DISEASE SIGNALMENT PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CSX TX

HCM Maine coon cats Inherited defect in myosin binding protein -> concentric Left sidedCHF, paralysis (ATE) or Frusemide, ACE inhibitors, beta
hypertrophy of the LV & CHF sudden death blockers, NO PIMOBENDAN
PDA GSD, mini poodle, Blood from aorta to PA -> more blood in lungs -> LA/LV Left sidedCHF signs if not reversed Surgery to ligate ligamentum
Pomeranians and maltese, eccentric hypertrophy -> CHF -> pulmonary hypertension -> If reversed, cyanosis, arteriosum
75% female reversal of shunt polycythaemia, exercise intolerance
and dyspnoea
ASD Standard poodles Blood from LA -> RA in diastole -> RA volume overload -> RHS Right sided CHF Transvascular plug
failure Standard care for CHF
TETRALOGY OF - Pulmonary stenosis, VSD, dextraposed aorta and RV Shunt reversal -> cyanosis, Phlebotomy to maintain PCV at 60-
FALLOT hypertrophy polycythaemia, exercise intolerance 65%, beta blockers for syncope,
and dyspnoea surgical creation of a L to right shunt
PULMONIC Small breeds – mini Valve dysplasia -> stenosis and insufficiency Right sided CHF, syncope, sudden Balloon valvuloplasty, thoracotomy,
STENOSIS schnauzer, English bulldog death standard CHF Tx
SUBAORTIC Large breeds – Persistence of chondroproliferative cells in the LV -> produce Syncope, left sided CHF, lethargy, Class 2 antiarrhythmics for VTach,
STENOSIS newfoundland, subaortic fibrocartilaginous ring -> stenosis -> LV concentric fever standard Tx for CHF and antibiotics
Rottweiler, boxer, golden hypertrophy -> VTach, endocarditis and LCHF for endocarditis
retriever, GSD Corrective procedures do not
improve survival times
VSD Common in cats Blood flows from LV -> RV -> more blood in lungs -> LA and LV Left sided CHF if no shunt reversal Transvascular repair,
eccentric hypertrophy -> pulmonary hypertension -> reversal Shunt reversal -> cyanosis, antihypertensives, pulmonary artery
of shunt polycythaemia, exercise intolerance banding to equalise the pressure
and dyspnoea across ventricles, standard CHF Tx
CONGENITAL Labrador retriever Stenosis of tricuspid valve -> backing up of blood -> RCHF Right sided CHF Balloon valvuloplasty, standard Tx
TRICUSPID for CHF
DYSPLASIA
MTVD As for MMVD Tricuspid insufficiency -> RCHF Right sided CHF Standard CHF Tx
MMVD Small breed, middle to old Proteoglycan deposition and disarrangement of collagen Left sided CHF Standard Tx for CHF
aged, males develop and fibres in the mitral valve -> degeneration -> insufficiency ->
progess faster. Inherited LA/LV eccentric hypertrophy -> CHF
in CKCS and dashies
MITRAL Medium to large breed Requires bacteraemia, valvular endothelial damage Left sided CHF Standard CHF Tx, IV antibiotics
ENDOCARDITIS dogs, >5 year old males. (microtrauma with high velocity blood flow), platelet and based on C+S
Sick dogs. fibrin adhesion to damaged vascular endothelium for bacterial
adherence and immune system compromise => mitral valve
insufficiency
DCM Middle to old aged large Inherited defect in myocyte structural protein or Unilateral or bilateral CHF, syncope Standard CHF Tx + antiarrhythmics
breed dogs dietary/drug/tachycardia induced. Systolic dysfuntion of the or sudden death due to VTach/VFib (atenolol, lignocaine)
ventricular myocardium -> decreased CO -> neurohormonal
activation and LA/LV eccentric hypertrophy -> CHF
MITRAL VALVE Congenital defect in large As for MMVD, may also be stenotic As for MMVD Standard CHF Tx, balloon
DYSPLASIA breed dogs valvuloplasty if also stenotic
NB: Standard CHF Tx = pimobendan, frusemide and ACE inhibitors.