 2 , ,-3)
A(1
Tangent: x − y − 4 = 0 at A (1, −3)
2
Suppose C ( h, k ) be the centre then
AC = 2 C(h,k)
2 2
⇒ ( h − 1) + ( k + 3) = 2
On squaring
2 2
( h − 1) + ( k + 3) = 4
⇒ h 2 − 2h + 1 + k 2 + 6k + 9 − 4 = 0 ⇒ h 2 + k 2 − 2h + 6k + 6 = 0 …….. (i)
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FSC-II / Ex. 6.1 - 15
k +3
Now slope of radial line AC =
h −1
1
Slope of line tangent = − =1
−1
Since radial line is ⊥ ar to tangent, therefore
(Slope of radial line) (Slope of tangent) = − 1
k +3
⇒ (1) = − 1
h −1
⇒ k + 3 = − ( h − 1) ⇒ k = − h + 1 − 3 ⇒ k = − h − 2 …….. (ii)
2
Putting in (i) h 2 + ( −h − 2 ) − 2h + 6 ( −h − 2 ) + 6 = 0
⇒ h 2 + h 2 + 4h + 4 − 2h − 6h − 12 + 6 = 0 ⇒ 2h 2 − 4h − 2 = 0 ⇒ h 2 − 2h − 1 = 0
2 ± (−2)2 − 4(1)(−1) Putting h = 1 − 2 in (ii)
⇒ h =
2(1)
2± 4+4 2± 8 k = −1+ 2 − 2 ⇒ k = − 3 + 2
= = Now equation of circle with
2 2
=
2±2 2
= 1± 2
(
centre 1 − 2, −3 + 2 and radius 2. )
2 2 2
( x − (1 − 2) ) ( − y − (−3 + 2) ) = (2) 2
Putting h = 1 + 2 in (ii) 2 2
k = −1− 2 − 2
⇒ ( x −1+ 2) −( y + 3− 2) ) = 4
⇒ k = −3− 2
Now equation of circle with
(
centre 1 + 2, −3 − 2 and radius 2.)
2 2
( x − (1 + 2) ) ( − y − (−3 − 2) ) = (2) 2
2 2
⇒ ( x −1 − 2) −( y + 3+ 2) ) = 4
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