Q. What is transfer order?

Transfer order is created for picking the goods in warehouse management. Transfer order contain
1. Material Number.
2. Quantity to be moved
3. Source storage bin to destination storage bin.
Through this transfer order picking list generated.
Q. What are the fields in pricing procedure?
There are 16 fields that are given below:
1. Step
2. Counter
3. Condition type
4. Description
5. From
6. To
7. Manual
8. Mandatory
9. Statistic
10. Print
11. Subtotal
12. Requirement
13. Alternative calculation type
14. Alternative condition base value
15. Account key
16. Accrual
Q. What are the Standard output types in SD?
BA00 for order LD00 for delivery RD00 for billing and RD03 for Cash sales.
Q. What is Condition type?
Condition type is a pricing element such as discount,freight,surcharge.This are used in pricing procedure to
represent condition record.
Q. What is difference between delivery document & scheduling?
Delivery document is an electronic document where store when how much quantity of materials and where the
materials should go ? on the other side, scheduling represent when materials will be delivered in that case
backward scheduling and forward scheduling is used.
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Q. How is item category determined?
In general item category determination is happened through sales document type+item usage+item category
group+higher level item category +default item category
In the creating from reference document item category determination is happened from copy control where
source item category to target item category.if it is not maintained ,item category determination is happened
though normal determination like sales document type+ item usage+item category group + higher level item
category+default item category.
Q. What is Extract used in condition tech. in pricing?
Condition table+Access sequence+Condition type+pricing procedure=condition technique. The above extract
is used to find suitable condition record.
Q. What is the difference between plant and storage location?
A plant may be delivering plant and production plant and storage plant. In Sales and Distribution, since plant is
assigned with sales organization and distribution channel, it is called delivering plant.
Material Master
Q. What is Product Hierarchy?
Let’s take a simple example. Here is an example of my family tree.
What I am trying to do here is show my family tree in a hierarchical manner. And the parameter I am using to
depict the hierarchy is “lineage”. Similarly, companies use hierarchy to categorize products. Say a computer
company like Dell, would divide their products like below.

This pictures shows categorization of their products via the “type of product” – Desktop vs laptop vs servers
etc. Similarly, you could have multiple levels of categorization based on any number of characteristics. A way
to hierarchically categorize products is called as “Product Hierarchy”.
Now, where do you set the product hierarchy? It is set in the Material master -> Sales View.
Q. Where is Product Hierarchy Defined in SAP?
Product hierarchy is defined in SPRO and the transaction for that is V/76. Product hierarchy is alphanumeric
18 character string. Each character is alphanumeric – typically numerical values are used as we can increment
on them.
The product hierarchy that comes right out of the box is divided into 3 levels. The first level is 5 characters,
second level is 5 characters and the third level is 8 characters, which in total are 18 characters. And that is how
product hierarchy is structured right out of the box in SAP.
Let’s take an example of the same PC manufacturer. He has desktops, laptops and servers. The five characters
for the first level of the desktops is say (00001), laptops is (00002), servers is (00003). There are five
characters in the first level.
Underneath the first level there could be further categorization like gaming machines, corporate machines and
regular machines – Say 0001 is for gaming machines, 00002 for corporate machines and 00003 for regular
machines. We can use whatever terminology we like, it doesn’t matter. Under corporate, say there are so many
different models like model 1 (00000001), model 2 (00000002).
Now if I want to tell the product hierarchy of model 2, we have to start all the way from the beginning. The
first level is 00002, the second level is 00002 and the third level is 00000002. So now the product hierarchy
associated with model 2 is 000020000200000002. And similarly you can define how product hierarchies will
be given to each of these products based on where they stand in hierarchy first level, second level or third
level.
Q. What is Material Group?
Let us take an example of a retailer who is selling a whole bunch of products (say electronics, household,
clothing etc).
Reporting – The CEO, CIO, Sales manager wants to know the answer to a question say – What is the total
sales of electronics this month? Or what is the year on year growth in the clothing division ? This is an
example of an “ANALYTICAL” question.
Classification – Other actions are to say run a 10% discount on all electronics or run a free shipping on all
clothing with a sales value >150$. This is an example of an operational requirement – meaning day to day
operations.

If a company (say Walmart) has thousands of products, you have to identify that these belong to Electronics
division or clothing division – only then you will be able to do any operational or analytical operations as
shown above. So, a material group is a means of classifying or tagging a material for operational or analytical
reasons.
Q. When to use Material Group vs Product Hierarchy?
Take the same retailer and he sells electronics, clothing and so on.
In clothing, there is designer wear, regular clothing and then say sportswear. Say designer wear does a revenue
of $100 M, regular does $50M and sports does 50 $50M. What is the total revenue in clothing? 100+50+50
that’s 200 million.
Now you see that when you put things hierarchically you can do a “ROLL UP”. Where you roll up revenues,
roll up costs or profit margins any common parameter can be rolled up towards next highest level. This is not
possible when you have a flat structure.

So both material groups and product hierarchy are a logical way of grouping materials. So what’s the
difference? The relationship between one product and the other can be specified in Product hierarchy whereas
Material Groups is flat. Product structure typically is a more intuitive and a natural way to group these
products together that would result in much better business decisions when you put things in hierarchy.
Whereas Material Group on the other hand is flat, there is no relationship between one Material Group and the
other, and if there is any you would have to explicitly specify it in your coding or reporting.
Nevertheless both Material Groups and Product hierarchies are used in companies. Material Groups are
simpler because you don’t need to put them in hierarchy on the other hand Product hierarchies are a little
complicated, but they serve a purpose.
Customer Master
Q. What is one-time Customer ?
You see this term tossed around a couple of places and you wonder sometimes what’s a one time customer? A
one time customer is a customer account group that’s used to represent a customer in reality just once.
Take a retail scenario like Walmart – Walmart has so many point of sale solutions – “POS”. There could be
thousands of them and all of them are creating transactions in SAP. Each of this customer, like you and me
who would go to Walmart and buy stuff – you don’t need to maintain a ton of information about me, say I just
go, give Walmart my card, pay for my goods and then go away – that’s it. Walmart doesn’t bother too much
about my name, neither does it bother about my shipping preferences or my tax classification – none of that
stuff that you typically maintain in a customer master.
So why maintain a separate customer master for me ? It is really not necessary. Also in a day say Walmart
does, millions of transactions and Walmart doesn’t need to be creating millions of customer’s right? So in
situations like this (retail is one scenario), wherever you need a customer master to do a transaction , but in that
transaction the details of that customer are not really that important, then you use what’s called as a one time
customer.

SAP already provides a standard customer account group for that and that is “CPD”. Just like the way 0001 is
sold to or 0003 is ship to, CPD is a standard customer account group provided by SAP. So if you create a one
time customer using the CPD account group say 2000, that’s the same customer that you use for every
transaction – Say you go to VA01 and use customer 2000 to create an order, SAP will immediately ask you for
an address. Then you overwrite the address if necessary, if not you can customize it in such a way that you
don’t even need to overwrite the address and then you put the rest of the materials details and complete the
transaction.

Order types, Item Categories and Schedule Lines

Q. What is a Rush Order?

A Rush Order is when the customer is really in a rush to get his goods. In terms of SAP, the delivery has to
happen immediately. As soon as the goods are shipped the customer will be invoiced.
Q. List the SYSTEM modules that are included in the finandal application component.
The following SYSTEM modules are included in the financial application component:
1. FI—Financial Accounting
2. CO—Controlling
3. EC—Enterprise Controlling
4. IM—Investment Management
5. PS—Project System
Q. list the SYSTEM modules that are included in the human resource application (Human Capital
Management) component.
The following SYSTEM modules are included in the human resource application component
1. PA—Personnel Administration
2. PT—Personnel Time Management
3. PY—Payroll
Q. List the SYSTEM modules that are included in the logistic application component.
The following SYSTEM modules are included in the logistic application component
1. SD—Sales and Distribution
2. MM—Materials Management
3. PP—Production Planning and Control
4. LE—Logistics Execution
5. QM—Quality Management
6. CS—Customer Service
Q. List the components the SD module consists of.
The SD module consists of the following components:
1. Basic Functions and Master Data in SD Processing (SD-BF)
2. Pricing and Conditions (SD-BF-PR)
3. Extra Charge (SD-BF-EC)
4. Availability Check and Requirements in Sales and Distribution
5. Credit and Risk Management (SD-BF-CM)
6. Material Sorting (SD-BF-AS)
7. Output Determination (SD-BF-0C)
8. Sales (SD-SLS) o Scheduling Agreements for Component Suppliers (SD-SLS-OA)
9. Customer Service Processing (SD-SIS-OA)
10. Foreign Trade/Customs (SD-F1) o Billing (SD-BIL)
11. Payment Card Processing (SD-BIL-IV)
12. Sales Support: Computer-Aided Selling (CAS)
13. Electronic Data Interchange /IDoc Interface (SD-EDI)
14. Shipping (LE-SHP)
15. Transportation (LE-TRA)
16. Reports and Analyses (SD-IS-REP)
17. Business Package for Internal Sales Representative
Q. What is the purpose of transaction code in SYSTEM?
The transaction code is the short path to reach a specific screen in SYSTEM. Instead of going through the
routine menu, you can enter the Transaction Code and then press “Enter,” which would directly take you to the
specific transaction. For exam-ple, you can access the VA22 transaction code to reach the Change Quotation
screen. However, the VA01 transaction code is used to create Sales document in SYSTEM.
Q. What is meant by match code in SYSTEM?
The comparison key that helps you to find the key of a specific database record, depending on the field value
entered in the record, is known as match code. On the basis of the match code, the system then displays a list
of records from which you can select the appropriate one.
Q. Explain the three main areas of customer master data.
Customer master is a part of the SD module and forms the basis for customer-related transactions. It is divided
into three areas:
1. General Data—It is used for the maintenance of general customer details such as name, address, phone/fax
nos., and so on.
2. Sales Area Data—It is used for Sales-related data maintenance.
3. Company Code data—It is used for accounts-related data maintenance.
Q. What is the purpose of Implementation Guide (IMG Menu) in the SYSTEM?
The Implementation Guide (IMG Menu) is used to collectively group the areas that must be configured and
customized, and form a basic structure of an organization in the System to run.
Q. How will you maintain a company code in SYSTEM?
To maintain a company code, navigate the following menu path:
1. Customizing Implementation Guide (MG Menu)). Enterprise Structure > Definition > Financial Accounting
> Edit, Copy, Delete, Check Company Code.
Q. What do you mean by Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)?
ERP is a way to integrate processes and data of an organiza-tion into a single system to provide easy access
and workflow in an organization. It refers to the way in which large organi-zations efficiently plan to use
resources to their fullest.
Q. List the advantages of implementing an ERP system in an organization.
The advantages of implementing an ERP system in an organization are as follows:
1. Various processes and workflow of an organization are integrated in a single system.
2. Efficient utilization of resources in an organization.
3. Ability to easily share organizational data across different departments.
4. Improves efficiency and productivity levels.
5. Lower costs
6. Better customer service.
Q. Specify the role of the Sales and Distribution (SD) module in an ERP system.
The SD module is an application module for supply-chain and operational performance management, and
provides sup-port to customers. This module is integrated with the Material Management (MM) and
Production Planning (PP) functional modules. It also allows organizations to input sales price of products for
customers and check for open orders.
Q. Explain all modules in the system.
The modules in the system are as follows:
1. Financial Accounting (P1)—Regulates books of record includ-ing general ledger, accounts payable and
receivable.
2. Controlling (CO)—Deals with the cost and management accounting in an organization.
3. Asset Management (AM)—Manages and tracks the value of assets in an organization.
4. Project Systems (P5)—Manages large or small projects in an organization.
5. Human Resources (HR)—Manages data and activities of human resource or Human Capital Management in
an organization.
6. Plant Maintenance (PM)—Manages and maintains plant equipment, such as machines, in an organization.
7. Materials Management (MM)—Maintains material-related data, such as material purchase and inventory.
8. Quality Management (QM)—Maintains quality systems in an organization.
9. Production Planning (PP)—Maintains comprehensive planning for production in an organization.
10. Sales and Distribution (SW)—Maintains sales- and distribu-tion-related data in the system, such as
customer master, pricing, distribution channel, product line, and various aspects of sales and distribution.
11. Cross-Application (CA) — Manages workflow, workplace and various cross-applications in an
organization.
Q. What are the application areas of the R/3 system?
Application areas of the R/3 system are also called functional areas or functional modules. The following are
the applica-tion areas:
1. Sales and Distribution
2. Human Resource Management
3. Production Planning
4. Fixed Assets Management
5. Material Management
6. Production Planning
7. Financial Management
8. Industry Solution
9. Workflow
10. Plant Maintenance
11.Quality Management
12. Controlling
13. Project System
Q. What are the advantages of the R/3 system?
The following are the advantages of the R/3 system:
1. Functionality—Provides software solutions that cover all the commercial process and transactions used in
an organization.
2. User-friendliness—Provides a uniform graphical user interface for all application areas for all users.
3. Flexible structure—Provides flexible systems structure, as flexibility is an important aspect in every
department.
4. Real-time integration—Provides all the information on the basis of real-time scenarios.
5. Enterprise-wide integration—Provides integration among all the modules in a system.
6. Three-tiered architecture—Provides enterprise-wide and three-tiered architecture that includes presentation,
application and database application.
Q. Expain about the organizational structure in SAP SD?
Here is the organizational structure of SAP SD
1. Sales Organization
2. Distribution Channel
3. Division
4. Sales Office
5. Sales Group
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Q. What are the 5 features that you can control in the sale document type?
Five Features of sale document type that we can control are:
1. Text
2. Partner
3. Pricing
4. Taxes
5. Output
6. Delivery