E.

Hilario, MD

THE TWELVE
PAIRS OF
CRANIAL NERVES
• PERIPHERAL NERVES ARISING
FROM THE BRAIN
• SENSORY, MOTOR OR MIXED
NERVES
• AUTONOMIC NERVES
CRANIAL NERVES
CRANIAL
NERVES

I OLFACTORY
II OPTIC
III OCULOMOTOR
IV TROCHLEAR
V TRIGEMINAL
VI ABDUCENS
VII FACIAL
VIII VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
IX GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
X VAGUS
XI ACCESSORY
XII HYPOGLOSSAL
CRANIAL NERVES:
CLASSIFICATION

PURELY SENSORY
(AFFERENT)
CN I
CN II
CN VIII
PURELY MOTOR
(EFFERENT)
CN III
CN IV
CN VI
CN XI
CN XII
MIXED (BOTH)
SENSORY & MOTOR
CN V
CN VII
CN IX
CN X
CRANIAL
NERVE I:
OLFACTORY

ORIGIN:
OLFACTORY
BULB
TO NASAL
MUCOSA
FUNCTION:
SENSORY:
SMELL
CRANIAL NERVE I: OLFACTORY

CRIBRIFORM
PLATE OF
ETHMOID
CRANIAL NERVE I: OLFACTORY

CRIBRIFORM
PLATE OF
ETHMOID
CRANIAL
NERVE I:
OLFACTORY

CRIBRIFORM
PLATE OF
ETHMOID
CRANIAL NERVE I: OLFACTORY
CRANIAL NERVE II: OPTIC

ORIGIN:
OPTIC
CHIASM
TO
RETINA
FUNCTION:
SENSORY:
VISION
CRANIAL
NERVE II:
OPTIC

OPTIC
CANAL
• WITH
OPHTHALMIC
ARTERY
CRANIAL
NERVE II:
OPTIC

OPTIC
CANAL
• WITH
OPHTHALMIC
ARTERY
CRANIAL NERVE II:
OPTIC
RETINA: RODS & CONES
CRANIAL NERVE II:
OPTIC

SNELLEN’S CHART
OPHTHALMOSCOPY
CRANIAL
NERVE III:
OCULOMOTOR
ORIGIN:
MIDBRAIN
FUNCTION:
MOTOR: EYE
MOVEMENTS USING
EXTRAOCULAR
MUSCLES EXCEPT
FOR LATERAL
RECTUS & SUPERIOR
OBLIQUE
PARASYMPATHETIC:
PUPILLARY
SPHINCTER & CILIARY
MUSCLES OF THE
LENS
CRANIAL NERVE III: OCULOMOTOR
CRANIAL NERVE III: OCULOMOTOR
OCULOMOTOR
NERVE PARALYSIS
PTOSIS OF THE
UPPER EYELID
CRANIAL NERVE III: OCULOMOTOR
AUTONOMIC FUNCTIONS:
PARASYMPATHETIC: PUPILLARY SPHINCTER &
CILIARY MUSCLES OF THE LENS
CRANIAL NERVE IV:
TROCHLEAR

ORIGIN:
MIDBRAIN
FUNCTION:
MOTOR: EYE
MOVEMENTS
USING SUPERIOR
OBLIQUE
CRANIAL NERVE IV:
TROCHLEAR

SUPERIOR ORBITAL
FISSURE
WITH
OPHTHALMIC NERVE
OPHTHALMIC VEIN
OCULOMOTOR
NERVE
ABDUCENS NERVE
 CRANIAL
NERVE IV:
TROCHLEAR

SUPERIOR OBLIQUE MUSCLE

CRANIAL NERVE V:
TRIGEMINAL

ORIGIN:
PONS
(VENTRAL SURFACE)
FUNCTION:
V1- OPHTHALMIC:
SENSORY: UPPER
FACE
V2- MAXILLARY:
SENSORY: MIDFACE
V3- MANDIBULAR:
MOTOR: MUSCLES
OF MASTICATION
SENSORY: LOWER
FACE
CRANIAL NERVE V:
TRIGEMINAL

FORAMINAE:
V1- OPHTHALMIC:
SUPERIOR
ORBITAL
FISSURE
V2- MAXILLARY:
FORAMEN
ROTUNDUM
V3- MANDIBULAR:
FORAMEN OVALE
CRANIAL NERVE V: TRIGEMINAL
CRANIAL NERVE V: TRIGEMINAL
CRANIAL NERVE V: TRIGEMINAL
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION:
• TEMPORALIS CRANIAL NERVE V3:
• MASSETER MANDIBULAR
• MEDIAL PTERYGOID
• LATERAL PTERYGOID
CRANIAL NERVE VI: ABDUCENS

ORIGIN:
PONS
LOWER
MARGIN
FUNCTION:
MOTOR: EYE
MOVEMENTS
USING
LATERAL
RECTUS
CRANIAL
NERVE VI:
ABDUCENS

PARALYSIS
OF LATERAL
RECTUS
EXTRAOCULAR
MUSCLES
NERVE SUPPLY
TO THE
EXTRAOCULAR
MUSCLES:
OCULOMOTOR N
TROCHLEAR N
ABDUCENS N
CRANIAL NERVE VII: FACIAL
ORIGIN:
PONS (LOWER
MARGIN)
FUNCTION:
MOTOR: MUSCLES
OF FACIAL
EXPRESSION
SENSORY: TASTE IN
THE ANTERIOR 2/3
OF THE TONGUE
(CHORDAE TYMPANI)
PARASYMPATHETIC:
LACRIMAL &
SALIVARY
(SUBMANDIBULAR &
SUBLINGUAL)
GLANDS
CRANIAL
NERVE
VII:
FACIAL

TERMINAL
BRANCHES
• TEMPORAL
• ZYGOMATIC
• BUCCAL
• MANDIBULAR
• CERVICAL
CRANIAL
NERVE
VII:
FACIAL

MUSCLES OF
FACIAL
EXPRESSIONS
CRANIAL
NERVE
VII:
FACIAL

MUSCLES OF
FACIAL
EXPRESSIONS
CRANIAL
NERVE VII:
FACIAL

FACIAL
NERVE
PARALYSIS
CRANIAL
NERVE
VII:
FACIAL

CHORDA
TYMPANI
BRANCH
• TASTE TO THE
ANTERIOR
TONGUE
CRANIAL NERVE I:
FACIAL
CHORDA TYMPANI
CRANIAL
NERVE VII:
FACIAL

TASTE
SENSATION
TO THE
ANTERIOR
2/3 OF THE
TONGUE
NERVE SUPPLY TO THE SUBMANDIBULAR AND
SUBLINGUAL GLANDS
DISTRIBUTION
OF FACIAL
NERVE
CRANIAL NERVE VIII: VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR

ORIGIN:
GROOVE
BETWEEN
PONS &
MEDULLA
OBLONGATA
FUNCTION:
VESTIBULAR
(SENSORY):
EQUILIBRIUM
COCHLEAR
(SENSORY):
HEARING
CRANIAL NERVE VIII: VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR

INTERNAL
AUDITORY
MEATUS
WITH FACIAL
NERVE
DIVISIONS:
VESTIBULAR:
EQUILIBRIUM
COCHLEAR:
HEARING
VESTIBULO-COCHLEAR NERVE
VESTIBULAR NERVE: STATIC EQUILIBRIUM
VESTIBULAR NERVE: DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM
CRANIAL NERVE IX:
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL

ORIGIN:
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
FUNCTION:
MOTOR:
STYLOPHARYNGEUS
SENSORY:
TASTE & ORDINARY
SENSATION OF
POSTERIOR 1/3 OF
TONGUE
ORDINARY
SENSATION OF
PHARYNX, CAROTID
SINUS & CAROTID
BODY
PARASYMPATHETIC:
PAROTID GLAND
CRANIAL NERVE IX:
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL

ORIGIN:
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
FUNCTION:
MOTOR:
STYLOPHARYNGEUS
SENSORY:
TASTE & ORDINARY
SENSATION OF
POSTERIOR 1/3 OF
TONGUE
ORDINARY
SENSATION OF
PHARYNX, CAROTID
SINUS & CAROTID
BODY
PARASYMPATHETIC:
PAROTID GLAND
CRANIAL NERVE IX:
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL

ORIGIN:
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
FUNCTION:
MOTOR:
STYLOPHARYNGEUS
SENSORY:
TASTE & ORDINARY
SENSATION OF
POSTERIOR 1/3 OF
TONGUE
ORDINARY
SENSATION OF
PHARYNX, CAROTID
SINUS & CAROTID
BODY
PARASYMPATHETIC:
PAROTID GLAND
CRANIAL NERVE X:
VAGUS
ORIGIN:
MEDULLA
OBLONGATA
FUNCTION:
MOTOR: PHARYNX &
LARYNX
SENSORY:
EXTERNAL
AUDITORY MEATUS
PHARYNX
LARYNX
AORTIC SINUS
THORACIC
VISCERAE
ABDOMINAL
VISCERAE
PARASYMPATHETIC:
THORACIC &
ABDOMINAL
VISCERAE
CRANIAL NERVE X:
VAGUS
CRANIAL NERVE X:
VAGUS
ORIGIN:
MEDULLA
OBLONGATA
FUNCTION:
MOTOR: PHARYNX &
LARYNX
SENSORY:
EXTERNAL
AUDITORY MEATUS
PHARYNX
LARYNX
AORTIC SINUS
THORACIC
VISCERAE
ABDOMINAL
VISCERAE
PARASYMPATHETIC:
THORACIC &
ABDOMINAL
VISCERAE
CRANIAL NERVE XI:
ACCESSORY
ORIGIN:
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
UPPER 5 CERVICAL
SPINAL NERVES
FUNCTION:
MOTOR:
TRAPEZIUS
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
MUSCLES OF PHARYNX
MUSCLES OF LARYNX
ROOTS OF
THE SPINAL
ACCESSORY
NERVE
SPINAL ACCESSORY NERVE
SPINAL ACCESSORY NERVE
CRANIAL
NERVES IN
THE
JUGULAR
FORAMEN

CN IX:
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL

CN X:
VAGUS

CN XI:
SPINAL ACCESSORY
CRANIAL
NERVES IN
THE
JUGULAR
FORAMEN

CN IX:
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL

CN X:
VAGUS

CN XI:
SPINAL ACCESSORY
CRANIAL NERVE XII:
HYPOGLOSSAL

ORIGIN:
MEDULLA
OBLONGATA
ANTERIOR
LATERAL SULCUS
BETWEEN OLIVE
& PYRAMID
FUNCTION:
MOTOR:
MUSCLES OF
THE TONGUE
CRANIAL NERVE XII:
HYPOGLOSSAL

HYPOGLOSSAL
CANAL
CRANIAL NERVE XII: HYPOGLOSSAL
THE TWELVE CRANIAL NERVES
CRANIAL FOSSAE CRANIAL
• FORAMINAE NERVES
CRANIAL
NERVES
CRANIAL
NERVES
CRANIAL NERVES
CRANIAL NERVES