Chapter 7: Techniques of Integration Note: The symbol ® indicates that integration by parts has taken place using substitution A. The substitutions for u, du, dv, and v are listed at the end of the problem. OM 18 -2e* ~ fret des cre mw ee Ca (et We 4 Aj usa dus dy dos of dys et @ 14 ~scosz— f—cosedz = —rcosz + sin + C AL ws 4 dus dz, do ate — Bf ze de B gates — Bf kno — bf de] = fre — feel + Be + C= heV (9x? — 624+ 24C AL w= 2, du = Qedz, dv = e°¥ dav = fe™ fds, y = je sined:, v= —cosz a i> Bua t,du=d,do= H 1A —feeonte + Ife costrdr 2 ls coeds + j[}x sinds = ffsindzdz] = a} Pcosds + frsinds + gyeosdz + C A, w= 2, du = 2rdz, dv = sindzdr, v= —lcos4z B. e= 2, du = da, de = cosdeds, v= Ssindz UA fesin5s — {fsinSrds = besinSs + fcossz + C A. t= x, du = ds, do = cosSzds, v = fsin5z CS -fee™ 4 Ufo adr = bert 4 C Ac =a, du = de, dv =e dz, y= Je @) 1Azscez— fsccrdr = tsecr— Infoecr + tanz| + C A. w= a, du = dx, dv = seer tanzdr, v = sect 1= —jrootdr + jfeotards = —4rcot8e + fInlsin3z| + C A. uaa, du= dz, dv = csc%zdr, » = —Jeotdz @ 14 Psinz - 2fcsinzds, By Exercise 2,1 = 2sinz + 2x cose — Qsinr + C. Al w= 27, du = Qrdz, dv = cosedz, » = sinz TO 8 ser 4 spre tac B Be + [ore + 2] ze"? dz] = Pet = are + bf ze de. By Exercise i, 1 = -e7*(r* + 327 + 6 +6) + C Awad dus Bde des Pde Bo u= a, du= edz, du eT dro = —e*EXERCISES 7.1 tant: — Jin(l + 7) +0 364 T4 rte -f ds G1 sents —jrtp Aw = tans, dv = bade des dese Gar 4 ein” tea [pba = nein (ITF +¢ A. w= sin™ ‘5 dus pobgds de = dome Gt 4 32°? ne — gf tds fe? (Sine — 2) +0 AousInz dusts dyad y= fe? Ga 8 $e ing — Afatde = JP (Sinz — 1) 4+C A. w= Inz, du = feds, dv = 2?de, v= Jet OBS -reotz + feotede = —reote + Inlsinel + C A. t=, du = dz, dv = csc*xdz, v= —cotz A = —_ =I = BY 8 fot eats — yf do = Ye tants = (1 - aes qe tants — Jet Jtan'2 + A. us tans, dv = aie dy = edz, v = fe? (Ht 8 -e-F sine + fe coszds B oF sing + [—e"* cose — Je“ sinzdz'] > 2 = se™* sing ~ e“* cosr > L = —fe-* (sing + cosz) + A. w= sinz, du = cosrdz, dv = ¢* dr, v= —e7* = B. u = cosz, du = —sinrds, dv = € Ct 4 fe conde + 2) °F sin ardr 2 Le costs + ¥[ he sin2z — 2fe* cos2edz] = fe cos2z + fe sin2z — $f e¥* costed: => WI = Je cos 2x + fe** sin 2 = 1 = fhe (Bcoste + 2sin de) + 0 A. w= cos2z, du = —2sinQrdz, dv = e* dr, v = $e B. u = sin2z, du = 2cos2zdz, du = (TO) Let y = cosz, Then dy = —sinzde. By Example 3, 1 = —Jinydy = ~ylny + y+ C= yl — Ing) + Bard Lite] + [lactam Liter] + yee] = -Het 0) 4 (“let =f et x 0.8 A. us, du= 2rdz, dv = ze“*" de, v= —Je-™? “dyeVe Lay ULEne tt asec ran v= tane Dr [NFS — of Fie = [PPh [he + 9] « (2 - 0) ~ $28 - 1) = Ya Bx 000 Aus? das 2 o= ={ lu = Ozdz, dy Poe aL GT & syoae 4 3)800 _ hol (Qe + 2)" ae f = mprt2z + 3)! — et (or 4 g)ML a = qraml2s + 3) P2020 — (22 4 3)) + C= phe + 3)'°°(2002 — 3) + A. 4 8 du = de, dv = (22 +3)" de, v = ahy(ae + gy10 Gir 8 33 4 oy i Bae HPN ga 4g SHS 400-4 ce Pio Pw eye aerate} We ids de Eien fis Y mi A sina)? = 2flnzds. By Example 3,1 = 2(Inx)*? - 22Inz + 22 + C. A. w= (Ing)? du = UB? as, de = dev = A. waadus dda tinea By v wis [veg ae # avr sine - [SF ae = ae sine + tease + C F Aus des ahae dy = 208 ds, » = Bain (OB A ctan-!'32 — [Pepa = ents — tm +9P) 40 aa[ het ine 42] = [Pane — OY = He +1) & 13.18. A. w= Ing, du = Leds, dv = cdr, = fe? w= [jnoee = [ee $id A [pe 4 1y°7f pre 41a = [Pee +? — ace + yi], =e’? - sent? + aj= (PR -8B+ sJ= 40h + neon Al usa du = 328de, dv = PLP $ 1d, 0 = He 4 1)? Bj tet f(2) = e*, oz) = 0, and p = Lin (5.25). m= [Pea =2 Mp = sf ede = 2, My = fread ret — e]"* = ang 2. oO o O ra Hf = Bed =2 «0.05 and p= Me = 2 a1. A. uss, dw = de, dv = edz, = of (BO) 9() = fof dt = fee de & fre 4 Beer de = den — de 4 30) $0 —$ + C=05 C= J and of) = —Heo™ — dey Aus idu= di dus edu 1%OM 1 = f( — sin®2)cosrdz u = sinz, du = cosrdr > [= fJG-w)dusu-j+c T= 4(1 - cos4z)dz = jo — fsinde + C B) 1 = f3(1 — cos22)(1 + costs) dr = [1(1 — cos? 22) dz = S[E = dU + cosazy] dz = [(4 — feosdz) dz = bx — gysindz + C : @i= JO = sin?2cosrdz; u = sinz, du = costdt > : T= JQ -w)Pdu = fC — 3a? + gut — a8) dus a — Su — ta aC :O1s JQ — c0s?z) cos?z sin dx; u = cosz, —du = singdr > 1s -$(? = w) du = 9 + he 4 I = fsin'z(1 — sinz)coszdz u = sins, du = coszdz > T= f( - edu = be pac Peg ror Mrs [(=ge22) ae = AJ (1 — Se0s2z + 3cos*2z — cos* 22) dz = AJL - Scos2z + §(1 + cosdz) — (1 — sin? 2z)cos2z |dz = Af - 4cos2z + $cos4z + sin? 2x cos 2z) dz = M§r — Qsin2z + Ysindz + fein? 22) + C @te= [(-=ge=22) gett) ae = }J (1 — cos2z — cos? 2z + cos* 22) dr = AY [1 — cos2e — H(t + cose) + (1 — sin? 2z)cos2z | dz = 4h — jeosdx — sin? 22 cos2z) dz = (fz — fsindz — jsin? 22) + C @ I= ftan*z(1 + tan?z)sectzrdx; uw = tang, du = sec*zdr => T= f+ w)dusdute due +c (TOI = f (1 + tan?z)?sec*zdz; u = tanz, du = sec?eds => T= f(l + w)Pdu = f(1 + 2u? + u*)du =u + 3u* + Jub + (HI) 1 = f(sec*z — 1)sec?zseez tanzdy u = secz, du = secz tansdz => T= f(et-)dv = pb - de + 6 (TAI = J (sec?z - 1)?secz tanzdr, u = seca, du = seez tanrdr => f= f(w? — 1)?du = f(ut — Qu? + tydu = bu — Be pC (TI = ftan*z(sec*z — 1) dz = J[tan‘z sec?z — tan?z(sec?z — 1)] dz = J (tans sec?x — tans see?x + sec?z — 1) dz = jtan’s — Jtan's + tanz—2+C (4)1 = feot?z(ese?s — 1I)dz = f[leov?s ese?z — (ese?z — y] dz = —yoot's + cots t+ C (BIL = f(sinz)'/7(1 = sin?2)cosrdx; u = sinz, du = cosrdr => Tm [(u’? — a8) au = fu? 7 (Blt = [(sine)*/7(1 — sin?z)coszdz; u = sing, du = cosrds > Jt? = 8M) du = 2ul!? — pall? 4 C (E71 = f(tan?s + 2 + cot?) dr = f[(tants + 1) + (1 + cot?) Jae = JS(sec?x + ese?) dr = tanz — cote + C (BI = J (csc?z — t)ese?z escz cot rda; u = csez, —du = esczcotzdr => T= (ut — w)ydu = de? — + fat = [Ao — cos*z)sinrdr = [-cose + Joon? |°7* ‘= i- oe 0.08 fat = ['bGa ~ t]ér = [ftan Gs) - 2] = $b wont Note: Exercises 21-24 use the trigonometric product-to-sum formulas, II = }f (cos2z — coz) dz = 4(Jsin 2x — Jsin8z) + C _ fs at = 3)" [eoste + cos(—ds)]de = i[fsingr + fsinae | = — 3 e/t Dat = if" [oinss + sinz} de = $f —Jooese - cose”? = $0 - (-8] = 4 (Ga) = [sin 72 + sinz]de = —H(Scos7z + cosz) + C (BBJ1 = fcot*z(1 + cot?z)ese?adz; u = cotz, —du = csc?zdr > T= —J(ut + w)des -h — bu? 46 BHr= if + Acosz)!7? 4 cosz |sin rdz, u = cosz, —du = sinzdz > C= -f( +2? 4 dus -a— gu’? wg (EE) u = 2 — sins, —du = cosedr => 1 = —[-au= -inut+ Gu>0 (BB) = J (sin?s — cos?s) dz = [ -cos2ede = —Jsin2e + C WB) u = 1+ tan, da = see?rde > 1 = fu? du = —-Lece (BOI = Jtan'sseezde = f(sec?z — 1)?eecz tanrda; u = geez, du = sec x taneds => T= f(w - 1)? du = f (ut — 20? + 1) du = bw -iP + ate (HI) Using symmetry and disks, ¥ = 4 i x(cos"2)? de = ar{"?Ta + cos22) P de = #]°[i + needs + §(1 + condah]ée = [Ze + sin2e + Jeinae yf’? = et x 7.40, GB] Using disks, ¥ = [i wttan?s)? de = =[/”* tan? (eects —l)de = f°*[ian?e secz — (see? — 1] dr= x [Jtan°z — tans + zh" S x(¥ — 3) © 0.37. [BB Since of) = cos? rt > 0, the distance traveled in any 5-second interval is given by (z+ 8) — (2) = [hw a= JP cost raat = ("40 + cos2at)dt = [a+ ssinont]™ = [Me +5) + Asin[oete + 51] [fe + dein (onay] = i+ az[sin(2x2 + 10x) - sin(2x2)] = §, since sin(2xz + 10x) = sin(2n2). Hay = cine cost = v(t) = faint costdt = Sein’ + C. (0) = 10 C= 0. 0 = [(Gsin?e + 10) dt = Af (1 — cos) sin tat + FO dt = i = §e08t + Joost + 10f+ D. (0) = 05 $44 D505 D=}. Using the trigonometric product-to-sum formulas, we have the following: (a) 1 = [sinmesinnedz = }[[[cos(m — n)z — cos(m + n)z | dz. — sin(m—n)z _ sin(m + ajz Ifm # my then t= Sim Ole _ So MEG, If m = ny then I = sa — cop 2ms) de = § — Ha2mE 4 ¢, (b) 1, = Jsinmzcosnedz = 4f[sin(m + n)z + sin(m — njz | dz. cos(m +n) cos(m — n)z ee en es ai) Wma te If m =n, then I, = Jf vin2mede = Seg dne +c 1, = [cos mz cosmrdz = }{[[cos(m + n)z + cos(m — nz] dz. sin(m + njz 2(m + 0 If m =m then ly = 4f (cov 2ms + dr = F + tindme 5 ¢, Bl (a) Im = x, then t= | sin mr sinnzds = [g — sindmz]" = x, -* sin{m — a)r If m % m, then Ip = Ha ce +0 itm # a then 1 = [aCe ae _ sin(mn + +] no, 2(m—n) 2m + ny i since (m — n) and (m + 2) are integers. (b) Using Exercise 35(b), we have the following: (i) I'm =n, then T, = [sin me cos nee = [-engamey’ =o. itm x ny then f= [<8 alt _ onl — a) =0. Note: Since sin mz is odd and cos nz is even, we have an odd integrand on a symmetric interval. Hence, I = 0. . - Gi} I'm = n, then Ty = [cos ms cosnede =[g+amam]! =- Im #n, then; = (Se + njz in sin(m — n)a |" °. Am+n) * Amo |, > Note: In (7.4), the resulting expressions are acos#, asec @, and atan 4, respectively. We use these results without mention. OD See Figure 1. z= 2sin9, de = 2cos8 do = I = | wanatacan teow? = Jf esco ao = Hlnlese# — cotd] + C= pulp - Gee +C