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Uwe Zscherpel-Computed Radiography
Uwe Zscherpel-Computed Radiography
Computed
Computed Radiography
Radiography
--INDE
INDE2007,
2007,Kalpakkam,
Kalpakkam,India
India--
Requests
Requestsand
andinformation
informationto:
Uwe Zscherpel, Uwe Ewert Dr. U. Zscherpel / BAM
to:
Dr. U. Zscherpel / BAM
BAM Berlin, Division VIII.3 e-mail
e-mailuwez@bam.de
uwez@bam.de
1
Scanner
Imaging
for Imaging
Plates
Plates
Radiography
with
Imaging Plates
(CR)
Hard Copy
Grayscale
Agfa Printer
Read-out
Erasure Laser
X-ray tube
Film
Comparison:
a) Imaging plates (IP) and
b) Film
6
2*Noise
Signal
Contrast
steel, 160 kV
11
∝√(D-D )
film ∝√(D-D00)
SNR
SNRfilm
SNR
SNRMax (class C , D<4.5)
Max(class Cxx, D<4.5)
Minimum gradient-
System class noise ratio at
Signal to Noise Ratio
NOTE:The SNR-values of table 1 are equivalent to EN 584-1, ISO 11699-1, ASTM E 1815-96
They are calculated by: SNR = log (e) · (Gradient/Granularity) of table 1 of the corresponding
standards and up-rounded. The calculation of measured SNR values shall be performed from
dose proportional data. Part 1: Classification of Systems
14
CR problem:
SNR limited by structure noise
of imaging plates!
160,00
y = -0,7114x 4 + 11,315x 3 - 63,635x 2 + 159x
R2 = 0,9974
140,00
120,00
100,00
80,00
60,00
0,00
0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8
Wurzel (Dosis)
15
20
- The contrast sensitivity improves with the increasing exposure time (better
SNR, weaker details becomes visible!)
- The structural noise of the IPs limits the max. achievable SNR
- Step hole, plate hole and wire image quality indicators measure the increase of
CNR and improvement of contrast sensitivity
- Unsharp imaging plates achieve a higher max. SNR and need less exposure
time
- The normalized SNRN (with BSR) is independent on the unsharpness, but
depends on the efficiency and plate homogeneity
- Only unsharp IPs for radiography with higher energy (about > 250 keV) yield
a considerable reduction of exposure time in comparison to film.
21
Wire IQI
EN 462-1
European Standard
EN 14784-2
23
Agfa NDT
Agfa Prototype
(blue) 8 9 10 11 12 13
25
Important Advantages:
- flexible imaging plates (IP) in
direct contact with inner canister wall
- arbitrary formats possible (length not
limited, width max. 14“ (35cm)
- could even be tried with existing set-
up (colimator, rotating canister)
- small Laser spot (8 µm) allows
small BSR for high resolution plates scan direction
26
• “weld quality”
HD CR 35 NDT:
of Dürr, Germany
27
28
Evaluation of Phantom:
31
32
35x43 cm²
Protoype
Available from:
- Fluke Biomedical,
Part/No. 07-605-2435, 14”x17”
www.flukebiomedical.com/rms
34
Pair 9 = 260 µm
Æ BSR = 0.13 mm
35
3.6 lp/mm
Unsharpness = 280 µm
Problems
Problemsarise
arisefor
forhigh
highresolution
resolution
systems;
systems;aliasing
aliasingeffects
effects
36
MTF
39
40
42