CHAPTER

2.1 Taking velocity = c = 3 ¥ 108 m/sec

l 0.5
Transit time ttr = =
c 3 ¥ 108
= 1.66 n sec.
3 ¥ 108
Wavelength l = = 0.2 m
1.5 ¥ 109
2p 2p
Phase difference = l= ¥ 0.5 = 15.7 rad
l 0.2
2.2 w = 2p ¥ 900 ¥ 106 rad/s = 5.655 ¥ 109
g = (0.2 + j 5.655 ×10 9 × 0.3 ×10 – 6) (0 + j 5.655 ×10 9 ×15 ×10 –12 )
= 7 ¥ 10-4 + j 11.99 per meter
0.2 + j 5.655 ¥ 10 9 ¥ 0.3 ¥ 10 - 6
Z0 =
0 + j 5.655 ¥ 10 9 ¥ 15 ¥ 10 -12
= 141.2 - j 8.33 ¥ 10-3 W
2.3 For distortionless line
R G
=
L C
RC 0.2 ¥ 15 ¥ 10 -12
fi G= = = 10-5
/m
L 0.3 ¥ 10 -6
Z0 = 141.42 W (Real)
2.4 V = {V + e-jbz + V - e jbz } e jw t
At = 0 and z = 0, V = V + + V - = 25 V
1
I= {V + - V -} = 2 A
Z0
fi V + - V - = 100
fi 2V + = 125 Æ V + = 62.5 V
V - = 25 - 62.5 = - 37.5 V
2.2 Electromagnetic Waves

2p 2p
At z = ± l /3, b z = ± ◊ l /3 = ±
l 3
For z = + l /3
Ï - j 2p / 3
- 37.5e j 2p / 3 ¸˝
V = Re Ì 62.5e
Ó ˛
= - 12.5 V
I = - 1.00 Amp.
For z = - l /3 V = 12.5
2.5 g = 0.05 + j15
V = V + e-0.05x
0.8 = e-0.05x
1 1 F I
x=
0.05
ln
0.8 H K
= 4.46 m
The phase change = b z = 15 ¥ 4.46 = 66.94 rad
2.6 w = 2p ¥ 900 ¥ 106 = 5.65 ¥ 109 rad/s
R + jw L
Now Z0 = ,
G + jw C

g= (R + jw L ) (G + jw C )
Z0 g = R + jwL = 15 + j 655
g
= G + jwC = 0.027 + 0.152 g = 1 + j10
Z0
R = 15 W/m, G = 0.027
/m,
L = 0.116 mH, C = 26.84 pF
Low loss line f > 9 GHz
3A 5 dB

10 V
2.7 Matched load No reflection

5
al = = 0.576
8.68
V = V+e-g z
V + -g z
I= e
Z0
 Solution Manual 2.3

2
V+
Re(VI*) = e-2a z
Z*0
At z = 0 power input = 10 ¥ 3 = 30 W
Ï V+ 2 ¸
Ô Ô
30 = Re Ì * ˝
ÔÓ Z 0 Ô˛
Power to the load = 30 ¥ e-1.152
PL = 9.48 W
Loss in cable = 30 - 18.96 = 20◊52 W

2.8 fi a ª 5/m

F 100 I 2
Power supp by the generator =
H 120 K ¥ 70 = 48.61 W

Power absorbed by the line

(1 - e-2a l ) = 0.99
e-2a l = 0.01
1
l= ln (100)
2¥5
= 0.46 m
2.9 g = 0.2 + j 2.5
fi b = 2.5 rad/m
2p 2p
l= = = 2.513 m
b 2.5
100 + j 50 - (50 - j 5)
GL = = 0.41 + j 0.24
100 + j 50 + (50 - j 5)
At l = 3 m,
g l = (0.2 + j 2.5) ¥ 3 = 0.6 + j 7.5
G(l = 3m) = GL e-2g l = - 0.045 - j 0.136
Z = 42.87 - j16.62
2.10 g = 20 –89° = 0.35 + j19.99
GL = 0.7 –30° = 0.606 + j 0.35
G = GL e-2g l = - 0.03 - j 0.03
2.4 Electromagnetic Waves

1+ G
Z= 50 = 47 – j2.82 W
1- G
50 W

75 – 30°
2.11 100 – 0° 50 W ZL

l /3
Zin
100 –0
V= and Zin = 75 –30°
50 + Zin
100 Zin = 75 ¥ 50 –30° + 75 Zin –30°
3750 –30∞
Zin = = 16.52 + j 71.17
100 - 75 –30∞
100 - 75 –30∞
Iin = = 0.7 - j 0.75 A
50
1
Power Input = Re{VI*} = 17.34 W.
2
2p
bl = l /3 = 2p /3
l
Ï Z cos (- b l ) + j 50 sin ( - b l) ¸
ZL = 50 Ì in ˝
Ó 50 cos (- b l ) + j Zin sin ( -b l ) ˛
= 26.69 - j 97.23 W
75 + j 35 - 300
2.12 GL = = - 0.586 + j 0.148
75 + j 35 + 300
|GL| = 0.604
1 + GL
VSWR r = = 4.05
1 - GL
Rmax = 4.05 ¥ 300 = 1215.15 W
Rmin = 300/4.05 = 74.06 W
2.13 |V |max = 100 V, |I |max = 4A
V max 100
Z0 = = = 25 W
I max 4
25% power is reflected fi |GL|2 = 0.25
|GL| = 0.25 = 0.5
 Solution Manual 2.5

1 + 0.5 1.5
r= = =3
1 - 0.5 0.5
Rmax = 25 ¥ 3 = 75 W
Rmin = 25/3 = 8.33 W
2.14 Imax = {V + + V -} = 20
1
Imin = {V + - V -} = 12
Z0
I + = V + Z0
2V + = 32 Z0 fi V + = 16 Z0 V
V - = 4 Z0 V
2 2
V+ V-
Power delivered = - = 256 Z0 - 16 Z0
Z0 Z0
= 240 Z0 = 240 ¥ 300 = 72 kW
50 W

Vin ZL = R + jX
2.15 V Z0 = 75 W = 100 + j 35 W

Zin

Ï Z cos b l + j Z0 sin b l ¸
Zin = Z0 Ì L ˝
Ó Z0 cos b l + j Z L sin b l ˛
Ï Z + j Z0 tan b l ¸
= Z0 Ì L ˝
Ó Z0 + j Z L tan b l ˛
V
I= ,
50 + Zin
Vin = I Zin
Power = Re (Vin I*) = Re {I Z*in · V*}
P = Re {Zin |I |2}
Ï
P = V2 Z0 Ì
(15 - 7 x ) 2 + 400 x 2 ¸ RS
300 (1 + x 2 ) UV
T W
˝ ¥
2 2
Ó (2250 - 350 x ) + (525 + 2125 x ) ˛ (15 - 7 x )2 + 400 x 2
where x = tan b l
RS 12 (1 + x )2 UV
T(450 - 70x ) + (105 + 421 x ) W
2
P = V Z0 2 2
2.6 Electromagnetic Waves

dP
Making =0 fi l = 0.06 l
dl
l
75 W

2.16 50 V V
50 W 0.03 – j 0.01 = YL
1
ZL = = 30 + j10
YL
l=0 3l /5
Zin
Take origin at the generator end,
50
I= = (V + – V -)/Z0
Zin + 75
50 Zin
V = V + +V - = I Zin =
Zin + 75
Zin = 49.79 + j 28.8 W
V = 21.47 + j 6.58 = V + + V -
V+ - V–
I = 0.38 - j 0.088 =
50
V + 50 I
fi V+ = = 20.24 + j 1.1
2
V - 50 I
V- =
= 1.22 + j 5.49
2
Forward voltage wave V + = 20.24 + j 11
V+
Forward current wave I + = = 0.4 + j 0.02
Z0

Complex Power

Input Pin = V I* = 7.59 + j 4.39 W

1
Load {V + e-jb l + V- e-jbl} {V + e-jbl - V- ejbl}
PL =
Z0
= 7.59 + j 2.53
(Please note the sence, the line is lossless the real power at the input and at
the load is same.)
 Solution Manual 2.7

1 + | G|
2.17 Const VSWR r =
1 - | G|
r -1
fi |G | = = K. (say)
r +1
r + jx - 1
|G | = =K
r + jx + 1
(r - 1)2 + x2 = {(r + 1)2 + x2} K2
r2 - 2r + 1 + x2 = {r2 + 2r + 1 + x2} K2
r2 (1 - K2) + x2 (1 - K2) - 2r (1 + K2) + (1 + K2) = 0

(1 + K 2 )
fi r2 + x2 - 2r + 1 = 0 ¨ Circle
1 – K2
substituting for K,

( r 2 + 1)
r 2 + x2 - r+1=0
r

(r 2 + 1, 0) r2 - 1
Centre = , Radius =
2r 2r

For r = 1 fi Centre (1, 0), Rad = 0

r = 5 fi Centre (2.6, 0), Rad = 2.4
r = • fi Centre (•, 0), Rad = • i.e., r = 0 line

jx
r=•
r=1
O r

r=5

2.18 Same phase angle for impedance means

x/r = K = tan q

1+ G 1+ u + j v
r + jx = =
1- G 1- u - j v

Ê L ˆ Ê L ˆ
tan-1 (x/r) = tan-1 Á ˜ + tan-1 Á
Ë 1+ u ¯ Ë 1 + u ˜¯
2.8 Electromagnetic Waves

Ï v v ¸
Ô + Ô
q = tan-1 Ì 1+ u 1 u ˝-
Ô1 - v2 (1 - u 2 ) Ô
Ó ˛

ÏÔ 2L ¸Ô
-1 Ì ˝
= tan 1` u ` L
ÓÔ ˛Ô

2L
fi 1 – u2 – v2 =
tanq

2L
fi u2 + v2 + – 1 = 0 ¨ circle
tanq

Ê 1 ˆ
Centre Á 0, - , Rad = cosec q
Ë tanq ˜¯
Centre Rad
q=0 (0, – •) • v = 0 line
q = 30° (0, 3) 2
q = 45° (0, -1) 2
q = 60° (0, –1/ 3 ) 2/ 3
q = 90° (0, 0) 1
90°

60°
G-plane
45°
30°

q=0

1+ u + j v
2.19 r+jx=
1 - (u + j v)

Let |z | = K = r2 + x 2
(1 + u)2 + v 2
fi K2 =
(1 - u)2 + v 2
 Solution Manual 2.9

Rearranging terms gives the desired equation of the curve

FG K + 1IJ + 1 = 0 2
u2 + v2 - 2u
H K - 1K 2

This is a circle with

FG K 2
+1 IJ
Centre:
HK 2
-1
,0
K
2K
Radius:
K2 - 1
2.20
IMPEDANCE OR ADMITTANCE COORDINATES

0.12 0.13
0.11 0.14
0.38 0.37
0.10 0.39 0.36 0.15
0.40 90 0.35
9 100 80
0.0 0.1
6
1
1.0

0.4 0.3
0.9

110 70 4
1.2
0.8

8
0.0 0.1
7
1.4

2 +JB
0.7

0.4 0 0.3
12 Yo 60 3
07
1.6

0. 0.
0.6

18
43
0. 0.2 0.
0 1.8 32
13 50
0.5

0
06

2.
0.

0.
44

19
0.

0.
31
0.4
4
5

0.
0.0

14
5

40

0.2
0.4

0.3

0
X
+J

0
o
Z

0.6 3.0
4
0.0

0.3
(ii)
0.4

0.2
0
15

0.2

1
30
0.8

9
R
ATO

4.0
3
0.0

7
R

1.0
0.4
ENE

0.2
0.2
0

0.2

2
5.0
160
SG

1.

8
20
ARD

8
0.
0.02
TOW

0.48

0.23
0.27
GTHS

6
0.
(iii)
0.1
WAVELEN

10
10
0.01

0.4
0.49

0.24
0.26

0.2 20
(v)
0.4
0.1

50 (v)
0.2

0.3

0.5

0.6

0.7

1.0
0.9
0.8

1.2

1.4

1.8
2.0

4.0

5.0
1.6

3.0
0
0
0

10

20

0.25
50

0.25

SC R G
0

RESISTANCE COMPONENT OR CONDUCTANCE COMPONENT

Zo Yo
0.2
50
OC
0.01
0.49

20
LOAD

0.24
0.26

0.1
- 10

0.4
0.02 WARDS

10
(i)
S TO
0.48

0.6
0.23
NGTH

0.27
VELE

1.8
0
- 16

- 20

0.2
Zo
WA

-JX
3
0.0

0
.47

1.

5.0
0.2
0.2
0

1.0
8

0
4.
0
4

0.8
0.0

-
-1
.46

0.2

0.3
30

0.2
0

1
9

0.6
0
5

3.
0.0

(iv)
0.2
5

40
0.4

0.4
-

0.3
0
1

40
-

o 0.4
06

Z
X
-J
0.

0.
44

19

5
0.
0.

0 0.
31

-
13
2.0

50
-
07 0.
0. 0.2 18
1.8

43
6

0.
0.
0.

32
20
1.6

-6
8 -1 0 0.1
0.0
0.7

7
1.4

2 0.3
0.8

0.4 0 - 70 3
0.9

- 11
1.2

9 0.1
1.0

0.0 6
1 0.3
0.4 - 100 - 80
dm 0.10 - 90 0.15 4
in 0.11
l =0 0.40 0.12 0.13
0.14 0.35
.27
5 0.39 0.36
0.38 0.37

RA

RADIALLY SCALED PARAMETERS

TRANSM.LOSS

COER
LOSS

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.6
00

1.5
20

10

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.0

.10

.20

.30

.40

VOL
.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.0

REFL. COEF.
0

R E F L ECTI ON
STEPS
1 DB

PWP- RETN REFL

0

.01

.02

.04

.06

.08
.10

TOWARD GENERATOR TOWARD LOAD

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.0
40.

30.

20.

15.
STANDING WAVE

10.
00

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0
0.5

9.0

8.0

7.0
40

6.0
25

5.0
20

4.0
14

3.0
12

2.0
IN

10

1.0
0

LOSS IN DL
0
RATIO

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0
00

40

20

10

1.8

1.6

1.4
VOL.

1.2

1.0
0

1.0

0.5

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

1.0

00

CENTER
 2.10 Electromagnetic Waves

IMPEDANCE OR ADMITTANCE COORDINATES

0.12 0.13
0.11 0.14
0.38 0.37
0.10 0.39 0.36 0.15
0.40 90 0.35
9 100 80
0.0 0.1
6
1

1.0
0.4 0.3

0.9
110 70 4

1.2
0.8
8
0.0 0.1
7

1.4
2 +JB

0.7
0.4 0 0.3
12 Yo 60 3
07

1.6
0. 0.
0.6
18
43
0. 0.2 0.

1.8
32
0
13 50
0.5

0
06

2.
0.

0.
44

19
0.

0.
31
0.4
4
5

0.
0.0

14
5

40

0.2
0.4

0.3

0
X
+J

0
o
Z

0.6 3.0
4
0.0

0.3
0.4

0.2
0
15

0.2

1
30
0.8

9
R

4.0
ATO

(ix)
3
0.0

7
R

1.0
0.4
ENE

0.2
(x)

0.2
0
0.2

2
5.0
160
SG

1.

8
20
ARD

(viii) (vii)
8
0.
0.02
TOW

0.48

0.23
0.27
GTHS

6
0.
0.1
WAVELEN

10

10
0.01

0.4
0.49

0.24
0.26
0.2 20
(vi)
0.4
0.1

50
0.2

0.3

0.5

0.6

0.7

1.0
0.9

(vi)
0.8

1.2

1.4

1.8
2.0

4.0

5.0
1.6

3.0
0
0
0

10

20

0.25
50

0.25
R G

0
OC RESISTANCE COMPONENT
Zo
OR CONDUCTANCE COMPONENT
Yo
50 SC
0.2
0.01
0.49

20
0.02 WARDS LOAD

0.24
0.26
0.1

- 10
0.4
10
S TO
0.48

0.6

0.23
NGTH

0.27
VELE

1.8
0
- 16

- 20
0.2
Zo
WA

-JX
3
0.0

0
7

1.

5.0

0.2
0.4

0
.28
2
1.0

0
4.
0
4

0.8
0.0

-3
-1
.46

0.2
0.3
0

0.2
0

1
9
0.6
0
.05

3.

0.2
5

0
0.4

14

0.4
-

0.3
0
40
-

o 0.4
06

Z
X
-J
0.

0.
44

19

5
0.
0.

0 0.
31

-
13
2.0

50
-
07 0.
0. 0.2 18
1.8

43
6

0.
0.
0.

32
20
1.6

-6
8 -1 0 0.1
0.0
0.7

7
1.4

2 0.3
0.8

0.4 0 - 70 3
0.9

- 11
1.2

9 0.1
1.0

0.0 6
1 0.3
0.4 - 100 - 80
dm 0.10 - 90 0.15 4
in 0.11
l =0 0.40 0.12 0.13
0.14 0.35
.27
5 0.39 0.36
0.38 0.37

RA

RADIALLY SCALED PARAMETERS

TRANSM.LOSS

COER
LOSS

5.0
4.0

3.0

2.0
1.6

1.5

1.4
00

1.2
20
10

1.1

.10
1.0

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.0
VOL

REFL. COEF.
0

R E F L ECTI ON
STEPS
1 DB

PWP- RETN REFL

TOWARD GENERATOR TOWARD LOAD

0

.01

.02

.04

.06
.08
.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.0
40.
30.

20.

15.

10.

8.0
00

6.0

4.0

2.0
STANDING WAVE

0.5

9.0
8.0

7.0
40

6.0
25

5.0
20

4.0
14

3.0
12

2.0
IN

10

1.0
0

LOSS IN DL
0
RATIO
VOL.

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0
0

1.0

0.5

1.0

2.0

3.0
00

40
20

10

4.0

5.0

1.0

00

CENTER

2.21 Z0 = 100 W
75 - j 30
ZL = = 0.75 - j 0.3
100
From Smith Chart, GL = - 0.11 - j 0.19
Zin = (1.54 - j 0.15) ¥ 100 = 154 - j 15 W
Gin = 0.215 - j 0.046
VSWR = 1.56
 Solution Manual 2.11

IMPEDANCE OR ADMITTANCE COORDINATES

0.12 0.13
0.11 0.14
0.38 0.37
0.10 0.39 0.36 0.15
0.40 90 0.35
9 100 80
0.0 0.1
6
1

1.0
0.4 0.3

0.9
110 70 4

1.2
0.8
8
0.0 0.1
7

1.4
2 +JB

0.7
0.4 0.3
1 20 Yo 60 3
07

1.6
0. 0.

0.6
18
43
0. 0.2 0.

1.8
32
0
13 50
0.5

0
06

2.
0.

0.
44

19
0.

0.
31
0.4
4
5

0.
0.0

14
5

40

0.2
0.4

0.3

0
X
+J

0
o
Z

0.6 3.0
4
0.0

0.3
0.4

0.2
0
15

0.2

1
30
0.8

9
R
ATO

4.0
3
0.0

7
R

1.0
0.4
ENE

0.2
0.2
0
0.2

2
5.0
160
SG

1.

8
20
ARD

8
0.
0.02
TOW

0.48

0.23
0.27
GTHS

6
0.
0.1
WAVELEN

10

10
0.01

0.4
0.49

0.24
0.26
0.2 20
0.4
0.1

50
0.2

0.3

0.5

0.6

0.7

1.0
0.9
0.8

1.2

1.4

1.8
2.0

4.0

5.0
1.6

3.0
0
0
0

10

20

0.25
50

0.25
R G

0
RESISTANCE COMPONENT OR CONDUCTANCE COMPONENT
Zo Yo
50
0.2 z
0.01
0.49

20
0.02 WARDS LOAD

0.24
0.26
0.1 z

- 10
0.4
10
TO
0.48

0.6
THS

0.23
0.27
0.0 AVELENG

1.8
0
- 16

- 20
0.2
Zo
-JX
3
W

0
.47

1.

5.0

0.2
0.2
0

2
1.0

8
0
4.
0
4

0.8
0.0

-
-1
.46

0.2
0.3 30

0.2
0

1
0.6 9
0
.05

3.

0.2
5

0
0.4

14

0.4
-

0
0

.30
40
-

o 0.4
06

Z
X
-J
0.

0.
44

19

5
0
0.

0.
.3

0 -
13
1
2.0

50
-
07 0.
0. 0.2 18
1.8

43
6

0.
0.
0.

32
20
1.6

-6
8 -1 0 0.1
0.0
0.7

7
1.4

2 0.3
0.8

0.4 0 - 70 3
0.9

- 11
1.2

9 0.1
1.0

0.0 6
.41 - 80 0.3
0
0.10 - 100 0.15 4
dm - 90
in 0.11
l =0 0.40 0.12 0.13
0.14 0.35
.27
5 0.39 0.36
0.38 0.37
TRANSM.LOSS

RADIALLY SCALED PARAMETERS

COER
LOSS

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.6
00

1.5
20

10

1.4

1.2

1.1

.10

.20

.30

.40

VOL
.50

.60
1.0

.70

.80

.90

1.0

REFL. COEF.
0

R E F L ECTI ON
STEPS

TOWARD GENERATOR
1 DB

PWP- RETN REFL

0

.01

.02

.04

TOWARD LOAD
.06

.08
.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.0
40.

30.

20.

15.
STANDING WAVE

10.
00

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0
0.5

9.0

8.0

7.0
40

6.0
25

5.0
20

4.0
14

3.0
12

2.0
IN

10

1.0
0

LOSS IN DL
0
RATIO

5.0

4.0
00

3.0
40

20

2.0
10

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0
VOL.

1.0

0.5

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

1.0

00

CENTER

2.22 Treat as Admittance Chart

25
r== 5/3 = 1.66
15
l/4 = 20 cm fi l = 80 cm
25 5l
l = – 25 cm = -
l=-
80 16
1
Yin = Y0(0.662 - j 0.25) = (0.662 - j 0.25)
100
= (6.62 - j 2.5) ¥ 10-3
 2.12 Electromagnetic Waves

IMPEDANCE OR ADMITTANCE COORDINATES

0.12 0.13
0.11 0.14
0.38 0.37
0.10 0.39 0.36 0.15
0.40 90 0.35
9 100 80
0.0 0.1
6
1

1.0
0.4 0.3

0.9
110 70 4

1.2
0.8
8
0.0 0.1
7

1.4
2 +JB

0.7
0.4 0.3
1 20 Yo 60 3
07

1.6
0. 0.

0.6
18
43
0. 0.2 0.

1.8
32
0
13 50
0.5

0
06

2.
0.

0.
44

19
0.

0.
31
0.4
4
5

0.
0.0

14
5

40

0.2
0.4

0.3

0
X
+J

0
o
Z

0.6 3.0
4
0.0

0.3
0.4

0.2
0
15

0.2

1
30
0.8

9
R
ATO

4.0
3
0.0

7
R

1.0
0.4
ENE

0.2
0.2
0
0.2

2
5.0
160
SG

1.

8
20
ARD

8
0.
5 l
0.02
TOW

0.48

0.23
16

0.27
GTHS

6
0.
0.1
WAVELEN

10

10
0.01

0.4
0.49

0.24
0.26
0.2 20
0.4
0.1

50
0.2

0.3

0.5

0.6

0.7

1.0
0.9
0.8

1.2

1.4

1.8
2.0

4.0

5.0
1.6

3.0
0
0
0

10

20

0.25
50

0.25
R G

0
RESISTANCE COMPONENT OR CONDUCTANCE COMPONENT
Zo Yo
50
0.2
Vmin
0.01
0.49

20
0.02 WARDS LOAD

0.24
0.26
0.1

- 10
0.4
10
Yin
S TO
0.48

0.6

0.23
NGTH

0.27
VELE

1.8
0
- 16

- 20
0.2
Zo
WA

-JX
3
0.0

0
7

1.

5.0

0.2
0.4

0.2
2
1.0

8
0
4.
0
4

15

0.8
0.0

-3
6

0.2
0.3
-
0.4

0.2
1
9
0.6
0
5

3.
0.0

0.2
5

0
0.4

14

0.4
-

0.3
0
40
-

o 0.4
06

Z
X
-J
0.

0.
44

19

5
0.
0.

0 0.
31

-
13
2.0

50
-
07 0.
0. 0.2 18
1.8

43
6

0.
0.
0.

32
20
1.6

-6
8 -1 0 0.1
0.0
0.7

7
1.4

2 0.3
0.8

0.4 0 - 70 3
0.9

- 11
1.2

9 0.1
1.0

0.0 6
1 0.3
0.4 - 100 - 80
dm 0.10 - 90 0.15 4
in 0.11
l =0 0.40 0.12 0.13
0.14 0.35
.27
5 0.39 0.36
0.38 0.37
TRANSM.LOSS

RADIALLY SCALED PARAMETERS

COER
LOSS

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.6
00

1.5
20

10

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.0

.10

.20

.30

.40

VOL
.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.0

REFL. COEF.
0

R E F L ECTI ON
STEPS

TOWARD GENERATOR
1 DB

PWP- RETN REFL

TOWARD LOAD
0

.01

.02

.04

.06

.08
.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.0
40.

30.

20.

15.
STANDING WAVE

10.
00

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0
0.5

9.0

8.0

7.0
40

6.0
25

5.0
20

4.0
14

3.0
12

2.0
IN

10

1.0
0

LOSS IN DL
0
RATIO

5.0

4.0
00

3.0
40

20

2.0
10

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0
VOL.

1.0

0.5

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

1.0

00

CENTER

2.23 Impedance chart

Zmax = rZ0 = 150
Zmin = Z0/r = 50 fi Z0 = 150 ¥ 50 = 86.6
r = 150/Z0 = 1.732
Z min = 50/Z0 = 0.577
Z in = 1.02 - j 0.56 fi Zin = 88.7 - j48.7 W
 Solution Manual 2.13
IMPEDANCE OR ADMITTANCE COORDINATES

0.12 0.13
0.11 0.14
0.38 0.37
0.10 0.39 0.36 0.15
0.40 90 0.35
9 100 80
0.0 0.1
6
1

1.0
0.4 0.3

0.9
110 70 4

1.2
0.8
8
0.0 0.1
7

1.4
2 +JB

0.7
0.4 0 0.3
12 Yo 60 3
07

1.6
0. 0.

0.6
18
43
0. 0.2 0.

1.8
32
0
13 50
0.5

0
06

2.
0.

0.
44

19
0.

0.
31
0.4
4
5

0.
0.0

14
5

40

0.2
0.4

0.3

0
X
+J

0
o
Z

0.6 3.0
4
0.0

0.3
0.4

0.2
0
15

0.2

1
30
0.8

9
R
ATO

4.0
3
0.0

7
R

1.0
0.4
ENE

0.2
0.2
0
0.2

2
5.0
160
SG

1.

8
20
ARD

8
0.
0.02
TOW

0.48

0.23
0.27
GTHS

6
0.
0.1
WAVELEN

10

10
0.01

0.4
0.49

0.24
0.26
Zmin 0.2 20
0.4
0.1

50
0.2

0.3

0.5

0.6

0.7

1.0
0.9
0.8

1.2

1.4

1.8
2.0

4.0

5.0
1.6

3.0
0
0
0

10

20

0.25
50

0.25
R G

0
RESISTANCE COMPONENT OR CONDUCTANCE COMPONENT
Zo Yo
50
0.2

Imax
0.01
0.49

20
0.15l
0.02 WARDS LOAD

0.24
0.26
0.1 Location

- 10
0.4
10
Zin
S TO
0.48

0.6

0.23
NGTH

0.27
VELE

1.8
0
- 16

- 20
0.2
Zo
WA

-JX
3
0.0

0
7

1.

5.0

0.2
0.4

0
.28
2
1.0

0
4.
50
4

0.8
0.0

-3
-1
6

0.2
0.3
0.4

0.2
1
9
0.6
0
5

3.
0.0

0.2
5

0
0.4

14

0.4
-

0.3
0
40
-

o 0.4
06

Z
X
-J
0.

0.
4

19
4

5
0.
0.

0 0.
31

-
13
2.0

50
-
07 0.
0. 0.2 18
1.8

43
6

0.
0.
0.

32
20
1.6

-6
8 -1 0 0.1
0.0
0.7

7
1.4

2 0.3
0.8

0.4 0 - 70 3
0.9

- 11
1.2

.09 0.1
1.0

0 6
1 0.3
0.4 - 100 - 80
dm 0.10 - 90 0.15 4
in 0.11
l =0 0.40 0.12 0.13
0.14 0.35
.27
5 0.39 0.36
0.38 0.37
TRANSM.LOSS

RADIALLY SCALED PARAMETERS

COER
LOSS

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.6
00

1.5
20

10

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.0

.10

.20

.30

.40

VOL
.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.0

REFL. COEF.
0

R E F L ECTI ON
STEPS

TOWARD GENERATOR
1 DB

PWP- RETN REFL

TOWARD LOAD
0

.01

.02

.04

.06

.08
.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.0
40.

30.

20.

15.
STANDING WAVE

10.
00

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0
0.5

9.0

8.0

7.0
40

6.0
25

5.0
20

4.0
14

3.0
12

2.0
IN

10

1.0
0

LOSS IN DL
0
RATIO

5.0

4.0
00

3.0
40

20

2.0
10

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0
VOL.

1.0

0.5

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

1.0

00

CENTER

0.3 l
80 - j 30
2.24 ZL = = 1.6 – j 0.6
50
y¢ jbs yin
Z in (at l = 0.3l) = 0.67 + j 0.44
y in = 1/ Z in = 1.04 – j 0.68 lS
Stub admittance = + j0.68 = jbs
Move from + j0.68 to jb = • in anticlockwise direction to get
ls = 0.348 l
Just beyond junction
y¢ = 1.04 (Real)
VSWR = 1.04
 2.14 Electromagnetic Waves

IMPEDANCE OR ADMITTANCE COORDINATED

0.12 0.13
0.11 0.14
0.38 0.37
0.10 0.39 0.36 0.15
0.40 90 0.35
9 100 80
0.0 0.1
s
+ jb
6
1

1.0
0.4 0.3

0.9
110 70 4

1.2
0.8
8
0.0 0.1
7

1.4
2 +JB

0.7
0.4 0 0.3
12 Yo 60 3
07

1.6
0. 0.
0.6
18
43
0. 0.2 0.

1.8
32
0
13 50
0.5

0
06

2.
0.

0.
44

19
0.

0.
31
0.4
4
5

0.
0.0

14
5

40

0.2
0.4

0.3

0
X
+J

0
o
Z

0.6 3.0
4
0.0

0.3
0.4

0.2
0
15

0.2

1
30
0.8

9
R
ATO

4.0
3
0.0

7
R

1.0
0.4
ENE

0.2
0.2
0
0.2

2
5.0
160
SG

1.

8
20
ARD

8
0.
Zin
0.02
TOW

0.48

0.23
0.27
GTHS

6
0.
0.1
WAVELEN

10

10
0.01

0.4
0.49

0.24
0.26
Zmin 0.2 20

jb = 1
0.4
0.1

50
0.2

0.3

0.5

0.6

0.7

1.0
0.9
0.8

1.2

1.4

1.8
2.0

4.0

5.0
1.6

3.0
0
0
0

10

20

0.25
50

0.25
R G

0
RESISTANCE COMPONENT OR CONDUCTANCE COMPONENT
Zo Yo
50
0.2
0.01
0.49

20
Zin
0.02 WARDS LOAD

0.24
0.26
0.1

- 10
0.4
10
TO
0.48

0.6
S

0.23
NGTH

0.27
Yin 0.8
VELE
0
- 16

- 20
0.2
Zo
WA

-JX
3
0.0

0
.47

1.

5.0

0.2
0.2
0

2
1.0

8
0
4.
50
4

0.8
0.0

-3
-1
.46

0.2
0.3
0

0.2
0

1
9
0.6
0
.05

3.

0.2
5

0
0.4

14

0 .4
-

0.3
0
40
-

o 0.4
06

Z
X
-J
0.

0.
44

19

5
0.
0.

0 0.
3

-
13
1
2.0

50
-
07 0.
0. 0.2 18
1.8

43
6

0.
0.
0.

32
0
1.6

2 -6
8 -1 0 0.1
0.0
0.7

7
1.4

2 0.3
0.8

0.4 0 - 70 3
0.9

- 11
1.2

9 0.1
1.0

0.0 6
1 0.3
0.4 - 100 - 80
0.10 0.15 4
dm
– jbs = – jo.68
- 90
in 0.11
l =0 0.40 0.12 0.13
0.14 0.35
.27
5 0.39 0.36
0.38 0.37
TRANSM.LOSS

RADIALLY SCALED PARAMETERS

COER
LOSS

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.6
00

1.5
20

10

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.0

.10

.20

.30

.40

VOL
.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.0

REFL. COEF.
0

R E F L ECTI ON
STEPS

TOWARD GENERATOR
1 DB

PWP- RETN REFL

0

.01

.02

.04

.06

.08
.10

TOWARD LOAD
.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.0
40.

30.

20.

15.
STANDING WAVE

10.
00

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0
0.5

9.0

8.0

7.0
40

6.0
25

5.0
20

4.0
14

3.0
12

2.0
IN

10

1.0
0

LOSS IN DL
0
RATIO

5.0

4.0
00

3.0
40

20

2.0
10

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0
VOL.

1.0

0.5

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

1.0

00

CENTER

2.25 jX = – jZ0cot b l
Given X = 100 W
At 2 GHz,
l = 15 cm = 0.15 m
2p
b=
0.15
Z0 cot bl = – X
l (- X ) 0.15 ( -100)
l= cot–1 = cot–1
2p Z0 2p 50
= 0.064 m i.e. 6.4 cm
2p f
Now b=
c
 Solution Manual 2.15

\
ÊÊ (2p l ) ˆ f ˆ
X = – Z0 cot ÁÁ
ËË c ˜¯ ˜¯
∂f c 1
=
∂X 2p l 2p fl ˆ
Z 0 cosec2 Ê
Ë c ¯
f 1
= sin2 (b l)
b l Z0
∂f f X
Df = DX = ◊ sin2 (b l) DX
∂X b l Z0 X
Given DX/X = 10% = 0.1
2 ¥10 9 100 Ê 2p 0.064ˆ ¥ 0.1
fi Df = ◊ sin 2 Á ˜¯
(2p / 0.15)0.064 50 Ë 0.15
= 0.2987 ¥ 108 Hz
= 29.87 MHz
The bandwidth is 2Df = 59.75 MHz
2.26

Z0 = 300 W 200 – j 100 = ZL

1
Y0 = jbs
Z0

2 1
ZL = -j
3 3
YL = 1.2 + j 0.6
= gL + jbL
1- Y L 1- ( g L + jbL + jbS )
Reflection coeff. with the stub connected G = =
1+ Y L 1+ ( g L + jbL + jbS )

1 - g L - jb
Let bL + bS = b fiG=
1 + g L + jb

(1- g L )2 + b 2
|G|2 =
(1 + g L )2 + b2
Minimizing |G|2 w.r.to b we get
2.16 Electromagnetic Waves

2
∂G [(1 + g L ) 2 + b 2 ]2b -[(1 - g L ) 2 + b 2 ]2b
= =0
∂b ( Dr )2
fib=0
So, for min |G|, bL + bS = 0
bS = – bL = – 0.6
For short circuited line
bS = – cot b l
l l
l= cot–1 (– bS ) = cot–1 (0.6)
2p 2p
l = 0.164 l

2.27 l/2 section has 0.05 dB loss

0.05
fi al = = 5.76 ¥ 10–3 nepers
8.68
Z0 50
Zin = =
al 5.76 ¥ 10-3
= 8680 W
b bl
Q= = and l = l/2
2a 2a l
2p l
fi bl = ◊ =p
l 2
p
Q= = 272.7
2 ¥ 5.76 ¥ 10 -3
2.28 l = 1.25 l = 1.25 ¥ 5 = 6.25 m
0.05
a= = 0.023 nepers/m
8.68
V(l ) = V0 sin b l
Ê 2p 1.25l ˆ
|V(l/2)| = V0 sin Á ◊ = 40 V (given)
Ë l 2 ˜¯
|V0| = 56.57 V
56.57 56.57
|I0| = = = 0.75 A
Z0 75
Z0 75
Zin = = = 521.34 W
al 0.023 ¥ 6.25
2
V0 (56.57) 2
Power loss = = = 6.14 W
Zin 521.34