Level II Questions

Ultrasonic Testing Method

I. The Wive mode thaI hIlS multipJeOf'.varyin, wIve l( Aeou.stic:c:nerlYptopIlllte.inditrcrenlmodeJ.

velociUesis: Which of the rollo...ln. represent. mode?

Lloa,illJdin&lwlVClI LAlonJitudinlllwavc.
b. Jlxarwavq b.A"-.Ive.
(.tJ'IIISYene ...."es c. A JUl'fM;Zwne.
d. Lamb ...."es ,.. All o(the abo're.
FAJ.f

2. WhitboCthefollowinl_ld~c:orWdued 7, The sUnplc:upc:rimul when. slick in .,laud

applieatioCl(l)O(uJltUOl1ic~? waterlppClJ1 cllijointcd Mthe ..IW-Ilrl-=e
illusuatCJi the phcnomc_ of;
.. Detennin.tion of. m.tuial', elastic modulus.
b. Study of. material'. me.lIJIUfJiealllNCNte. L reflection
c. Measuren'ICnt of. material's thickncn. b. InIilni(lC&uon
d. All oflhclbovc.. ' e.rc:fr.euon
FAJ.2: d.diftiactiolt
L131
1 The oaly ,i.Ili(It&llt 50Und wave: mode WI U'JIYeIs
throup,'iquidisa:
LtJ'our ....VC
b.loaJitudinalwavc L thelowulhefrequeney
e.lurfMZ ve h.thehilhel"lhefrequellq'
d. RaykiJh vc e. there illIO appm:iable atred
F.45.' d..noneoftheabovc
8.3-20
of. "ThellCl)Usticimpcdlneeoflmltaialis!Ued1O
dC:lc:nninclhe: 9. The nndom distribution of erysLlllolfllphie direction
in.lloyl withlarleCT)'sllllineslNcturc:sil I factor in
a.anaJc:ofrdl1lCtionatanlntc:rface detmnininl:
b. llUnuation within !he material
c. n:bli'tC amounts of IO\InIl cne:tIY coupled throup L .cousticllOisckvc:ls
U1drdlected"'a1uilllerflf:C b. sdectionoClestfrc:.queney
d.bumloptUdwithinltlernatcrial c..eanui"lofsound
F..o.I2 ""loftbe.tlovc:
F.45.6
s. Whca IIIJIe beam eQl\LICt mil" tesI piece,
iDcreuia.theiaeidcnl:lllcJcWltiltbe~c:ritic:al itIo. The lCllrtb of the ZOlle -'jaceAtlo a rrmsduea ill
&IIlk is ruc:bcd ruulu ia: wbidlnllCtUationlinlOUlldpres.sureOlXUl"islnOSlJy
affoctodby:
L toW rencetionofl.lrl_.lve
b.4Sdcpen:fTletioaoftbelbearwave a.thefrequencyofthctransduecr
c. proctuctionof,.udac:ew,,,c: b. the diamctel of the transducer
d.noncotthclbove c.thelencthoftranwucereable
8.1-27 II. both I andb
D.IJI
UflnJlo"ic Ttltin~ Md"od, ~~tll1

II. The differences in sisnals received from identical IS. Inthcfarfic1dof.uniformultrasonic~.lOlInd

reneclors.tdiITerentm.lerialdin.ncesfrom. inlensilyis thebeamcenterhne.
transducerm.y be c.used by;
.. minimum'l
•. material .ttenu.tion b.maximum.t . . C
b. beamdivc'1enec c. maximum lhrouJhout twICe the: anIle (Sin y: Df)
c.nearfielddfects when Cis JiCOUstic vclocity. D is crystal diameter.
d.a1loftheabove and/isfrequency.l
8.197-198 d. not rclatcd toocienwion of
8.52·53,198;H.1-31
t'J:.Itispossiblefot.discontinultysrnallerthanthe
transdueutoprodueeinmtionsofnueNa!inl 16. Which of the: following mayresull in .Ion, nllfTOw
amplitude as the transdueer is Dloved I.tcrally If rod if the: beam diVCfgenec l'UUllS in. renectioll from
testinJ is belnl performed in the: • side of the teslpiea before thcsound w.ve reac:hcs
Ihc: back swface1
.. Fnufthofuzone
b.nearrleld .. Multipleindicationsbeforethc:rlt1tback
e.Snellfield reflection.
d. shadow zone b. Indications from multiple suffICe renections.
8.197 c. Convcn;ion from the lontitudinal. mode 10 sheat
mode.
13. In immersion testin,. the near field effects of. d.Lossoffronlswfaceindic.tions.
transdueer rnay be elimin'led by; 8.1-39
.. illCTU!j;intttansduc:erfrequency '!'l' W'heredoes beamdiverlenecoceur1
b. usin,.lar,u diameter transducer
c. usinlanappropl'iatew.terp.th a.nc.arrlCld
d.usinl·focusedtran5dll<:er b.farfield
F.".I". c.ltthect)'slal
d.noneoftheabovc
14. In Figure I. lHumint. IInifonn beam p.nem, whal 1.239
rel.tionship would you expeclto exisl between the
arnplitudcsoftherenectedlaminarsi,nalsal Ig. As,frcquencyincreasesinulrrasonictestin"theangle
positions A and B? of beam diverlenec of a liven diametet ct)'stal:

•. 12dBdifference I. decreases
b. equalampliludes b.temainsunchanged
c.2101 c.increISCIi
d.3101 d. varieSllniformlythrougheachwavelength
B.197 8.2-31

)r
Figure 1

:=0'
~--+----LmJl-'~R-'~:'" .-ct-o-,- - - ':>.
~ Plate

26
 Ultnu,1l1c Tmi"l Mtt",4. z.ntl 11
19. M the radius ofcurvalure of. ~rved kllJ iJ 25. The rltio oflhe Yelocity or ~nd ill Wala- compared
incrcued.1hc focalleneth of the !eM; totlutforalum.i"umorlleelilappro~h"'lcly:

•. illCrUKS .. 1:1
b.decreue.s b.I:4

...-
t. remaillJwwnc c.I:]

_.
d.caanotbecklaminedunkutbefrcqueneyu d.l:2

....., 7,,6. "l\1JidIofthefallowiftlJCAllain,l!IdbodIc:oWdbe

H.t-II

20. When cumillinl materia1J for plaftar n.ws

orie.nlccI claWrled 115 M immersioa tJPC tcsl?
panJlellO the pan JW'f-..e. wtw Inlinl mcIhod i.I
~oftenu.Jed? .. Tatlki.whidllhetlla.sdl.ltel"aadtcslpicceh

.. an,leburn h. Squirta"bubb&umethod ill ..tlidl!he1OUnll is

b.throuJh-transmiuion uansmitled ia • columa or flowinl water.
c.ltniJhcbum c. Scaaaill' with • whcekype tnnscIucu with the
d. dualQYsW lraMducerinlide.liquidfiUedtire.
1.261 d. All of the aboYe.

21. If.conl.lc1anllebeaml11.nsdOl:upmdutCS.
4S deveeJ Jhear ...ave in Ileel,lhcanlleprodlttCd by 27. tn III immenion tesl or. piece of Jleel or aluminum,
!he same I11.nJducer in an aluminum lpecimen ...ould the .....terdistanceappeanonthedilpl.yu.fairly
be;(VS_.O.]2]c~;Vsu. .O.]IOcnv\U) wide lpac:e bclwccn the inilial pulJoe and tbe front
lurfacerenllct.iOllbecauJoeof:
•. lenlhan45deveeJ
b.,reIla-lhan45ckp-eeJ .. reduced yelocity of$OUnd in ....llUlScornpared to
c.45cklJftS leIlapecimell
d. unknown: more information is required b. illC;reucd I'Clocity of ~nd in ....,",u u cornpared
tote$lJpecimen
c. wnpuaturcolthe""aIa"
22. Rayleip .... YU are innuenced moll by defeeu d.aIloftheabove
loealCd: H.4-5;UA5

.. closc III orOfl the JW1ac:c 2&. UUIlJ 1hc immenioa method. • dimnee,trnplilllCk
b. I wavekn&th below the Jurface CUf"ft (DAq fora 19 mnl (0.75 in.)diamclc.r,S MlU
c.] aI'Clelllthlbelowthe$\lffac.e l1aIl.sdueu IbowJtbe bippol.-oftbe DAC It !he
d.6 velc:ntthlbeIowIheJurfac.e BlSlmm(2iA.)block. o.edly~,thebiPpoinl
D.... oftheDACforthcumclrWllodueeriialthc

.....-
ViOl mID (4 in.) block. AuwniaI thai e&libnlioa
2). "The ullnSOllic: Ialinl technique in which filller bas DOl chanred,thil would indicalcthll the
dampi nIUmOJleffecti¥einlocllin,.c1iltOlllinuily
ilthe:
.. ilimprovia,illruoluUoa
.. Jhear ....yelechnique b. ia becomin, defective.
b.IOllliNdinal .... ve.leChnique c. hal the burn or. Jmallu lral\$dueu
c. Jurfac.ewave.leChnique· d.bolbbanclc
d.compI'UIlonal ....¥eleC.hnique FM.13
F.45.11;H.1-32
19. Wh.tlaweanbeulcdtocaicul'lethean,leof
24. Lamb ...avueanbeuJedtodetecl: rdrXlion ....ithill' metal fotbolh lOIl,iludinai and
dlear ..... yu?
.. laminar.typedefecllnear!heJlriaceor'lhin
mataial .. PoWon'1 ratio law
b. lICk of flllion in !he <:ellter of. thkk we1dment b. SncU'lbw .
c. inleJ'n1l 't'OidJ in ltirruJion bondJ c. FresneI'1neldII....
d.thic:I.-.nU$chlnleJinbeavypl.tem.lCriai F.A5.11 d.Cbarlu'l.w
F...,5.10
30. AI an i.lUf-=e bet_ IWO dirrcn:1l1 materials, an 36. \VI'Iich cimlil ui"eni the pulKr and sweep cilnlilS in
i.rDpedMcc diffuelK:e resuhs ill: an A-scu displ.y?

a. rcneclionoftbem~incidcnlcnerua!he a. n:aivu·amplilier
inlerfI.C'C b. power supply
b.•bsorptionofsound c.doc:ll:
c. diviliorl of sound energy into transmilled and d.darnpinl
rcnceledmocks 1.2<1
d.noneof!heabove
F.45.' 31. On an A·scan displ.y,!he ~dc.ad zone.~rcfers 10:

ll. Wheausin,focusedUWlSducen.nonsymmetryini. L!hedistaDeeeontainc.dwil.hinw_flekl

prtlpI.pICId souftd beam lnay be Quxd by: b.!hearuoutJide!hebeamlpl'Ud
c. !he distaDeecoveml by !he front surl"l.ClEpulse
L bI.c:ll:in,rrwerialvaritliocu width and n:covuy time. -
b.1eascenlerin,ormisalipmenl d. lbe aru between !he DeI.t field and !he far flC-ld
c. porosilyin knscs L267
d.•llof!heabove'
H.6-1l lB. On.n A-scan displ.y, whl.! represents Ihe inlellllity of
• rcl1ectcd beam?
32. U1tnsonk: wheel uniu rt'LIy be used for wmch of the
foilowill'l)'JICSoteuminatioo? a. echopulsc widIb
b. hIIfil.ofttallCRelllocalion
a.Iltn.i&blOfloftpt\ldinaieumi.natiotl C. sipalbriplllCU
b. anele beam or War .Ive e...milll.lion d. si,IWampiituclc.
c.5lriI.C'C.lveorRl.ylc:ithwaveeumination
d.a1lof!heabove·
1L4-7 39. Of the followin, 5Can Iypes. which one CI.n be used 10
produee I recordin,ofn.w arC-l.$ superimposed over
l1. Durin, straiehl be.m testin,. lest specimens with • plan view of Ihe test piece?
nOll·ptr.llei front and bac:k surfaces can CIUsc.:
•. A'5Can
L partial orlotal Joss of beck rcflc.etiOft b. B-san
b. DO loa in bl.ckrcOection c.C-SoCI.n
c. I widened (bmad) back rel1edion indication d.D-~
d. I foc:usc.d (IWTOW) back reflection iodicalion L1<1
• fU.l7
40. III irnrnenion testing in. small Wlk.. I manually
14. In the iaunusioll te.ehnique,1he distance between !he operated nwtipulaor is ~ 10:
raeeofthetraftJdl.lCc.fandlheteJlsurface(wllIc.r
pa!h)iSllSuailyldjustcdsoWllhc:timcrequirc.dto 1.se:tt1'lepropc.rw.terplth
scndlhesoundbeamlhrouahlhewlter: b.scllhc:propertransducerangle
c. Sd the proper index fllnctiOCI
L iscqul.1lOthetimereqlliRdfocthesound 10 travel dcompkteboth.andb
lhrougb!helestpiece F.<46.1
b.isgruaerthultbetimerequiredror!helOUfldlo
Intvd ltnluptbe lest piece 41. III stni"cht{normaI) bel.mCOlltJd Ie5tit1g..reductiOCI
c. islc.uthan,lhetimereqWredfortbesoundlotnvd in the back JIllf_ retkaion 1.InpI.itudr. c:ouId
dlroupthc.lest:ptece indicale:
d.lIODeofthe.lbove
H .... a.intdeqWltee:oupling
b. I flaw which is l'IOI normal 10 the beam
35. In I B·scan displ.y. the length of I SCTllen indication c.'nel.l"sw1ac:edefecIWlcannOlben:.solvcdrrom
rromldiscontinllhyisrelaledlO: thc. main bang (initial pulse)
dalloftheabovc·
Lldiscoetinuity·sthickne$al.J~panlIelto rAlAI
tbe\lltrl.lofticbeatn
b. tbediscocWflUity'Skngthin the direaioa:oftbc:
tnIlIduoa-lntvd'
e:.botb.llDdb
d..lIODeofthelbove
B..20I;C.35I

28
 Ullnuonlc TrstUor Mdllo4, u ..1IT
4S. Aspecialscannin.dcvieewilhtbetnllSduter
Figu... Z mounlCditlatite-libaifttailleffilledwithcoupianlis
commonl,ea1lcd:
2 J
... rou1inC5CUlner
b.aauw5eIllntt
c. ,wheellrlnSdU«r
d.lcin:uluK&nnu
d IU-6

46. WbX:h bcsI describes. typical display or I erw::1t

.....,
whole major 5Ud-:e is perpmdiculal" 10 the ulll'UOftic

.. ,lxo.cIi~
b.• Wrp~·
•

ABC
I 1 J
D
,
E
1 • , I'
..........
c. the ill<lic:alQ will 110I 5bow due to impropa

d.abroMlilllfitalioawithhi.hamplilude

42. A 152 mm{6 in.) diam£lerrod il bein. inspedccl (Of
ccntcrlinecrJiCu. TbeA'JUIlpl'cscntationforonc
completepa.llllhroulhlherodisulhoWllin
Fi,u.re2. ThealillTlllatclhou1d:
Lbeusedbel:_npointsAandE
b.beusedatpoilllDonly
,-beusedbet_npoillUBandD
d. nocbeusedfOfthis-wlic:atio.
43.lnMllltomatic:JUIlmn.ilJlmUl,ionunit,thebrid,e
orc:arri&JCI~$IO;
-47. A primary pIUpOK of I rcfcftllCc Standard is:
.. to pl'OYkk lCUide for .djultin. insuumcnt
eonlJ'OlJtortvealdbcontinuitiestbatare
considuedhatmful totbecnd Ll$eoflhcproduc:t
b. 10 live Ibc tcebnician ,1ool for 6etermininc nan
dis<:ontinui!yau
c. 10 P'O"* IlUIlnIIICe IJw all discoluinuitiu smalkr
1hIa. cutaill spceirted n:ruence rerJecl.or are
capMlIeofbcin,deW:ClC:d by the tell.
d. 10 pnwide altandatd reflector .....hich eJlacuy
AmulalalWllnlldiJcontinuiticsor.cntita!siote
l.UiZ

I. sUpporllhc:rnlllipulllorandKlnncrtubeandlO 48. Compnllllionrorthcyari.lioninC'chohC'i,hlrelated

move it lboul ulnsYenely and lonciludin.lIy. 10 ,,1Ui.lions in discontinuity depth in Ihc: 1C'llffillerial
b.conlrOllhean.ularandulIlSYel'Kpositionin.of IS known as:
tMKlnnerlube
c.controltheve:rUe.landanJUlarpositionin.ollhe ......u
5Cannerlube b,aaell~
d.raiscandlowathelBllJdueer C'.d.istulce:amplitudeeoneeLion·
d.inlcrprelatioa

.... Wbentdjustin,thefb.locain'n1leror.slIe.-
......ve weld inspcC'tion,ltK zm) point on the rule mvst or
49. Whieh die rollowin, iJ. rerC'rellCC' reflC'ClOr thai is
coineick.ithlhc: notclcpelldencalbeam anJ1e?

L sound bum eJlit poinl or the Wed,Ci L • f1llboltom hole

b.poinldireellyoyerthefla..... b.'''CCinOlCb
c.whec:llranSducer c.• sidc drilled hole which is Pfnlld to the plate
d,c:in:ulwtca/lllU JUl'f_andpupe:!ld)cululOthcSOllndp.th'
1U-7 d,.disc·shapedlaminarref\ec1oc
.\.£.164

29
Ulhtu~1Ik full", Mn"~ ufflll
SO. I>uriD.&' lnipt beam lllltUOClic lell,. diKOfItinliity
illdicaliollisdetectedthatiJunalliaamplillldc
compam:Ito the: loa ill arnplitulk of bnc:k rencction.
1lIcorienlnlion oflnis discontinuity is probably:
55. UUD,.pulsccchot«hniquc,ifthcmajorplllleoC,
flatdilcominuity is oriented at 1Olnellf\'lcomu than
perpendicular to the dircction of sound propIllation,
tbc result m.y be:

•. plnllleitothctestsurfac:e L IOllofsi,nallincuity
b. perpendicular 10 the: sound beam b. Iou or 1aclt of. ~vcd discontinuity ccbo
c. paralkllO the: sound beam c.focusin,ofw5OUndbearn
Ii. II an an,k10 !he lQtsurt"nce· d.Jos.sofinterlerenc.ephenomc:na

51. A 4iscontinwly b b:akd havilll an orienlation such 56. AllrUIduecrdiamclCf~,thc:bumlpl'ead;

that ib 1000, WS is panllel 10 W sound beanl. ihe
indicalion from sllCh.discontinllily will be: •. <lo=uu
b. remains the same
L IlrJe in proportion to lhe lenJth of tbc c. inauseJ
diseontinllity d. bccomc5 COlliclll ill Jbape
b.smnllillp1lpOMioaUlthe:lenJthoflbe·
discontinuity
c.reprucataiveoC!helcnpoCthtdisconwlIrity 51, AlClofwndardn:ferenc.eb1oc:bwiththcsame
d. sud! that complete lou of bact. rdlection will IcomctrieaJCOftlipnllionanddilTlCn$ionsothathaA
~" the uu ofthccalibntion rerJecton, e.,..
flat bc:MlOI'lI
~o holu,bQIIcd'SC:IOf:

52. Gu discontinuities _l'I'duced to nllt discs Of ocher L disllnCe amplitutlc SWtdanb

shapet;paralkltothc:surt"aceby: b. area amplilude IlIndards_
e..variabkfrequenc)'l*leks
LroUin,. d. beam sprud measwin,blocks
)U.s
b.~bil'lin,
e..c:astin,
d.wc:ldin, 51. 1lIcan,lcatwhich90Oe,recJn:£ractiotIof.
FAS.ll lon,itudinallOUnd wive is ruched iii called:

53. In ....hichzonedoesthc:vnplltlldeof.nindic.tion •. thean,leofineidcnce

from. Jiven discontinuity diminish uponcntially u b.lhclimcriticalan,lc
thc:diJtanecincreues? c. thc:anllcofmuirn\ll'llrencction
d.thcsecondcritil:aJan,lc
L "The Car r~1d ZOIle.· 1t1-15
b. "The_licld-.
c."Thedcad tone. 59. The conlrOl of voIllle wppIicd to !he venical
d.lllcFruncltone. ckncctionplatcsofthcinstrumentdispllyinan
8.1-41 A·scan lIT 5e(UP is performed by the:

54. A smooth nit discontinuiry whose major plane it noc L IWcepJCnerltOf

pcrpeIICIkularlOthcdirectionotJ(ll,lllCJPfOPI,ll.ion b. pulJu
may be indiwcdby: e.. ampliflCfMwt
d.c1oc:ttirnc:r
L . . echo ampLillllk companbIe ia llLl.lait\lde to tbe
bact.ILrill:Crdlection
b.lc:ornpkteklsJotblct.sutfll:Crdlcetion 60. Ancnuatioa is. diffICult quantity 10 mcuure
c. an echo amplitude IlrJef in mqnitudc than thc: aecumely. particularly in solid matm.b. at the IeIt
back surface ref1Clction frcquc.nciu nonnally used. The ovcnll raub wually
d.alloCthcabove, observed includq othcf ~ mechanisms which ca.a
incJude:

b.
L "coupb.nt
" " ' ' ' ' 'mismatch
'''
C.leJlpicoeloocnclry
Ii. aU oCtbe lbovc

30
 61. 'I'M vertical lineur;anae ofl test instrument may be
determined by obuIiningultrasonic ~ponse$ from: Figure 3
I. IsclofdistllllCe amplitude reference blocks
b.sleelballsIOCltedatsc~r;aldifferentwalerpath
distances
c. asctofarellamplitLJdel'tferenceblocks'
d.alloftheabove
... C)
".
"~~~
u.s., 1.\

62. wge grlins in I met.l1lic ~I specimen lISually result

in:

I. I decrease or loss ofbld:.urfllCerenection

b.large"'huhMornoiseindiCltions
c.ldecruseinpenelralion
d.a1loftheabave
HA-19 67. In Figure 3, U1nsducerC is being used lochecl::

63. TlleIOlalenertylossaoccurrinlinallmaterialsis L di.slmcecalibntion

c.llcd: b.resolution
c.Knsitivilycalibntion
1.lttenUition
b.scltter
c. beamspctad
d. veriflCltionofwedgeangle
.,.,
d.interface 68. InFigure3,UInsducerDisbeingusedtochecl::

I. Knsitivilycllibntion
64. Delay-tip (stand-ofJ) type contlCttransducen are b.disllncecalibraiion
primarily used for: c.resolution
d. verification ofwedgc an.lc
L 6efectdetcction
b.soundwavccharacteriution
I.""
c. thicl:llClisRlClSllremenlorflawdelcction in thin liP. Whcntheilll:identln.leisehoseniobebetwcc:nthe
materials fll'$landsecondaiticlllngles,theuluasonicwl\'C
d. ItlenlillionmelSurcments ICllCllted within the pan will be:
L2S1
1.longiludinal
65. Acousticallcnscs IU commonly used for contour b.shear
correction. When sCinning the inside ofa pipe c.surface:
seclion by the immersion method,usca: d. Lamb

L focused cup lens

b.COnvulcns 70. In Figure 4. transducer B is being used to checl::
c.colll:lYelcns
d.varllblepilChlcns L thcverifieationofwedgcanglc
F.4U b.reJOIution
c.$CIISitivityc.libration
66. InFigure3.t1ansducerAisbeingusedtocstablish: d. disance c.libr;ation

L veriflCltionofwcdgcugle
b. sensitivity c.libntion 71. The anglc II which 90 degree. refractiOll of thc Jhear
c. resolution WIve mode oec:ura is called the:
d.anindn.point
LZ66 I. fint critical angle
b.sceondaitic.langlc
c.thitdcritica1lltllc
d.lIIg1eofrencetion

31
 IS. For aluminum and steel, \he longitudinal vdoc!t)' is
I
Figure 4 approJ..imatcly thew-ve1cxiIY·

q
L equ-.JIO
b.lwiee
c.haUor
d. (our times

········?I 76. WIlcrtl1l~ldislancoerorimmenionil:l$pCdioDs

should be:
L..---"",F--' I
~
L JUdlthllthcKCOndfrontrenectiolldoesnol
appeacbelweulbefnlfronlandbac:krcfle<:tiOCls
b. eucdy 16 mm (3 in.)
c. Jeu than 76 mm (3 in.}
4.ahlfllysequallOthethic:kncssoflhcmatcrialbcin,
n. la'walcfimmerstontest.u1lrU01Uecnup'is impeaed
Iratlsmittedintol!eclatanillCicknlUIJ~Or F.A6.10
.4ckJreU. Whal is the angleoflhe refnctcd ahear
wavewilhinlhell\ltcriaJ? n. The cleclmnic: c:ircvill')' thaI allows selec:tioo and
V.",3.2xIO'crnls proeeuina of only thoR sip.ls rel,linglo
V._1.5x)O'cmls disc:ontinuities thai occur in spec:ific: ronao(a pMt is
(Tri,onoIDCtry Tlblcs Required) called:

a. .5ckpus •. anel«:lrolliclatc
b.23deJTCU b.anelectronic.ltCIlU.IOf
c. 31 decrees c.• disaneeamplitU<k:correetiOl'leirc:uil
d. Ilckpus d.• (judmarl=
8'>'14

73. If you were rt:ql.l«lcd 10 desi,n' plastic shoe to 78. When conduain,. contaet ultlUOnie test. the ''hW!''
~lIefate l Rayleigh ""'lV'C in aluminum, what would Of maul. li,n.1i thai appev in theeRT displ.y of
be the incMkIll &ngle ofthc ultruoaieellClJ)'? theUe.llbein,i~c:ouldbecallSCdby:

V.",].IXIO'cmIs L(jae~indll:llI'UC:lun:
V, .. 2.6xI0'c:mls b.dittinthe ...atercouplanl
(TriJOllOUlWY Tablu Required) c. roanepns in the 1lr\ICIun:
cl. .lhick but lapcmI blek lurface
L J7ckpc.s
b. fldecreu
c.75depa 79.lninspccUn,.I02mm(4in.)diame1erthreadedll«1
d.•'ckp.us c:ylinda" rlX rMiaI cneb utendin, from the rtlOI or
8'>'14 tbe1hreach,iIW'l)\lldbeprc:fenbktolralwll.it:

74. ColDpu\t.lhc wlvcknath ofultruonic enerlJ in kad L s.beuwaYCIMlUlan,lctolhettn.:ls

at I MH&. b.IonJitudinal ....YClfromtheendorthecylindet
....-,'--;;-7::7,=,- and perpendicular to the diRaion or the thread

""'"
c.$ur{ace .....vetlperpc:rlCliculartothethreadroots
d. .lbearI"'YClvourlClthecircumrcn:nceorlhc:
L 0.21 em cylinder
b.21c:m D.J<7
c.O."Iem
d. ".Ixlo--tc:m
8'>"

31
 Ullnuoflk Testillr Mdlootl, LAllI! II

10. In an immersiOn inspection of raw I'l\Ilerial.lhe water 86. The anlulup05ition ofthcreneetinl wrl"aa. ofa
tra~ldislanCeshouldbe: planardilCOlltinuilY withre$pOd to the entry swfacc
isrderTed to u:
L euctly 16 lMl (l ill.)
b.cqualto76mm(3ifl.)±t3mrn(:tO.5in.) Llhean,leofincidencc
c.cqualtolbe_ernvdd.ist.anecu.scdinsettiftl,,? b.thcanalcolrefnctioa
OIltherefereDCe5lMdanlt c.lheorientationofthediscontinuitJ
d.cquallolbelhic:knes.sclamataial d.nooeoCtheabove

II. TheatlllefonDedbylllluitrasoaic: .... vcuilUiten.

lrlediumofdifrereDlvekrilythaDlheonefnllrlwhic:b LacoaciJl_ _
iteame...sa1iIledra._perpendiculartolbe
in~betwccDlherwomcdiaiseallcddlcanJk b. apeabdDC'POItqc
or, c.aaultl'UOllic: ....vc
d.apuJsc
L iltcidenee
b.R!rac1ioa II. lnullrUOllicleSliDa.tiKtimedurano-oflhe
c. rarefaction transmilJal puJsc is referred 10 as:
d.rcflec:tion
8.1-11 L !he pulse lenJlh or pulse widlh
b.!hepulseamplibldc
It The pnlCCu of adjustin, an inslnlmenl or device to a c.thepulseahape
refereneestandardisreferTedlOu: dnoneoftiKabove
8.3-4.3-5
L Iftl'llation
b.leatlnin, 19. The pbenomenoa by ...hk:b. wave strikes. bouftdary
c. cOlT'OClin, fordisWlCCarnpJitl.!dev";ations and cban,cs r.he direction ofiu propaption within
d.ea1ibntion
....., r.he same medium is refUTed 10 as:

L divercenee
B3. Azj deefron lube in which. beam of elot:lrO!IS from b.impedance
the Ulhode is used to reproduoe an iDlqc on a C.UCUlalion
diJP1ay at Ihe end oflhe lUbe is refetred to u: d reflection
£.>IS
Laaampl..irIerlvbe
b.apulsert\lbe 90. The cbanac: in diteIction of an IlltrasonK bum when it
c.aealhodc,.ytube pu$CS fnlIrI_ medium 10 anacber whose vdacity
d..swuptubc diffen from dill oftbe rlnl medium is called:
10-10
Lre~
B4.AcrouPin'o('llurnbero(aysta1sinOM.~. b. ..-e.flCtion
with alJCOQlaet surfaee:s in thesamc pllllC, and c.aDlIllat:ion
vibrJtinr in ph&se with ucb other toxt as a sin,k d.reflec:tion
truJcluceriseallcda: D.23

L foeus.Ur'er)'stal 91.nccoaledilllidcsurf_ofthc~e.ndof.
b. aystalmosaic cathode ,.y Nbc which bocomcs lumillOllS wben
c. saubber stNd:byaneiclclronbeantiscalled:
d.sinllcplancmaniP'llator
Laneloc:troneun
b. an dot:tron amplifier
&so The anrJe ofrenot:tion is: e. anultrasorlicinSll\lmenld.ispl.y
d. an doc:troa eountel"
L eqlllllolbeanalcoCincidenee 10-10
b. depelllk:nlOtlthecouplanlused
c.dependentOtlthefTequencYllscd
d.equallOtheanlleofreJraetioa
£.>15

33
UlITQSoflfe Tntifll Mdhod, u~tll1

92. Which of the following modes of vibBtion exhibits 97. 1llc speed with which I.lltruonic waves travel through
the shortcst wavelength.t. given frcquency.nd in. .m.tcrial islr.nown as its:
givcnmatcri"'"
L velocity
•. A longiludinal wave. b.pulscrepctitionrate
b.Atompre5sionwave. c.pulscrccovcryratc
c. A shcarw.ve. d.ulcrasooicrcsponsc
d. A sudace w.ve. F.43.9,IU·S
E.110,E.114
98. Asubstanccthatl'educc.sthcSUrfacC!ClUionofl
93. lnCCllCflll.shcal"wavesan:morescnsitivetosm.1l liquid is refcrnd to as:
discontinuitics than longitudinal w.vcs foralivcn
freque.ncyandin·civenm'lerialbcc.usc: .. acOllplant
b.lnullrUO/licdampcnCf
L thew.vclenJlbofshcarw.vcsisshortertllantbc c.a_lting.gent
w.vclcnJlhoflongitudinl1wavcs d. noncofthc.bove
b.shcarwavesan:nOlascasilydispcnedinthe F.47..31
m.terial
c.thedi~onofparticlevibrat.ionfOfshcafw.ves 99. The ultrll$O\lic tnnsdocCfS me)$! commonly used for
is IlIOfescnsitivelodiscontinuitics discontinuilylestingutiliu:
d.thewlvelcnJlhofshcarwlvcsislongCf~thc
wavclenllthoflon,itudin.lwavcs a. maJnctoslrictionprineiplcs
D.296-304:F.45.11 b.piczoo:lcctricprinciplcs
c. modc convcrsion principles
'4. In acnc.nll. which of the following mOOcs of vibBtion d. noncofthe.bovc
would have the patcst pcnetTItinc power in. B.66-68:D.t17:F,43.4
coanc-znjncdm.tcrialifthefrcqucncyoflhcwavcs
are lhe lime? 100. MechaniClI.nd clecuical liability, insolubility in
Iiquids.•ndresist.ncctoagingarethrccadvantages
•. Longitudinal waves. ofu.nsducersmacleof:
b. Shcarwsvcs.
c. TransvcrsewavC$. L lithiumiulfltc
d. All of the .bove modes wO\lld have the same b.bariumtit.nate
pcneuatinJpower c. quartz
F.4S.5 d. Rochclleults
F.44.2: 1.154
91. AtestinJtcchniqueinwhichttlccrysllloruansducer
isparaJleltothetcslsurfaceandulU"lSOllicwaves 101.'Thcfonnula ~=~ isrefcrrcdtoas:
enterthcmateril1bcinJ!CstinJin.direction V, VI
pcrpcndiculutolhctcslsurfaccis: a. theacouslic.limpcdlllccralioformu[a
b.thcphascconvcrsionfonnula
I. suaichtbcamtcstinJ· c. thcFresncl zone formul.
b. anglcbcamlcstinc d.SncU'slaw
t. surfar::cwlvctesting F.43.IS;J.166
d.noncofthe.bovc
H.U:L2J3

96. 1l-=dbtane:efTomIJivcnpointonlllultra5Onic
wave to the neat com:sponding poinl is referred to as: a.InJIIlarrclltionships
b.phascvelocilics
L frequency c. amount of reflected sound energy
b. wavc1cnJlh d.acousticimpcdUlCC
c.velocity F.43.I5: L1J6
d.pulscJcngth
H.1-5:I.m 103. 1bc amount or enerBY reflCClOd from I discontinuity
is depcndcnt 00.:

'.lhcsiuofthcdiscontinuily
b. thc orientatioll of thc discontinuiry
c.thclypcofdiSCOlltinuily
d. a11ofthcabovc
F.4S.Z4

34
 Ullrwonie TftlliJIl Mdllod, until
164.lfanUltruonic:wl~istransmitled1lvouIhln 110. What kind OfWIV~1 trlvd III velocity sliptly less
inlUfau ortwo materi.aIJi in whidllbe rll'1l1 mataial lhanlhearwavc:sandtheirmocleofpropllitionis
I\a$ I bieber acou$lic impeduce value bulthe_ boIh IonptudlAal and lraILIVUK with rupect CO the
v~locil)'valueulbe5eeOlldrnatuial,theanlleof ""'~1
nel'nelioaorillbc:
I.llayleip ves.
L IfUleflhan1beanlleoliKidc.llC'c: h. Transverse va.
b. leu than tbc lUlJkor i."lcidtncc c:. L-_vu.
e.lhesameasthcanJkorineickar:e d.1..oftIitudinal_ves.
d. beyond the aitic:al MJIe
FAJ.15;LD6
Ill. Wbic:h u~ IeSI hquency woukI probIbIy
lOS. Whidlorthe rollowiDlf'requmciawouldprobtbl)' provick tile balpeaetndoll in13Om! (12 i•.) dIic:k
resuhialtle&JUleslu1tnsonie~loucs? JPCCimeaol_....ncdsted?

L I MIU L IMIU
b.2.2SMHz b.2.25MHz.
e.IOMHz dMlh
d.2.5MHI. d.IOMHz
H.J-l1

106. 'The prodllCl or the IOUnd velocit)' and the density ora 112. Durin, immusion testin, of an AS1M U1ulIOnie
matcrialisknownuthe: SW\dard Rderenc:e Block, I B.JC&ll prelCntlition
IYltem will lhow I:
a. net'nclionvaluc:orthemlic:rial
b.ac:ouslic:impedan~ofthemaluial L "plan M view of the bloc:k, sbowinllhc: &rei and
e. ~lulie c:oI'lSWll orlhe mat~rial position or the hole bottom as 5een from thc ftnuy
d.PoisfOn'lralioofthelllltaill .""~
FA3.t2;I.1J5 b. bWc:IoeAplillemshowinltheheiJhlorind.ieation
from the: hold botlom and ilS Joc:ation indc:pth
107. The ampIiflUran,eova whic:hthe UIISalIl1lllldlillll1 frcmthecnuyllllfaa:
responw ilKreaseI ia amplitude in PfOPO"ion co lbc: c:. UOSI section of the: nefcRllCe block, dIowinlltlc
disconunuilylurfaa:aruist!le: lOp and boaom IIIlfll:Clor!he. block aad!he.-
Iocalionorthcbole bottom in the~oc:k
L ICnsitivilyrante d._oltheabovc
b. vatic:alline.-ilyrurc: F.<7.J
e. IClectivilynn,e
d.horitontallillUrilyranre 113. Ptopettiesdsbe.-or trlt\lVU5e "'IVC:S used for
u1lRS011ic:testinlinc:lurk:

100.~in~nllroilcdorforledsurfll:eorithathia l.partir:kllll;llic.normaICOprtlPllaUondinec:tioll,
scalettwis,eaenJl)'tilhllyadhutnltothepan, lIlIl.pt'OpIIIlIiolIvclociryttwisabout1hthe
be~ore leSlinllhe part: Iont:itudinalwave velociry in the lime material
b.exc:epcioaallyhiplC./lIitivilyduclolow
Lcicanlbc:lIrlaa:ofloosescalc: ~nlWion resuitiDI from 1000Ier wlvclcn&lhs
b. tulveall sale nemoved wbeJl pt'OpIIIllinldwoup wiler
e·n:Jlllhmachinethelurfac:e c:. hip c:oupliq driCicnc:y because War ....Vell are
d.(Iluslic:eU:hlhesurfaa: IcsslCnsiuvc 10 swfaa: van.bles when InIvclinl
F.47.D-25 from.c:ouplin, liquid 10 thepllt
d.llIlDCofthellbovell.lterntnlSapp!)'toshearwues
109. The anIle ofneflec:tioa ofan ultrasonie beam 1111I H.1-11;1.133
a1uminurn·wllefintedaa:il:
114.OneorthelllOlt~nlflPliCitiOIlIofulln$Onic
L 0.256 times the lillie of ineidenec teSlS emplO)'inllhcv ",.vel is roc the:
b. appmxilllltcly lh the anll~ of inc:kIetlee
e. eqlllJlo Ihe anll~orinc:idc:nc:e' LdcteetlonordilCOOtinuitiuinwelds,tube.and
d. app"u.imat~ly 4 times the an&Je of inc:idenc:e pip<
FAJ.J4.15
........
b.dc:tetminatioaolelasticpropeniesormc:taIlk

c:.~oCllrniMrdiseonlinuitiesiDbeavypll1e
d.lIIeIIlIIUDeDIollhk:UclaoClhi.npl.ate
A..AS'TME-I64., ....... 1. 1; B.4-II: U70

3S
UltrQSonil: T~ltin, Mdhod, Lnrlll
1IS.Signilic.ntctToninulttuonicthickneu 121. In I basic pulseccho ullt1.SOnic instrument, the
me.l.5urementCin occur if: component dw coordinltes the action and timing of
OlhercomponenlSisc:ailedl:
•. thclcstfrequencyisvvyingalaconstantr.te
b.lhevclocityOfpropagationdevi.lessubstlflli.lly I.displlyunit
from.n.l.5sumcd CQlUlInt value for. given b.receivCf
m.terial c.markercin:uitorran8emarlcerci«:lIit
c.wateriscmploycd.l.5.couplantbetweenlbe d. synchronitcr, dock, ortimcr
nnsdlXerandthcpartbein,mc.l.5ured FA3.28
d.norIcofthcaboveshouldClll$CetTOI"S
F.<O.17,5O.5 122. In a ba.sic pulseec:bo 1I1trasonic ill$trumenl, the
component that produces !he voltacc that ICtivltes
116.Gencrally,thebestulb'1lSOflictestin,mcthodfor the transdllCCfisc:ailed:
de!cctingdiscontinuities orientcd along thc fusion
zoncin._klcdplatei.s: a. 111 amplifier
b.lreceiver
a. .n anale beam conlllCl method usina smace WiveS c.• pulser
b.aconlACttestusina·slraiahtlonaitudinalw.vc d.asynchronilCl"
c.•n imrnenion test usinl smace WiVes H.)'3
d. an an,le beam melhotlllsinlihear Wlvel
Fo48.l1;1.170 l2J.lnabasicpulseec:houltrasonicinstntment,the
component that produccs the time base: line is c.lled
117. An IIltrtsonic teltinlinllfUmentthatdispl'yspulscl
repn:scntingthcm.gnitudeofrenectcdllltrtsOllndas
• function oftimc or dcpth of metal is said to contain: a. sweep circuit
b.reC"civCT
•.• continuous w.ve displly c.pulser
b.lnA-scIl1JlfCKntation d.synchronizcr
c.• B-Kanprescntation H.2.-11
d. .C-sc.npresentation
F.4J.19; H.31,3-7; 1.141 124. In I basic pulse cchoultrlSonic inltrument,the
component that produces visible li,ntll on tile CRT
118. AI.wltcr-stccl inlcrfacclhell111cofincidenccin wllich arc used to measure di$l.ancc is callcd a:
water is 7 degrees. 'The principal mode of vibration
thatexislSinthcslcclil: a. swccpcircuit
b.mll1kercircuit
I.longitudinll c.receivercircult
b.lhcar d.lynchronitcr
c.bothlll1db
d.surfacc
H.Z.Z6 125. Most basic pulse echo 1I1l1UOnic instruments use:

119. In I liqllidmedillm. thc onty modcofvibration thai a.lutorlUlticread-outequipment

can exisl is: b. anA,scll1prcsentation
c.IB-scanpresentatioo
a.longiludinal- d.IC-SCll1prcsentatioo
b.""" F.43.Z9;1.2A0
c.bolhaandb
d.lurfacc 126. 'The instrument displlY' I plll1 view ofthc part
H.2.-11iU33 outlineanddefcct5whenw;ing:

120.ln an ultrasonic inltrument, thc number of pulses '.llItomlticread-outequipment

praduccd by 111 instrumenl in I ,ivcn period of time b.anA-lCIIIprcsentatioo
is known as thc: c. aB,sclllpre$entauon
d.IC,sclllpresentation
a.pulselcnJlhoflbeilUtrurnenl F.43.34;L143
b.pulsereeovcrytitnc
c.m.quency
d.pulserepetitionralc
Fo43.1t,L251
 U!muo"k Ttsti", Mtl1lod, Lt,d /I
127. The incidcnl&lI&ksat which 9Ode"c:~ rehc:tion of IJ3. IncontliC1 ICSlinl,shc:ar WlIVCSClltl be induecd inthc
Ioalitudinal &Ild s.hur WIlVCS occun are called: Ic$IllUIlCfilllby:

a.lhc:nMNIllllle:sofiDl:idertce a. p1lcilll .... X-<:ut crystal ditt:ctly on the swt"lCCof

b.lheaitical ancJes 1hclnltCfillls,andcouplinlthrnugh.fiImofoil
c:. the a.'Ilks ofmuimvrn rellccUon
cl_ollhc:!lbove
E.l17;Ul'
........
b. u:sin& IWO truudlaCerS on opposilC ~ ofltlc Ir.SI

c. plIci"'I&phc:ricaIlCOUStiekJuoathc:fICCOftbc

"""""""
d. usial' uv.sducer mounled 011. p1utic waite 10
thIltsoundcnlCtllhcpMaleanp

L lonJiNdiaal ..... va
b.War_ves 134.MfreqUC rlCY illCl"ClSellillullnlOllX:Ie$liI I,lbeUlic
c. LambWIlW:li ofbeuudi¥CI'J'CnClCOrl&ivcndi&mdc:rct)'Stll:

."""'-
d.lUykip _ _
IL2-J1;Ll33
b. rctMinsullCtwleed
129. The modeohibtatiOll that is qukklydampcd 0111 c. inaeues
whenle!tinlbylhc:imrnersionmc:lhodis: d. vll'iesuniformlythroulheac:h ....veknet/1
&214; FAU; L1M)
a. lonlitudinlllwllvcs
b.Ihc:IltWIVCS 135. Which ofthc rollowilll is Mt an Ildvantqc ofconltoCl
c.lrlnlVcrsewlves
d. wrfac:cWIVes
H.2-23;1.234
.....,
uhruonicU'llnsducen(probcs),dapledwithluc:ite

130. The motion ofpatticl~ in I Wilt wive is:
a. paralkllolhedirec:tiOllofpropalltionoflhc:
ull1UOlUc:bum
L MoslofthectylllllwClfisc:litrtinaled.
b. AdaptIltionlocllrvedJud"ICCSis pennilted.
c.Scns.itivityisincrcased.
d. U1lr1SOUndisallowedloenlulpart'ssurfaccll.
obliqucllnlles.

.....
b. IrMSvene 10 the directiotI of bc:am propIlltioa
e.limiledlOthellWerillsurfac:eandellipUalia
136. 1be ¥c:locity of_lid is the to...·c:sl in:

•. -
d. polvil.edin IpllnC1l4SdelfUStolhedUeetion
ofbeun~lllioe .m
M.2-18; Ll33
c. Ilhnninum
131.AnulUUOllitloatitudilllll_vclrlvelslnlllumia\lln d.p1llstic
with I vdoc:ily of635000an/s and has Il frequcnq H.2-18;LDS
of I MHz. The wllvcknet/1 of this ullrlSOnic ......ve i$:
137. A IoI'IIitllllillll u11t1SOl1ic: WIve is trusmilled from
a. 6.35 mm (0.15 ill.) .....terillIOSIc:clllllnlllJ1c:of'degreesfTomlhc:
b.7Imta(3.liL) llOmIII.l.asuchllcllSe.ltlcrefnctedlllJleofthc:
c:.1.9m(6.35(I) truSftrK WIl'le is:
d.30000A
FAJ.9;LDJ a. less than the refncted Ill\llc: of the km&iludinlll
w.~

132. Therel'rlletionAnllcoflonJitudillll!ultn.soniewllves b.C(jlll1lOtherefrac: ted llllleofthc: lon liludillll

passinlt'romwllterintolmc:tIllJic: mltcrial II Anllu WJve
OIher than normal 10 the intClfIC:C is primllrily Il c.(I"CIllCrthantbc:rc:fracte.danglc:ofthc:longitllllinll
function of: WIVC
d.nolPfC$Cnllllll
a. the impcdllrK:e ratio (r. z.;z,,> of_tu to meu! H.1-20; U36
b.lhc:rcIativcveloc:iti~ofsoulldinwIllCfandmc:taI
c. the frCqucncy of the ultnsonic beam 131. Theftloc:ilyoflonliludilllllwaVCI is thc: hIlhc:Jt in:
d. the densily ratio of Wilier to metal
H.2-14;Ul'

K.1-11; UJ,5

37
UlJnuoAic Ttl/ill, M,11u>t/., LAwl II

139. Tn ueel, the ...docily of 50Ulld is puIe$l in: 14'."Thentiobelwt.eI\the .......e speed in one material IIld
the ... ,¥cspecdin,~malerialiscalled:
L lon,iludin,lwl"'cs'
b. meu ... vcs Lthe~icimpedallCCoflheinterl"ace
e.lu:rfacewlvcs b. YOIlng'smodulus
d.noneoftheabove-lOUndvelocilyisidenticalin e. Poisson', ntio
all mO!ks,in I given m.alerill d. the induofn:fraetion
H.1- 18 i L135 D."
1040. The KOIUtie impedance is: 146. "The upansion I.lld eonl1Xtion of. mapetie rnalerial
under the iAnuc,," of. ehan,i"g UlI,netic field is
L usedloe.alellll\t;tbean,leoCrefleetion n:fem:dtoas:
b.lheprodudoflbedcnsityoCthemaleriallJ'ldthe
Ydocity of IOIIIld in lhe awmaI L piezocl«trieity
'" fQllnd by 5...:11'. Law b.rdnctiOll
d. used to cktuminc raonanee ... l1l1C1 e.m.a,IldOllrietioa
H.Z.JS;J.2J5 d.rut:faetion
D.l$O.153
141.Thinshcelmlybeinspected""ithlheultrasonie"'l~
directed nonnaI to the lurface by ob$eNin,: 147. The ntiooflln:ss to slf'lin in.m.aterial withinihe
elastic limit il called:
L Ibe ampliludcoflhe f'ront surface n:nection
b. tbe multiple n:fIectioI:IpallQ1l L YOUR,'I modulll5
'" a1lfrontsunltCrefJed.ioft, b.lhemoclulusofelastieit)'
cl.llOncolthe.tlove '" bodllandb
D.3'I-)99 d.theinduoln:fraction
F.Ul0
142. A diapvn in whieh the entin: elrcuil 5IIge Of sections
ueiJIownbygcometriefiprellndthcplthofthe 148. A point, line. or ,urface of a ,'ibnting body marked
li,naIOfcnergybylinesandlorarrowlilealleda: by abSOlulC Of n:laljve freedom from vibralGr')'
mOlionilrcferTedtoas:
1.lChemabcdi.,ram
b.bllXprinl L .....
e. bkxk disarm' b.anantinode
cl.noneoftheabove c.rvcJaetioll
d.comprnsion
8..856; 0.9; F.51.1
143.AboIeproduecdduringlbe5Olidifieationofrnetal
due loe.s.capin,gucs is "Ued: J49.The faetorLhatdclCnninuthearnOllnto(renectioalt
the inlerface of IWO dissimilu m'leri,,11 is:
L ,bunt
b•• coldlhut L the indu of rarefaction
e.flaItin, b.thefrequencyofthcultrlSonicw,,~
d.ablowilok: c. Youn"lmoduhl$
1..514 d. ihe acOllSlic impedance
8.1-,.
144. AdilaJDciAuity ihaloca,an durin,tbe ea51in,ol
moI~D meW which may be eavscd by the Iplashing. I~. A qllllU aysuJ CUI so thaI iu major faces are panlle1
lIIfJiAI,intcmlpledpouriDg,OfthemcetinJollWo toiheZIJ'IdYuesandpcrpendiculutotbeXuisis
IIlUms of metal coming from different directions is caIled:
ealled:
•.• Y<utcry,tat
L .bunt b.anX<ulcryllal
b.aeo1dlhut c.aZ-cvtcrystat
e.flakin, d. a zr<ut cryllal
d. a blow bole
H.7.10

38
 Ulmuonk Tutillr Mf!fhod, lAvel It
151. 1be equation describin, wlvcJenjth in terms of
velocitynndfrcquellCyis: 157. Beamdive'1enee is a function of the dimensions of
the crysuJ and the wavelensth of the beam
a. wnvelength = ve1OC;ly x freql,lency transmitted through a medium, and it:
b. waveltngth=t(frequcncyxvcloc;ly)
e. wavelenjm=velocily.freql,lency a. incfCI.SCsifthcfrc.qucncyorcrystaidiametef
d. wavelenjth .. frcquency+velocily
H.2-5 """""
b. decrc.asesifthefrequcnc:yorerysaJdiamelC!
""""",
152. Whoen Inultsuonic beam rcachu the interface OflWO c. i/ICfU$Cs if the frequency incmues and cry5la1
di$SimilarlTIlItepais it is: diameterdccruscs
d.dccruscsifthefrc.qucncyisincrc.asesandcrystal
a.reflected diameterdeaeases
b.rcfrlcltd JU.30
e. modcconverted
d.a1loftbcabove 158. 1lIewave1engthofanultnsonic wave is:
JU.11
.. directJyproponionaitoveloc:ityindfrcqUCllCY
153. When inspectin, aluminum by the immenion method b.ditcctJyproportiostalto~loc:ityandinvmcly
usina water for a couplant. the (ollowing information proportional to frequency
is known: c.inverselyproponionaltovclocityanddircctly
veloc:ity ohound in walef" 1.49 x H)l emfs. proponionaltol'requency
velocily of lon,iludinal waves in aluminum =
6.32 x IO'emls,and an,le of incidence =
5 degrees.
d.equaltothcproductofveloc:ityllldfrequency
=,
1beanJleofrefr-etion forlonllitudinal waves is 159. 1lle fundamental frcqllCncy of a piezoelecuie crystal
approximately: is primarily a runc:tionof:

a.22degrees a.thelengthoftheapplicdvoltaJepulsc
b.l8degrces b. thcamplifyhlJcharacteristicsofthcpulse
c.26degrees amplifier in lheinstrumenl
d.16deJrees c.tl'lc:thickne$Softhecrystal
H.2-24 d. none of thc above
£.223;H.6-11
154. Of the piezoeleclfic materia1s listed below. thc most
emcient sound tr"ilnSmiller is: 160. Acoustic velocities of malerials arc primarily due to
thematerial's:
a.lithiumsulfate
b.quaru a.densily
c. bariumtiWlate b.elasticity
d.silvefoJtide e.boIltaandb
1.255 d.acousticimpedance
fU-17
IS5. Of the pie:roelectric materials listed below, the most
emcient sound receivefis: 161. Inspection ofcastinp is often impnclical becaII5e of:

a.lithiumsulflle a.ull'emelysmallgrainSlfUCtul'C
b.quartz. b. coarsesain struettII'C
e. bariumtiWlalC c. uniform now lines
d. silver'o:dde d.uniformvelocilyofsound
H.....37; 1.190

1S6. 1lIe mostcommOllly used method of producing shcar 162. Lambwavcs maybe used 10 inspect:
waves in atesc part when inspectins by the
immcnion method is: a.forJinJS
b.barSiock
L bytransmittins longitudinal wavu into a part in a c.inSots
dircctionpcrpcndicullflOiufrontswface d.wnshect
b. by usinS tWO crystals vibrating al diffcn:nt JU.29
. . . . . .K • •
c. bYll5insaY-culquanzClyltal
d. by angulating theseareh lube 10 the prQpCfMSlc
1.25S
39
163. The formul.. u$ed IOdetennine the angleofbcam 169. Beclus.elhc: "e1oeilyofsound ill aluminum is
di¥Ulenc:e of IqlWU ayst.IJ is: appro~JnAlely245000in.Js,(orsound'otnlvel
th:"ough 25 mm (I ift.) of aluminum. il takes:
L sine .. di-.meter'hx ....vekngt!l
b. sia e di.mda '" frequellC)' x WII"elen(lh L'II$
Co siae .. frequenqrxWII"e1ellgt!l b.4~
d. Allen '" 1.22 x ...velengthldiameta d=
H.:z..30 d.'/4XIO's
uu,m
164. The rcsol:"ingJlOWU ofl uansducu is directly
prnpcxtionaltoit:s: 170. When IC5tin". part with. rough surface. il is
genenJl)' ad"isablelo use:
.I. diamelu

..
b.blndwidth L • lower frequenc:y transduc:erand I m(ft yiscous
c.pulsercpetilion couplantUanii used on paruwilh.slTlOOlh
d.noncoflheabove
.., ,wf~
b.• higherfrequencytransduc:erlndlmDl'e"iscous
couplanl than is used on Jl.IIU wilh, NnOOth
1~.AcoosticknselemcnlS
""~
..ith ..hicho(thefoilowing
permit (oeusingthe.aulldenefJYto Ulterc)'lindrieal c.• higber frequency transducer and ,less visc:ous
surfac:esllOl'mlll)'oraloftg".linc:foc:us? couplant than is IlSCd on pmu Mill • smooth

L CyIindric:alCWV&lUfCs. ""~
d.• Io"'-a fmluenc:y tnnsduc:er and. ku vitcOUS
b.Sphc:rlc:allcllSC\lfV&lUfeS. couplant than is used on Jl.IIU willi. smooth
Co Coa"ushapc:s.
d.Conc:aveshapes. ""~
US9
171. Ref1ectiOll indications from. weld uu beinl
166. In ItIc: basic pulse echo instrument, the synchroniur. inspecled by the anIle bum technique may rcpesent:
clock.orumercircuildclenninellhc::
L porosity
•. pulsclenlth b.crack$
b·I·in c._ldbcsd
c.pulsercpetilionl"Jte d. a1lo(thc.bo... e
d.l ....eeplenllh IU..35
1.170
112. Durinll leSI usinl A·sc..n equipment, Slronl
167. Theprinury requirement of. painlbr\lsh tnIIsduccr is indiCitionsthatmove""aryinll"JlcSlICtoSsLhc:
thlt: IClUninlhchorilOnUldi~OlIappear.ltis
impouiblc to rc:pc.ll. particul.... scrc:t:n plttcm by
L .II ay$tals be mounted equidiSWlI from c:ach ocher scanninlwsamc:aru. Apos5ibleCl",seofthcse
b. the: inteMily of the bclm pIUCfn lKll VIr)' lrutl)' indic:aliouu:
o¥Cflhc:entirelcnllllofthetransduca
c. the: fund.uncntal freql.lCtIC)' ofwaywJs not VIr)' L porosityinwleStpa.r1
mcnthanO.OI" b. an incplarly sMpcd end:
d.lhc:overailknpnotCllceed76mm(3in.) c.• b1owhok
L15. d.ele<:lricalinlc:rfcrenc:c:-

161. HCllc:onduct.ion,viscoulfrictiOll,elasLichySlU'Csis,
and ICJllCring are four differenl mechanisms which 173. In an A-1IC.Ill pn:sc:nl.ltion, the hotiwnlalline formed
lead to: by the unifOllll and reputed movement of.n c1ecuon
bc:amllC:rtlUthcf1UOfCscenllCrc:cnof.a\hodcl"J)'
L Inenultion lubc:isalled;
b.rcfnction
c. beam$pl'Udin& L .. 5QUUtl .... veplltc:rn
d.llulrllion b•• swcc:plinc:
LDI c. .I!Ilad=pancm
d.lKlniCoftbc ....c
JL1.11
114. 1hc pute:st amount of 11Icnaation Iouu ~ke pl~ 179. Low frequellC)' sound WlYeS are not gcnenlly ~ 10
It; lutlhinmaterialsbea\aseof:

.. IMHot a.lbtrapidlltenuatiolloflowfnquc:nc:yIlOUDd
b.2.2SMHot b.itM:OlJlptiblewt"clallths
c.SMHot c.poor_-S\ld.ce~ution
d.l0MJU d._oflbeaboycwillae:tua!lylimitsuchttest
11.4-12 U34

17S.Wlvalhtllnlvelaroul'ldCf'dllalc:urveswithlit1leor lBO.WhcftUliftJrwosepwtle~(onet
tIOrefleetioa from lhecurvc are e:.tlkd: lnI\SlDitler,lheOlhc:rI n:c:eiver), thc:most tfrlCic:1IC
mmbioaUoa woWd lie a:
.. tn/ll\lc:ne ....ft$
b.JUrf.ceWtves .. quIIU tnnsmillcr IIId t btrilllD titanllt reaiva
c:.W-Wtva b. barium titlnlle tnnsmitter and a lithium 5U1fllC
d·1onlitudinalwtva rec:eiva
fU.ll,1-ZI c. Iithiwn wlflle tnulSmillet and, barium tiunJJC
rec:eiv"
176. TOtvtlutletndac:e:ut1lldyloc::alttlisc:ontinuiliatfler d. bllium tittntlC tnnlmilter and, quaru rec:eiver
Ktnninltpanwilhtpainlbnish~r,ilil 1.157
Icneral1ynecessarytouset:
181.lnimmenionteltinl,lheIllXCSSOf)'tquipmtnIIO
t. transduc:erwjlhtsmtlltrc:rys~1 whic:hthc:searc:hC:lblelndthctrtnsduccrtre
b.scnlbbt.r IttachediICilled,:
C:·lridmtp
d.c:rystalc:ollimtlor a. c:rysttlcollimllor
H.J.15 b.Kr\lbber
c.jel·strumunil

L_
In. AJl ullruonic: inSlTUlI'M:nl hal bun c:t1ibRted 10 obtain d.lUl'ChUlbeorfCa/lninltubc
lSI mm (2 in.) indie:tlion from t 2 mm (0.01 in.) H.3-11
dilmClU flit bottom bole I~ed 76 mm (3 io.) from
thcfrontsurf~ofanalurninumrercrenc:tbloc:k. 182. In acncnJ,diJcoatinuilies in wrcuth1producu Itnd to
Wbc:n\CSlinaanalwnillumfor,in"ISIIlUlI(2io.) bcoritnted:
indtc:ttiollisobtaiDedfromtdisc:ollliltUilyloc:a&ed

-
76 mm (l iAo) from lhe CI'Itry surfac:e.. 1hc crou
S«tiontlaruofthisdi~ftIlilyilprobably: b. in 1M direc1ion of p-ain now
c. at rilht tnllalOw entry surface
a. 1M same u 1M aruol\he 2 mm (0.01 in.) nat no....
......
b·llUIuthanthc:arttofthe2mm(0.OIill.)RaI
boo~_
d. II ricbl tnlleslO the Jrain
H.7·37

183. In immcnioa testin.. irrelevanl or false indic:atioM

c. IliJht.ly kssthanlhearuofthc: 2mm(o.OlI ilL) aused by COlItourtd surfaces ~ likely 10 rallli i~ t:
flat bonomholc
d. abou\ l lzlhearcaoflhe2mm(0.08io.)flat a.broId-bueclindicttion
boo~_ b. pelbdindic:ation
L26' c. '1ttshy~ silnal
d.lWl"ow·btsedirKIicltioll
111. Allhe impedana ratio oflWO dissimilar mltcrials
i_.thepen:enu.itofsoundcoupledthrou,htn
inttntccofsuc:hmllcritls; 184. Inconteltesti~.,defeclS nurthe entrysurftce
e:tJInottlwlySbcdelectedbectuseof:
L d"".."
b.inc:ruscs a. the fU-ficld effect
c:.isnot.c:han.ed b.ttlelllWion
d. mlyillClUSCordec:rust c.thedcadzone.
d.refraction
FAJ.31; 11.4-20
lIS. II C&K.lI...ttere the dimnetu oflubinl beinl ins.peeled 191. 1bc Ilttofpanllc1ism between tbccnlf)' surflCCand
issnallcrlhanthediamcterofthetnn54ueer.wtw the batt wrf.cc:
euI be; wed 10 confine the sound bum 10 the propu
1VIllcofancles' I. lI'IIy reslll! in I screcn palltrn thaI does noteontain
blc:krencctionindit.tions
l.aSCl'\lbber b.mlkesitdiffitulttO]OC:ltcdi5COntinuiticsthlllic
b.• collimllor panllcl 10 the cnlfy surfltc
c.•nanllcplaneIflJUlator c. lISually illdicaus WI I porous tondition u.isu in
d.• jeBttumunil
FA7.J1 ""' ......
d.cleerusesthepcnetBlinlpowerofthelesl.
1U-J1
1&6. The mu.imum sc:annilllsp«d poa.iblc is primarily
delumincd by: 192. Acfueontinllilywith I eoncavcsurfac:c;,wil1:

L theftequc:nc:yoflhc:tn.IIJ4uc:er L diffu,.,thelOllndCllCTJYlhrou,houlthepan
b.yiscousdrl.lproblenui b. "'UM: the reneeled be;am to focus II I point
t.lhepulscrepctilionnlcoflhctc5tinstl\lmcnl dclcnnined by thc turvllllre ofthcdiscontinully
d. the persistcl\(:y of the ulllUOnk insuumc:nl display c. clu.sc.modcreinfon:emcnloflhculttasonicw.ve
F..... d.C.lllscnoncoftheabove
FA.5.2A
187. The propeny ofc:cn.ain lI'IIurials 10 usnsfonn
ckarical cnc:1J)' 10 mcdJ&nital enc:rl}' aDd vioe veru J93.RaylciJltwl\'C$:
iscallcd:
L are JUCnIed aI the (U'St crilic:al anile
L modcconven.ion b.areeencraledllthescc:ondaiticalanile
b.picLoeletlric:cffCCl c. areJCllCralcdllCilhcrc:riticalanlk
t.refrlClion d.U'lYelonlyinl1iqllid
d.impedlnecmalthinl c. are lnother namc fOf Lamb WIVes
8.66-69; D.1I7-1:.4; ".2-7

III. SurflCCw,vcslfcrc:dutcdtoancIlUIY Ienlof 194. Anllc bum Il!slinl of pillc will oflcn miss:
appro1ill\llcly Ihsoflhe oricinal poweralldqllh of:
L a1ICtslhatareperpendic:ullflO the sound w.ve
L 2j;mm(1in.) b. inc:lusions Ihat arc randomly oriCllled
b.I02mm(4in.)
t.lwavclenrth
d.4wanlenrths
&1-31
d.lseriesofsmaDdiseonlinuitics
. ,.,
c. laminations lh.at arc panikllO!he fl'Olll surface

195.Reduc:inlthcCJItenloflhedcadro~oflu-ansduecr
119. Topunnl the appclfantcoflhcsctond frontsurfatc by usinl I dclly tip n:lullS in:
inditllionbcforclhefintbad:rencetionwhcn
inspcctiq aluminum by the immcnioa IMlhod L improved distance amplitude comaion in !he ~If
(WIler is used 15 I c:ouplanl). il is ncccSiU)' 10 h.an I f.~
millimllmofIl1cul2j;1NII(1 in.)ofwaterforcvc:ry: b. reduc:edfrequeDCYmlhcprimaryultruorUc:bcam
c. rcduc:edabili!)'todclectfla...... indJenear(1C1d
L 51 mm(2 irr..)ofailimirr.um d. improw:d ac:c:unc:y ia lhic:t.nc5s mculnman of
b.l02mm(4irr..)ofailiminllm Ihi.nplllcaDdshec:1
c.152mm(6in.)ofailoUn-inllm c. Ilontoflhclbove
d. 203 nun (I in.) of a1wninum
....., usa
1%. In I pllu, sk.ipdiltane:e: can bc c:alcuilled from which
190.Inc:reuinllhckllJthoflhepulM:wedlOlttiValelhc ofdJe foUowin, formulas wherr. (I '"" pille thickness.
InnsdlKU"will: 8: anIle of IOUIId beam n:frac:tion. aDd V _ sound
veloo!)'):
L inausc Ihc ItrellJlh of the wlrISOUnd bot decraIe
Ibcrcsoh'illl power of Ihc itl5lnlml:nl L S_(2lll)/LII:l8
b. inc:reascthcn:solviZllpowuoflbcinstnll'l\oml b. S,.2ll1XsiIl8
c.. haV'C-DOdrCClODIbcIal c. S_2XtXWl8
d. decrease Ibc ~trltion of the sound ....ve d. S,.2xVxsin8
H.3-11,4-20 e.nOllCoflhcabovc
 Ultrason.ic TCltiJll Mrtllod, Lt~·tlll

197. lk t«l'Iniquc of uaminin,an uhruonic ~nectO'f 201. In immersion shear wave lestin,. WI....:S In nonnl1ly
from differen! directions mi,," be uloeClto enable the ienenced byanculatin,lhetrwtsducerbeyondlhe
lCCbnicianto: rltSlcritical Ul,Ie. What is lhedirectionoflhe
material's partick motioll?
.. distinpiih belween different!)'pCs of flaws
b. pmlictrheusefLl1servicelifeolthetestspcc:ilnUl .. 'The same as the wave propagation.
c. diSliquish beI_n flaw indawns Md s.purious b. NonnaIlothelnl1Cria.lsurf~
orfalKiAdications c. PaBllelIO the direWOli of wave propa,atioa.
d..111ohhcabo....: dPefpendieulll'tolhedircctionofwave
c.lIOClCallheabo¥c propIlllion.
1.241 c. Only SudlCe Wlva uisted beyOfld lhe (ltSe aitia.l
M ....
191.1'bepriKipaiapplic:lt.ionsofulutsOnicteehniques LDJ
CODS~of:
202. 'Whic:b of the followinl modesofYllnUon IR
.. nawdelcC:OOn quic:k.Iyclampenedouc w he.nlCSlin,bylheilflmCl'Sion
b. lhicknc.ss musurCmallS method?
c. Oc:lc:mUnatioaofdasticmoduli
d.. aU oflhe above I. longitudinal waves
e.noneoflheabove b.sheIrWl~s
F.4l..2 c. u.J!Jvelle WIVes
d.sllrflCewl~s
199. AlIenualionislhelossoFlhellhrasonie waveenu,y H.2-32
durin, lheeoursc of propa,Ition in the mllerial due
to; 203.1lle mOJiI commonly used Tmthod ofproducin'5hear
wavesinll~partwheninspe<:lin,bylhe
I. renec1ionand rdrxlion immersiOflmethodis:
b. dis.pen;ionand diffrKIion
c.absorptionandSC=allerin, .. by nnsmittin, lonliludinal waves inlo I pan in a
d. c:omposition and shape diTection pelpCndicularto ilS front surflCe
e.allofthelbove b. byusin,lwoerysLllsvitntinllldiffuent
0.103 frequenc:ic.s
c. byusin, Y<ulqultUaysal
200. W1'Icnscnin, upanultruonic inspectioft.thc d.byanplatin,thcsclf'ChtubeormanipulltOl"lOlhc
rcpetitionfrequencyoflheultruonic:il'lSll'Wnenl proper anIle
should be scc H.J.12

.. soltwilSperiocIisatlustaslon,uthcopaatin,
,~

b. the same u lhe U'aJ'lSdueer rcsonantt frcquefley

c. U low u possible 10 I"oid ovupulsin, and
dislol'tion
d.lCI:ordin,lolheinslNCtiOllnunuaJofthe
ilUU\lmcne
e.noneoftheabo~
0.111·1'4

43