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OMA000001 GSM Fundamentals: Issue 4.0
OMA000001 GSM Fundamentals: Issue 4.0
OMA000001
GSM Fundamentals
Later the Low-Power BTS joins the system for getting a better service
area with high capacity . At the same time it adopts the frequency reuse
technique to improve the efficiency of the frequency utilization and also
the whole capacity of the network.
GSM 900
Uplink Downlink
DCS 1800
1850~1910 Fu(n)=1850.2+0.2(n-
PCS 1900 512<=n<=810 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+80
1930~1990
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
512)
All rights reserved
Page 14
Frequency Reuse
7 23
6 4
5 7
1 3
9 11
6 8
2 4
10 12
Omni
Omni-directional Cell
1
1
120
120 Degree Cell degree 2
3
BSC
MS HLR/AUC
BTS
PCU
SS7
BSC SMS system
MS
BTS
GPRS Backbone Internet,
SGSN Intranet
GGSN
OMC CG BG
Other PLMN
PCU
SS7
BSC Gb SMS system
MS Um Gr/Gs/Gd/Ge Gc
BTS
GPRS backbone Internet,
SGSN Gi Intranet
Ga GGSN
OMC CG BG
Gp Other PLMN
MS=ME+SIM
(IMSI)
SIM
Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
(TMSI)
BSC BSS
The Base Transceiver Station
TC/SM
TC/SM
– BTS
BTS
BTS
MSC
Packet data
switching
Bridge between
BTS
BTS
NSS AUC
AUC
HLR
HLR
OMC EIR
EIR
EC
EC PSTN
MSC/VLR
MSC/VLR
Call Processing
Operations and Maintenance Support
Interface management
Inter-network & Inter-working
Billing
White List
If NOT found
Event/Alarm Security
Management Management
MMI
OS DB
Fault Configuration
Management Management
Performance
Management
NCC BCC
BSIC
CC NDC SN
National (significant)
Mobile number
Mobile station international
ISDN number
3 digits 2 digits
IMEI
TAC:
TAC: Type
Type approval
approval code,
code, 66 bit,
bit, determined
determined by by the
the type
type approval
approval center
center
FAC:
FAC: Final
Final assembly
assembly code,
code, 22 bit,
bit, ItIt isis determined
determined byby the
the manufacturer.
manufacturer.
SNR:
SNR: Serial
Serial number,
number, 66 bits,
bits, ItIt isis issued
issued byby the
the manufacturer
manufacturer of of the
the MS.
MS.
SP:
SP: 11 bit
bit ,, Not
Not used.
used.
Check
Check the
the IMEI
IMEI in
in your
your MS
MS :: *#06#
*#06#
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3
Timeslot The
Theinformation
informationcarried
carriedin
inone
onetime
time
slot
slotis
iscalled
calledaa“burst”
“burst”
TCH
Traffic Channels
Speech Data
TCH/FS TCH/HS
TCH/9.6 TCH/2.4
TCH Traffic Channel
TCH/FS Full rate Speech Channel
TCH/HS Half rate Speech Channel
TCH/9.6 Data Channel 9.6kb/s
TCH/4.8 Data Channel 4.8kb/s TCH/4.8
TCH/2.4 Data Channel 2.4Kb/s
DCCH BCH
SDCCH ACCH
BCCH Synch. CH.
CCH
The information carried on the BCCH
is monitored by the MS
BCH
periodically when it is in idle mode
SCH FCCH
CCH
DCCH is assigned to a single
wireless connection for
measurement and handover
purpose. DCCH
SDCCH: Stand-alone Dedicated
Control Channel
ACCH: Associated Control Channel
SACCH: Slow Associated SDCCH ACCH
Control Channel
FACCH: Fast Associated Control
Channel
FACCH SACCH
CCH
RACH CCCH
SDCCH
SACCH DCCH DCH
FACCH
TCH/F
TCH
TCH/H
FCCH
BCCH SCH
CCH BCCH
PCH
CCCH
AGCH
SDCCH
DCCH SACCH
DCH FACCH
TCH/F
TCH
TCH/H
Power-off
Search for frequency correction burst FCCH
Search for synchronous burst SCH
Extract system information BCCH
Idle mode
TCH
Packet service channel (PDTCH)
BCCH
Packet control channel
CCCH
SACCH
Broadcast control channel: PBCCH
Public control channel: PPCH, PRACH, PAGCH
Private control channel: PACCH, PTCCH
Mode 1: PBCCH+PCCCH+PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH;
Mode 2: PCCCH+PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH;
Mode 3: PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH
In case of small GPRS traffic, GPRS and circuit services use the same BCCH
and CCCH in the cell. In this case, only combination mode 3 is needed in the cell
With the increase of traffic, the packet public channel should be configured in the
cell. Channel combination mode 1 and mode 2 should be adopted
TDMA Frames
0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 46 47 48 49 50
51 – Frame Multi-frames
CONTROL
CHANNELS
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved
Page 55
GSM Multi-frames
TDMA Frames
0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 21 22 23 24 25
26 – Frame Multi-frames
TRAFFIC
CHANNELS
0.8W
Saves battery power
Reduces co-channel and
adjacent channel interference
8W
BCCH -------
Does not attend Power control
Battery Saving
Interference reduction
TA
Transmission delay t
Transmission delay t
Diversity
Frequency Hopping
Time Dispersion
Coding, interleaving
Frequency diversity
f
Frequency hopping
Space diversity
Multiple antennas
Polarization diversity
Dual-polarized antennas
Multi-path diversity
Equalizer
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Frame
Time
3G
2Mbps
2.5G IMT-2000
384kbps
EDGE
2G 115 kbps
GSM
Kbps 59.2
60.0
54.4
29.6
30.0
21.4 22.4
20.0 17.6
15.6 14.8
13.4
11.2
9.0 8.8
10.0
0.0
CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 MCS-1 MCS-2 MCS-3 MCS-4 MCS-5 MCS-6 MCS-7 MCS-8 MCS-9
GMSK 8PSK
Evolution of GSM