Professional Documents
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GBI Introduction
GBI Introduction
Version
2.01
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CASE STUDY
Notes
Global Bike Inc. has a pragmatic design philosophy that comes from its
deep roots in both the off-road trail racing and long-distance road racing
sports. Nearly 20 years ago, its founders designed their first bikes out of
necessity—they had races to win and the bikes that were available at the
time did not perform to their extremely high standards. So, they took
matters into their own hands and built legendary bikes that would outlast
and outperform the competition. From these humble origins, Global Bike
Incorporated was born and continues to deliver innovative high-
performance bicycles to the world’s most demanding riders.
This heritage of entrepreneurial spirit and quest for design perfection is still
the cornerstone of GBI’s corporate philosophy. GBI produces bikes for the
most demanding competitors—whether the competition is on pavement or
dirt, for money, fame or just bragging rights.
John Davis earned his racing scars in the mountain racing circuit in
America, where he won numerous downhill and cross-country
championships. Early on, John realized that the mass-produced bicycles
available were inadequate in many ways for the type of racing he was
doing. So, John stripped four of his old bikes down to the bare metal and
rebuilt them into a single “Frankenstein” bike that he rode to win the
national championship. Once news of his Frankenstein bike got out,
John’s friends and even his competitors began asking him to build them a
Frankenstein bike too. While recovering from an injury in 1990, John
started producing the first series of Frankenstein bikes in his garage—each
one custom-built from cannibalized parts from other bikes. As more and
more orders came in, John successfully expanded Frankenstein Bikes from
his garage operations into a full-blown manufacturing facility in Dallas and
began producing custom trail bikes which he sold through a network of
specialized bike dealers throughout the country.
At nearly the same time, halfway around the world in Heidelberg,
Germany, Peter Schwarz was studying engineering and competing in
regional touring races on weekends. In between his races and studies,
Peter worked at a bike shop in Heidelberg, fixing student bikes and tuning
the touring bikes that he and his friends rode for competitions. As Peter’s
reputation as a fierce competitor and mechanical wizard grew, he also
began to design and build road bikes based on an ultra-light composite
frame that he had created for one of his engineering courses. Peter’s
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Figure 1:
Organizational Structure
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Figure 2:
Enterprise Process Map
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Notes
Due to several tax and export issues, GBI’s headquarters is located in
Dallas and GBI is registered as a US company, following US GAAP
accounting standards. GBI operates a subsidiary company, GBI Europe,
which is based in Heidelberg and is subject to IFRS accounting standards
and German tax regulations.
Material planning, finance, administration, HR and IT functions are
consolidated at the Dallas headquarters. The Dallas facility manufactures
products for the US and export markets and its warehouse manages product
distribution for the central US and internet retailers. GBI also has
warehouses for shipping and export in both San Diego and Miami. San
Diego handles West Coast distribution and exports for Asia, while Miami
handles East Coast distribution and Latin America exports.
GBI Europe has its headquarters in Heidelberg Germany. The majority of
research and development is housed in the Heidelberg offices. Heidelberg
is also the main manufacturing facility for GBI in Europe. The Heidelberg
warehouse handles all shipping for southern Europe. The Hamburg
warehouse handles all shipping for the UK, Ireland, Middle East and
Africa. GBI sells its bikes throughout the world and employs
approximately 100 people, 2/3rds of the employees are in the US and the
remaining 1/3 in Europe.
Organigram
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Notes
GBI is a world class bicycle company serving the professional and
“prosumer” cyclists for touring and off-road racing. GBI’s riders demand
the highest level of quality, toughness and performance from their bikes
and accessories.
Product development is the most critical element of GBI’s past and future
growth. GBI has invested heavily in this area, focusing on innovation,
quality, safety and speed to market. GBI has an extensive innovation
network to source ideas from riders, dealers and professionals to
continuously improve the performance, reliability and quality of its
bicycles.
In the touring bike category, GBI’s handcrafted bicycles have won
numerous design awards and are sold in over 10 countries. GBI’s signature
composite frames are world-renowned for their strength, low weight and
easy maintenance. GBI bikes are consistently ridden in the Tour de France
and other major international road races. GBI produces two models of
their signature road bikes, a deluxe and professional model. The key
difference between the two models is the type of wheels used, aluminum
for the basic model and carbon composite for the professional model.
GBI’s off-road are also recognized as incredibly tough and easy to
maintain. GBI trail bikes are the preferred choice of world champion off-
road racers and have become synonymous with performance and strength
in one of the most grueling sports in the world. GBI produces two types of
off-road bike, a men’s and women’s model. The basic difference between
the two models is the smaller size and ergonomic shaping of the women’s
frame.
Figure 3
GBI Finished Products
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Figure 4
GBI Trading Goods
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Notes
GBI operates two production facilities, Dallas and Heidelberg. Each
facility has three assembly lines and can produce around 1000 bikes per
year. Total production capacity is roughly 6000 bikes per year, but can be
increased by 15%-20% by using overtime hours and part-time workers.
GBI has outsourced the production of both off-road and touring frames and
the carbon composite wheels to trusted partners who have specialty
facilities to fabricate the complex materials used. GBI maintains very
collaborative research and design relationships with these specialty partners
to ensure that innovations in both material and structural capabilities are
incorporated into the frames. GBI primarily assembles semi-finished
goods into finished goods at its production facilities. Finished goods are
either stored in the local warehouse or shipped to other regional distribution
centers to fulfill customer orders.
Figure 5
GBI Raw Materials
GBI Semi-Finished Goods
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Notes
Given the highly specialized nature of GBI’s bicycles and the personalized
needs of riders, GBI sells its bikes exclusively through well-known and
respected Independent Bicycle Dealers (IBDs). These dealers employ staff
members who are experts in off-road and tour racing to help consumers
choose the right GBI bike and accessories for their individual needs.
Figure 6
GBI Customers in
US and Germany
Due to the highly technical nature of its products, GBI has embraced the
Internet primarily as an information channel, maximizing its potential for
educating consumers and partners and marketing its products to a large
audience.
Since GBI’s main sales channel is through specialty resellers and there are
complex tax issues associated with selling in multiple states and countries,
they have a limited amount of internet sales.
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Notes
GBI has established an extensive partner operation to ensure process
continuity between GBI and its partners to deliver best-in-class products for
its customers. Special attention has been paid to nurturing strong
relationships with suppliers and GBI is generally the largest customer of its
main suppliers.
Figure 7
GBI Vendors in
US and Germany
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GBI IT Strategy
Notes
During 2009, GBI integrated a shared services model for all IT functions,
located in the Dallas office. Along with this move to centralized IT, GBI
also implemented SAP ERP (version 6.0). Prior to this, divisions were
running multiple, independent application environments. All ERP functions
are centralized with the primary objectives to reduce costs and deliver best-
in-class technology to all divisions globally. This centralized approach
offers GBI an advanced business platform under a highly controlled
environment, which enables consistency of operations and process integrity
across the globe.
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NAVIGATION
Navigation Course
Introduction to Navigation in SAP Solutions and Products
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NAVIGATION
Logging on
Find and double-click this icon on your desktop. If it is not there, SAP Logon
choose Start ► All Programs ► SAP Front End ► SAP Logon
Client: _ _ _
User: _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Password: _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Language: _ _
Before you log on, you need to know the definition of the term “client.” Client
SAP systems are client systems. With the client concept several separate
companies can be managed in one system at the same time.
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Initial Screen
Task Get familiar with the SAP system screen. Time 10 min
Short Description Identify and familiarize with each element of the SAP system screen.
Initial Screen
Menus shown in the menu bar are related to the application you are using;
that is, they are context-sensitive. Most menus have submenus.
Icons in the standard toolbar are available on all screens. Icons that you
cannot use in the current application are grayed out. When you hover the
cursor over an icon, a quick info text appears.
The title bar displays the name of the transaction you are currently using.
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The application toolbar contains icons applicable to the transaction you are
currently using.
The status bar shows information about the current system status as well as
warning and error messages.
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Logging off
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Task Get familiar with the terminology of ERP systems. Time 5 min
Short Description Get familiar with the terminology of ERP systems.
Before you get started in the SAP system, you need to know the definition ERP terminology
of various terms in the ERP context.
Organizational unit: organizational grouping of areas of the company that Organizational unit
belong together for legal or other business reasons. Examples of
organizational units are company, sales office, and plant.
Master data: data stored in the system over a long period of time for Master data
business processes. Examples are customer, material, and supplier.
Transaction data: transaction-specific data that is short-lived and assigned Transaction data
to certain master data, for example a customer. Transaction data created
when executing transactions is stored as documents. Examples of
documents are sales order, purchase order, material document, and posting
document.
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NAVIGATION
Task Get familiar with SAP’s transaction and session concept. Time 10 min
Short Description Run SAP transactions using three different ways. Create and close sessions.
There are three ways of calling transactions in the SAP system. Transaction concept
Favorites Favorites
If you use a transaction frequently, you can use drag&drop to add it to your
favorites (or choose Favorites ► Add). You can then double-click it to run
it without having to navigate through the SAP Easy Access menu. Read the
Favorites chapter for more hints on the Favorites folder.
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NAVIGATION
In some cases it makes sense to work with two or more transactions at the Sessions
same time. In SAP systems, you can open up to six sessions simultaneously
with real parallel processing.
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NAVIGATION
Help
Several types of help are available in the SAP system. The most frequently F1 and F4 help
used ones are the F1 and F4 keys.
F4 gives you information and possible entries. You can also use the F4 F4
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NAVIGATION
Favorites
Task Get familiar with the SAP Favorites folder. Time 5 min
Short Description Learn how to add and delete objects to the SAP Favorites folder.
Besides adding transactions to your favorites, as described in the Practical Other Objects
work chapter, you can add objects such as folders, reports, files, and Web
addresses.
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NAVIGATION
Transaction codes
The quickest way to run a transaction in the SAP system is to enter the Transaction code
transaction code. Every transaction has a code, which generally has four
characters. To find these, make the following settings.
If you know the code for a transaction, you can Transaction code field
enter it in the command field in the upper left
corner of your screen. After choosing Enter the initial screen of the
transaction appears.
You can use various control parameters to influence what happens to the
session when you call a transaction.
/i
/i Closes the current session
/o
You may combine these with the transaction codes. For example, /oMM03
opens a new session and calls transaction Display Material.
You can also search for transactions (or transaction codes) in the SAP SEARCH_SAP_MENU
system using transaction SEARCH_SAP_MENU.
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NAVIGATION
Choose a text you would like to search for in the SAP Easy Access Menu
and click on .
The search results are displayed in a list. There you find the transaction
code (in some cases there are none assigned) and the path in the SAP Easy
Access Menu (read from bottom to top).
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NAVIGATION
Exercises
Task Get familiar with navigation using practical exercises. Time 20 min
Short Description Apply what you have learned in the SAP system.
Choose the system used for this course in your SAPGui. Use the client,
user name, initial password, and logon language given by your instructor.
When you log on for the first time, a dialog box appears in which you enter
your new individual password twice.
Client: _ _ _ User: GBI-### Password: (from your instructor)
2.1 In the menu bar, choose Extras ► Settings and select the indicator
Display technical names.
2.2 In the standard toolbar, choose (far right). Under Options, select
both check boxes “Show Success
Messages in a dialog box” and “Show
warning messages in a dialog box”
2.3 In the status bar, on the far right
bottom click on the triangular symbol
and choose Transaction. After doing
so, the code of the transaction you are
currently using is always displayed.
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3. Sessions Sessions
4. Transactions Transactions
What are the names of the transactions that you reach from the SAP Easy
Access Menu and what are the transaction codes for calling them?
Logistics ► Materials Management ► Material Master ► Material ►
Display ► Display Current
Transaction title:
Transaction code:
Accounting ► Financial Accounting ► Accounts Receivable ►
Master Records ► Display
Select Customer 1000 in Company Code US00 and press Enter or . 1000
US00
Transaction title:
Transaction code:
MMR1: MMR1
ME01: ME01
MM02: MM02
5. Favorites Favorites
To organize your favorites in folders you first need to create folders (topic
Insert folder
areas): Favorites ► Insert Folder. Give the folder a name. You can create
as many folders as you like. You can move folders using drag&drop.
To create favorites, find particular functions (transactions) in the SAP Easy
Access menu you need for your daily work. Select a transaction and choose
Favorites ► Add to add entries to your favorites list. You can also move Add favorites
them (Favorites ► Move). Moreover, you can add and move favorites Move favorites
using drag&drop.
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NAVIGATION
To add URLs click on Favorites in the SAP menu with the secondary
mouse button and choose Add other objects. Choose Web Address or File
Add other objects
and confirm by pressing Enter.
Create a link to the SAP UA Community portal!
http://uac.sap.com
6. Help Help
F1 help
Run transaction VA01 and click in the Sales Organization field. Then, VA01
F4 help
Close the dialog box with the definition of a sales organization. Do not
leave the initial screen of transaction VA01. Click in the Distribution
Channel field. What are the names of the first three distribution channels
listed and which sales organization are they assigned to?
SOrg DChl Name
1.
2.
3.
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NAVIGATION
Choose System ► User Profile ► Own Data. On the Maintain User Profile
screen, choose the Parameters tab.
In the Enter Goods Issue: Initial Screen, click in the Plant field and choose Plant
F1. In the Performance Assistant screen that is displayed next, click on the
symbol to view technical information. Note down the parameter ID
given in the Technical Info screen.
Switch to the first session.
Enter the parameter ID and the associated plant (ask your instructor).
Confirm by choosing Enter. Do not leave the screen.
Repeat the procedure above for the Storage Location field. Ask your Storage Location
instructor for the correct value again.
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Solutions
Task Get familiar with navigation using practical exercises. Time 10 min
Short Description Apply what you have learned in the SAP system.
Log on to the client indicated by your instructor and change your initial
password.
3. Sessions Sessions
To open and close sessions, choose System ► Create Session (or ) and
System ► End Session.
Depending on the SAP system settings between 2 and 30 sessions can be
opened in parallel. The default value is set to a maximum of six parallel
sessions per user.
4. Transactions Transactions
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5. Favorites Favorites
6. Help Help
F1 help
A sales organization is an organizational unit responsible for the sale of
certain products or services. The responsibility of a sales organization may
include legal liability for products and customer claims.
F4 help
SOrg DChl Name
DN00 IN Internet
DN00 WH Wholesale
DS00 WH Wholesale
DN00 is the sales organization for Northern Germany, DS00 for Southern
Germany. Accordingly, UE00 is GBI’s sales organization for the Eastern
US and UW00 for the West.
Please note that GBI’s distribution channels are not always assigned to all
sales organizations.
To determine the parameter IDs of the Plant and Storage Location fields,
proceed as described in the exercise. Enter the parameter IDs and the
values given by your instructor in the parameter list.
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