HISTORY OF VISAYAS

The earliest settlements in the Visayan islands were from valley-dwelling Austronesians and
highland-dwelling Negrito dated around 30,000 BC. These early settlers were mostly Animist
tribes. In the 12th century, Hindu-Buddhist descendants from the late Śrīvijayan maṇḍala,
Majapahit and Brunei,settled the islands. By the 14th century, Arab traders and their followers
who ventured into Maritime Southeast Asia, converted some groups to Sunni Islam. Visayans
practiced a mixture of Islamic, Hindu and Buddhist beliefs although there were also groups that
were varied: some groups exclusively practiced Islam or Hinduism or Buddhism. There is also
evidence of trade and immigration between other Asian peoples in the area as early as the 9th
century. The Tumandok or Suludnon people of the mountainous region of Panay island are the
only Visayan group to maintain pre-Hispanic Visayan culture and beliefs, due to their geographic
isolation from lowland Visayan groups. One of the best preserved testimony of the antiquity of
Panay civilization that was saved is the longest and oldest epic in the region, the Hinilawod,
which must have been commonly known to the Visayans of Panay, since its main protagonists,
like Labaw Donggon, were noted in the accounts of the islanders' beliefs and oral tradition by
early Spanish colonizers. One of this Westerner's account says that the adventures of this ancient
hero of Panay was recalled during weddings and in songs.

Although dismissed as a hoax due to some content modifications a compilation of

transcriptions by Pedro Alcántara Monteclaro known as the Maragtas attempts to retell the
origins of the present-day Visayan people based on folklore revolving around ten datus of
Borneo. It was said that they originated from an area within the Śrīvijayan maṇḍala during the
early 13th century. In an attempt to escape the despotic rule of a Rajah Makatunaw and the
subsequent dissolution of the maṇḍala, the chieftains, led by Datu Puti (Malay: Datuk Putih),
fled eastwards to what is now the island of Panay. The island at that time was ruled by an Ati
chief named Marikudo, to whom the Borneans gave a golden headgear called sadok, in purchase
of Panay. For his wife Maniwantiwan, a long necklace (called Manangyad) was given. It was
said that the name for the inhabitants, Bisaya, was derived from the new settlers' polity of origin,
Srivijaya, and that the Atis were the ones who referred to the Borneans as mga Bisaya.

The Visayans first encountered Western Civilization when Portuguese explorer Ferdinand
Magellan reached the island of Homonhon, Eastern Samar in 1521. The Visayas became part of
the Spanish colony of the Philippines and the history of the Visayans became intertwined with
the history the Philippines. With the three centuries of contact with the Spanish Empire via
Mexico and the United States, the islands today share a culture tied to the sea later developed
from an admixture of indigenous lowland Visayans, Japanese people, Han Chinese, Koreans,
Indians, European culture in the Philippines and American influences.
 The Sun and the Moon

Once upon a time the Sun and the Moon were married, and they had many children who were
the stars. The Sun was very fond of this children, but whenever he tried to embrace any of them,
he was so hot that he burned them up. This made the Moon so angry that finally she forbade him
to touch them again, and he was greatly grieved.

One day the Moon went down to the spring to do some washing, and when she left she told the
sun that he must not touch any of their children in her absence. When she returned, however, she
found that he had disobeyed her, and several of the children in had perished.

She was very angry, and picked up a banana tree to strike hime, whereupon he threw sand in her
face, and to this day you can see the dark marks on the face of the Moon.

Then the Sun started to chase her, and they have been going ever since. Sometimes he gets so
near that he almost catches her, but she escapes, and bay and bay she is far ahead again.

These Visayan tales reflect old beliefs covered with a veneer of European ideas. The Visayan
still holds to many of the old superstitions, not because he has reasoned them out for himself, but
because his ancestors believed them and transmitted them to him in such stories as these.

A very old explanatory tale. In a slightly varying from it is found in other parts of the islands
 The Legend of Chocolate Hills (Ang Alamat ng mga Bundok ng Tsokolate )

(Tagbilaran Bohol – Visayas)

It is said that in the early times, the island of Bohol in the Visayas is a vast mass of dry land.
Rice fields tend to crack under the heat of the sun. During the rainy season, the dusty land turns
into a stream of mud. It is only during the rice season that the fields turn into a refreshing sea of
green.

It was one day during the rainy season that two giants came into the land of Bohol. One of them
was from the north and the other was from the south. Not for long, the two giants met eye to eye.
The tension between the two rivals filled the air.

"Hey! You ugly giant! Stay away from my land!," said the South Giant. "Leave and look for
your own land to conquer!"

"You must be mistaken! I am here first!," answered the North Giant. "If you want, you leave!"

"This cannot be happening!" shouted the South Giant with a stomp. The whole ground shook.
Since it has just rained, the ground was muddy. The giant scooped mud from the ground and
threw it on the other giant. The North Giant also scooped and formed his own balls of mud and
threw it back on his opponent.

The battle of the two giants became intense. Balls of mud were thrown back and forth. The
townspeople gathered to watch the two opposing giants. Each one used all of his might to best
the other. No one gave up until both of them ran out of energy. Because of the exhausting duel,
both of the two giants fell on the ground and died. What was left of their heated fight were hills
of mud from the thrown mud balls. Since then, the townspeople lived peacefully on their land
along the hills.

During the summer seasons, these hills seem like chocolate candies, especially from top view.
This is the reason why it became known as chocolate hills. During the rainy seasons, however,
these hills become covered with lush green vegetation
 HINILAWOD

The Hinilawod epic tells the story of the exploits of the three demigod brothers, Labaw
Donggon, Humadapnon and Dumalapdap of Panay. In its original form the epic would take
about three days to perform (including breaks for food and sleep), thus making it one of the
longest epics in the world.

Anthropologist Dr. F. Landa Jocano recorded a version of the epic from the inhabitants of
Central Panay. This is how the story goes:

When the goddess of the eastern sky Alunsina (also known as Laun Sina, "The Unmarried One")
reached maidenhood, the king of the gods, Kaptan, decreed that she should marry. All the
unmarried gods of the different domains of the universe tried their luck to win her hand to no
avail. She chose to marry a mortal, Datu Paubari, the mighty ruler of Halawod.

Her decision angered her other suitors. They plotted to bring harm to the newlyweds. A meeting
of the council of gods was called by Maklium-sa-t'wan, god of the plains, where a decision by
those present was made to destroy Halawod by flood.

Alunsina and Paubari escaped harm through the assistance of Suklang Malayon, the goddess and
guardian of happy homes and sister of Alunsina, who learned of the evil plot and warned the two
so they were able to seek refuge on higher ground.

After the flood waters subsided, Paubari and Alunsina returned to the plains secretly. They
settled near the mouth of the Halawod river.

Several months later Alunsina became pregnant and told Paubari to prepare the siklot, things
necessary for childbirth. She delivered a set of triplets and summoned the high priest Bungot-
Banwa to perform the rites of the gods of Mount Madya-as (the mountain abode of the gods)to
ensure the good health of the children. The high priest promptly made an altar and burned some
alanghiran fronds and a pinch of kamangyan. When the ceremony was over he opened the
windows of the north side of the room and a cold northernly wind came in and suddenly the three
infants were transformed into strong, handsome young men.

Labaw Donggon, the eldest of the three, asked his mother to prepare his magic cape, hat, belt and
kampilan (sword) for he heard of a place called Handug where a beautiful maiden named Angoy
Ginbitinan lived.

The journey took several days. He walked accross plains and valleys, climbed up mountains until
he reached the mouth of the Halawod river. When he finally met the maiden's father and asked
for her hand in marriage, the father asked him to fight the monster Manalintad as part of his
dowry. He went off to confront the monster and with the help of his magic belt Labaw Donggon
killed the monster and to prove his feat he brought to Angoy Ginbitinan's father the monster's
tail.
After the wedding Labaw Donggon proceeded home with his new bride. Along the way they met
a group of young men who told him that they were on their way to Tarambang Burok to win the
hand of Abyang Durunuun, sister of Sumpoy the lord of the underworld and whose beauty was
legendary.

Labaw Donggon and his bride continued on their journey home. The moment they arrived home
Labaw Donggon told his mother to take care of his wife because he is taking another quest, this
time he was going to Tarambang Burok.

Before he can get to the place he has to pass a ridge guarded by a giant named Sikay Padalogdog
who has a hundred arms. The giant would not allow Labaw Donggon to go through without a
fight. However, Sikay Padalogdog was no match to Labaw Donggon's prowess and skill in
fighting so he gave up and allowed him to continue.

Labaw Donggon won the hand of Abyang Durunuun and also took her home. Before long he
went on another journey, this time it is to Gadlum to ask for the hand of Malitong Yawa
Sinagmaling Diwata who is the young bride of Saragnayan the lord of darkness.

This trip required him to use his biday nga inagta (black boat) on which he sailed across the seas
for many months, went across the region of the clouds, passed the land of stones until finally he
reached the shores of Tulogmatian which was the seaside fortress of Saragnayan. The moment he
set foot on the ground Saragnayan asked him, "Who are you and why are you here?"

To which he answered, "I am Labaw Donggon, son of Datu Paubari and goddess Alunsina of
Halawod. I came for the beautiful Malitong Yawa Sinagmaling Diwata."

Saragnayan laughed. He told Labaw Donggon that what he wished for was impossible to grant
because she was his wife. Labaw Donggon then challenged Saragnayan to a duel saying that
whoever wins will have her.

The challenge was accepted and they started fighting. Labaw Donggon submerged Saragnayan
under water for seven years, but when he let go of him, Saragnayan was still alive. The latter
uprooted a coconut tree and started beating Labaw Donggon with it. He survived the beating but
was not able to surpass the powers of Saragnayan's pamlang (amulet) and eventually he gave up
and was imprisoned by Saragnayan beneath his house.

Back home Angoy Ginbitinan and Abyang Durunuun both delivered sons. Angoy Ginbitinan's
child was named Aso Mangga and Abyang Durunuun's son was called Abyang Baranugon.

Only a few days after they were born Aso Mangga and Abyang Baranugon embarked to look for
their father. They rode their sailboats through the region of eternal darkness, passed the region of
the clouds and the land of stones, finally reaching Saragnayan's home. Saragnayan noticed that
Abyang Baranugon's umbilical cord have not yet been removed, he laughed and told the child to
go home to his mother.
Abyang Baranugon was slighted by the remarks and immediately challenged Saragnayan to a
duel. They fought and Abyang Baranugon defeated Saragnayan and won his father's freedom.

Labaw Donggon's defeat and subsequent imprisonment by the Lord of Darkness also angered his
brothers. Humadapnon was so enraged that he swore to the gods of Madya-as that he would
wreak revenge on all of Saragnayan's kinsmen and followers.

Humadapnon prepared to go to Saragnayan's domain. He employed the aid of Buyong

Matanayon of Mount Matiula who was well-known for his skill in swordsmanship. For their
journey they rode on a sailboat called biday nga rumba-rumba. They travelled through the region
of the clouds, passed by the region of eternal darkness and ended up at a place called Tarambang
Buriraw. In this place was a ridge called Talagas Kuting-tang where a seductive sorceress named
Piganun lived.

Piganun changed herself to a beautiful maiden and captured the heart of Humadapnon. Buyong
Matanayon begged with Humadapnon to leave the place with him but the latter refused. After
seven months passed, Buyong Matanayon remembered that they have brought with them some
ginger. One evening at dinner time Buyong Matanayon threw seven slices of ginger into the fire.
When Pinganun smelled the odor of burning ginger she left thedinner table because sorcerers
hated the odor of ginger. Immediately Buyong Matanayon struck Humadapnon, who became
unconscious. He dragged his friend with him and they were able to escape.

They continued with their trek and everywhere they went they exacted revenge on all of
Saragnayan's people and relatives. One day they reached a place called Piniling Tubig who was
ruled by Datu Umbaw Pinaumbaw. There was a big gathering in the village and when they asked
what was going on they were told that the datu was giving his daughter for marriage to whoever
could remove the huge boulder that rolled from a mountain into the center of the village. Many
men tried their luck but no one so far was able to even move the stone.

Humadapnon took off his magic cape and used it to lift the stone and threw it back into the
mountain. The datu kept his word and Humadapnon married his daughter. During the wedding
feast Humadapnon heared about the beauty of the goddess of greed Burigadang Pada Sinaklang
Bulawan from a guest minstrel who sang at the celebration.

After the wedding Humadapnon went to seek the hand of the goddess in marriage. Along the
way he encountered Buyong Makabagting, son of the mighty Datu Balahidyong of Paling Bukid
who was also travelling with the same purpose in mind. Upon learning of Humadapnon's intent,
Buyong Makabagting challenged him to a duel. They fought and Buyong Makabagting was no
match to Humadapnon's strength and skill. The fight ended when Buyong Makabagting
surrendered and even promised to aid Humadapnon in his quest. Humadapnon married the
goddess and brought her home.
Meanwhile, right after Humadapnon left to seek Saragnayan's followers and relatives his brother
Dumalapdap left for Burutlakan-ka-adlaw where the maiden Lubay-Lubyok Hanginun si
Mahuyokhuyokon lived. For the trip he brought along Dumasig, the most powerful wrestler in
Madya-as.

Several months later they came to a place called Tarambuan-ka-banwa where they encountered
the two-headed monster Balanakon who guarded a narrow ridge leading to the place where the
maiden lived.

With the aid of Dumasig, Dumalapdap killed Balanakon. However, upon approaching the gate of
the palace where the maiden lived he was confronted by Uyutang, a batlike monster with sharp
poisonous claws. There ensued a bloody battle between the Humadapnon and the monster. They
fought for seven months and their skill and prowess seemed to be equal. But on the seventh
month, Humadapnon was able to grab on to Uyutang's ankle and broke it. Then he took his
iwang daniwan (magic dagger) and stabbed Uyutang under the armpit. Uyutang cried out so loud
that the ridge where they were fighting broke into two and there was an earthquake. Half of the
ridge became the island of Buglas (Negros) and the other became the island of Panay.

Dumalapdap married Lubay-Lubyok Hanginun si Mahuyokhuyokan and then took her home.
Datu Paubari was very happy when he was reunited with his three sons and he prepared a feast in
their honor. After the celebration, the three brothers left for different parts of the world. Labaw
Donggon went to the north, Humadapnon went south, Dumalapdap to the west and Datu Paubari
remained in the east.E TALES OF HALAWOD RIVER (A VISAYAN EPIC)
Usahay Lyrics

(Visayan Love Song)

Usahay magadamgo ako

Nga ikaw ug ako nagkahigugmaay

Nganong damguhon ko ikaw

Damguhon sa kanunay sa akong kamingaw

II

Usahay magamahay ako

Nganong nabuhi pa ning kalibutan

Nganong gitiaw-tiawan

Ang gugma ko kanimo, kanimo da

III

Nga ikaw ug ako nagkahigugmaay

Damguhon sa kanunay sa akong kamingaw

Usahay magamahay ako

Nganong nabuhi pa ning kalibutan

IV

Nganong gitiaw-tiawan

Ang gugma ko kanimo, kanimo da

Nganong gitiaw-tiawan

Ang gugma ko kanimo, kanimo da

 History of Luzon

The history of Luzon covers events that happened in the largest island of the Philippine
Archipelago, Luzon. Luzon wrested the record of having the oldest man ever discovered in the
Philippines with discovery of the Callao Man in 2007, which predated the Tabon Man by around
20,000 years.[1] The written history of Luzon began in around 900 AD with the discovery of the
Laguna Copperplate Inscription in 1989. After that, Luzon began to appear in the annals of the
Chinese and Japanese. One example would be the Ming Shilu, wherein Luzon appeared in 22
records. Luzon was split among Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms, Muslim principalities, and
ethnoreligious tribes, who had trading connections with Borneo, Malaya, Java, Indochina, India,
Okinawa, Japan and China before the Spanish established their rule. As a result of the Spanish–
American War, Luzon became American territory. In the Second World War, Luzon saw one of
the fiercest battles during the Japanese occupation. Luzon, apart from being the largest island,
had been the economic and political center of the Philippines ever since the country entered the
Western Calendar, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, and the country's largest
metropolis, Metro Manila. The first evidence of the systematic use of Stone-Age technologies in
the Philippines is estimated to have dated back to about 50,000 BC, and this phase in the
development of proto-Philippine societies is considered to end with the rise of metal tools in
about 500 BC, although stone tools continued to be used past that date. However, new
discoveries in Luzon, particularly in Liwan, Kalinga, found stone tools that were dated through
potassium argon test at most 920,000 years old, and at least 750,000 years old.

The earliest human remains known in the Philippines are the fossilized remains discovered in
2007 by Armand Salvador Mijares in Callao Cave, Peñablanca, Cagayan. The find was of a
67,000-year-old remains that predate the Tabon Man, which was discovered in 1962 by Robert
Bradford Fox.Specifically, the find consisted of a single 61 millimeter metatarsal which, when
dated using uranium series ablation, was found to be at least about 67,000 years old. If
definitively proven to be remains of Homo sapiens, since there was a certainty that the Callao
Man could be a Homo floresiensis, it would antedate the 47,000-year-old remains of Tabon Man
to become the earliest human remains known in the Philippines, and one of the oldest human
remains in the Asia Pacific.

The primary theory surrounding the migration of Callao Man and his contemporaries to Luzon
from what is believed to be the present-day Indonesia is that they came by raft. It is notable that
the approximate time this happened is, according to experts, prior to the point when human
beings were thought to be capable of making long voyages across the sea. It has also been noted
that Callao Man could have crossed into the Philippines by a land bridge. This is because at the
time Callao Man lived, it was the period known as Ice age and the sea level was lower. Because
of lower sea levels, there could have been an Isthmus between the Philippines and the rest of
Southeast Asia.
 The Cow and the Carabao

(Northern Luzon)

It is said that a long time ago, the first cow and the first carabao wore skins that fit them
exactly. They could both walk on only their two hind feet then they both served a farmer who
demanded much of them as beasts of burden. But the cow and the carabao were thinking that he
made them work too much.

“No one should work this much under the heat of the sun! The cow remarked. “We deserve
a vacation!”

“What you say, we play hooky one noon”, the carabao proposed, “while the farmer is resting
in the shade as he always does when the sun is at its most furious?”

So it was one noon, while the farmer who owned the first cow and the first carabao was
fast asleep, the two friends shrugged off the plow and raced to the nearby river. They took off
their skins, hang them on the low branch of a tree at the riverbank, and dived underwater. But
alas, as they were having their fun the farmer woke up, saw that his two beasts were missing
from the fields, where they belonged, took up his whip and went out searching for them. By
following their footprints he found them almost immediately bathing in the nearby river.

The farmer frightened the two beasts with his whip and made them scramble up to the bank. In
their haste to appear decent before their master, the cow and the carabao switched skins, but then
they were not able to get the false skins off again. As the carabao was larger than the cow, his
skin tagged at the cow’s belly and the cows skin clung tight to his flesh. And then it was
impossible to retain their pride they came before their master on all forms, begging to be
forgiven. The farmer said they were forgiven, but they could no longer walk on only two legs,
and they could have take off the false skins they wore. The cows are the carabao occupied their
fate timidly, and handed down to their offspring their symbols of shame.
 The Legend of Olongapo (Ang Alamat ng Olongapo)

(Olongapo, Central Luzon)

Olongapo is a city located in the province of Zambales. It is one of the most cheerful cities in
Central Luzon. It is near the Subic bay and is also one of the places which have been largely
affected by the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. This is how it got the name Olongapo:

There was a lad named Dodong. He is a farmer with a wide rice field. Because of his generosity,
he was well-loved by the people in his barrio. He was labeled as APO (term used for a
respectable old man) and he became well-known to both the youth and the old.

In the neighboring town, there was a very beautiful maiden who is very demure. Her name is
Nene. Nene and Apo became very close friends though their age gap is large. One day, Nene’s
family decided to relocate. This is the reason why Apo and Nene got separated.

Days passed into months. One day, Apo accidentally ran into Nene in one of the town’s public
places. Time only enhanced Nene’s beauty. He noticed that Nene has transformed into a full-
blown lady. He offered to take her home. This was happily accepted by the maiden.

“Father, mother, Apo is here. He wants to visit you,” Nene happily told her parents upon arriving
home.

“Dodong! How are you? We’re glad that you came here to visit us!,” exclaimed Nene’s father.

After updating one another, Dodong promised to visit them more often so that he can help them
with their chores. True enough, Dodong went there every Saturday and he and Nene became
closer. Not for long, they became lovers. This was not opposed by Nene’s parents.

One morning, a large vessel ridden by drunk Spaniards came ashore. They caught sight of Nene
and so they approached her. They asked something to the maiden which she did not understand.
She just nodded her head. The Spaniards, thinking that Nene agrees to what they want, started to
kiss and hug her. Nene screamed and asked for help.

In an instant, the people called Apo and informed him of Nene’s situation. Apo was enraged and
he attacked the Spaniards. The armed foreigners struck Apo and killed him. They slashed their
head and hanged it on a bamboo pole to serve as a warning to other natives.

"Ulo ng Apo! Ulo ng Apo!" (head of Apo) the children repeatedly shouted. The Spaniards
thought that this is the name of the place. Time passed by and "ULO ng APO" became
OLONGAPO. This is now one of the most controversial cities in Zambales, Central Luzon.
 BIAG NI LAM-ANG (ILOCANO EPIC STORY)

The theme of the epic revolves around the bravery and courage of the main character portrayed
by Lam-ang, who was gifted with speech as early as his day of birth, who embarked on a series
of adventures which culminated in his heroic death and subsequent resurrection.

This series of adventures started with his search for his lost father who was murdered by the
head-hunting Igorots in the Igorot country. While on his way, he met a certain Sumarang, whose
name connotes obstruction, who tried to dissuade him from proceeding and who taunted him into
a fight. The fight that ensued proved fatal to Sumarang as he was blown “three kingdoms” away
with a spear pierced through his stomach. This encounter led to another when he met a nine-
headed serpent who, like Sumarang earlier tried to dissuade him from going any further. The
serpent having been ignored challenged him into a fight which cost the serpent its heads.

Lam-ang went on until he found it necessary to rest and take a short nap. While asleep, he
dreamed of his father’s head being an object of festivities among the Igorots. He immediately
arose and continued his journey until he found the Igorots indeed feasting over his father’s head.

He asked the Igorots why they killed his father, but the Igorots instead advised him to go home if
he did not want to suffer the same fate which his father suffered. This was accompanied by a
challenge to a fight, despite their obvious numerical superiority. But Lam-ang, armed with
supernatural powers, handily defeated them, giving the last surviving Igorot a slow painful death
by cutting his hands and his ears and finally carving out his eyes to show his anger for what they
had done to his father.

Satisfied with his revenge, he went home. At home, he thought of taking a swim in the Cordan
River with the company of Cannoyan and her lady-friends. So he proceeded to Cannoyan’s place
in the town of Calanutian, disregarding her mother’s advice to the contrary. On his way, he met a
woman and named Saridandan, whose name suggests that she was a woman of ill repute. He
resisted her blandishments, for his feeling for Cannoyan was far greater for anyone to take.

When he reached Cannoyan’s house, he found a multitude of suitors futilely vying for her hand.
With the help of his pets - the cock and the dog - he was able to catch Cannoyan’s attention. He
asked her to go with him to the river along with her lady-friends. She acceded. While washing
himself in the river, the river swelled, and the shrimps, fishes and other creatures in the river
were agitated for the dirt washed from his body was too much. As they were about to leave the
river, Lam-ang noticed a giant crocodile. He dove back into the water and engaged with the
creature in a fierce fight until the creature was subdued. He brought it ashore and instructed the
ladies to pull its teeth to serve as amulets against danger during journeys.
Back at Cannoyan’s house, he was confronted by her parents with an inquiry as to what his real
intention was. He had to set aside his alibi that he went there to ask Cannoyan and her friends to
accompany him to the river, and told them, through his spokesman - the cock - that he came to
ask for Cannoyan’s hand in marriage. He was told that if he desired to marry Cannoyan, he must
first be able to match their wealth, for which he willingly complied. Having satisfied her parents,
he went home to his

mother and enjoined her and his townspeople to attend his wedding which was to take place in
Cannoyan’s town.The wedding was elaborate, an event that involved practically everyone in
town. There were fireworks, musical band, and display of attractive items like the glasses, the
mirror, the slippers, clothes and nice food. After the wedding, Lam-ang’s party plus his wife and
her town mates went back to their town of Nalbuan, where festivities were resumed. The guests
expressed a desire to taste a delicacy made of rarang fish.

Lam-ang was obliged to go to the sea and catch the fish. Before going, however, his rooster
warned that something unpleasant was bound to happen. This warning proved true, as Lam-ang
was swallowed by a big bercacan, or shark-like fish. Cannoyan mourned and for a while she
thought there was no way to retrieve her lost husband. But the rooster indicated that if only all
the bones could be gathered back, Lam-ang could be brought to life again.

She then enlisted the aid of a certain diver named Marcus, who was ready to come to her aid to
look for the bones. When all Lam-ang’s bones were gathered, the rooster crowed and the bones
moved. The dog barked, and Lam-ang arose and was finally resurrected. Cannoyan embraced
him. For his deep appreciation for the help of his pets - the cock and the dog - and of Marcus the
diver, he promised that each other would get his or its due reward. And they lived happily ever
after.
 Bulag Daw ang Pag-ibig

(Freddie Aguilar)

Sinikap kong magbago ng dahil sa 'yo

Minamahal kita

Lumambot ang puso kong dati'y ay bato

Dahil sa pag-ibig mo

(Chorus)

Giliw bulag daw ang pag-ibig

Siguro nga ay totoo

Dahil ako'y inibig mo

Akong binigyan mo ng bagong pananaw

Damdamin ay ginising mo

Pag-ibig kong tigang ay 'yong diniligan

Salamat sa pag-ibig mo

(Repeat Chorus)

Minsan ay tinatanong ang puso ko

Ba't ako ang mahal mo

Ano ba ang 'yong nakita sa akin

At ako'y inibig mo

(Repaet Chorus)

Giliw...bulag daw ang pag-ibig

 Almacen-Torrevillas National High School

Senior-High School

Lamintak Norte Medellin Cebu

A MIDTERM COMPILATION
Of the course
21ST Century Literature From The Philippines And The World

Submitted by:

Stephen Mc.Dwight Lanurias

Submitted to:

Mrs.Wilfreda Y.Jumao-as
 Almacen-Torrevillas National High School

Senior-High School

Lamintak Norte Medellin Cebu

A MIDTERM COMPILATION
Of the course
21ST Century Literature From The Philippines And The World

Submitted by:

Cherrylyn Dela Cruz

Submitted to:

Mrs.Wilfreda Y.Jumao-as
 Table of contents

1. History of Luzon

2. Fable: The Cow and the Carabao

3. Legend: The Legend of Olongapo (Ang Alamat ng Olongapo)

4. Epic: Biag Ni Lam-Ang

5. Song: Bulag Daw ang Pag-ibig

6. Reflection
 Table of contents

1. History of Visayas

2. Fable: The Sun and The Moon

3. Legend: The Legend of Chocolate Hills

4. Epic: Hinilawod

5. Song: Usahay

6. Reflection