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TI-3122 Perencanaan Dan Pengendalian Produksi: Keseimbangan Lintasan
TI-3122 Perencanaan Dan Pengendalian Produksi: Keseimbangan Lintasan
TI-3122
Perencanaan dan Pengendalian Produksi
Keseimbangan Lintasan
Hasil Pembelajaran
• Umum
Mahasiswa mampu menerapkan model matematik,
heuristik dan teknik statistik untuk menganalisis dan
merancang suatu sistem perencanaan dan pengendalian
produksi
• Khusus
Memahami konsep keseimbangan lintasan
1
Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
Various Objects
• Part: is composed of a single material and is an individual
part of the product
• Component: ranges from a part to a combination of parts
which are included in the product
• Building block: a composite part of the product which
because of assembly requirements represents a sub-
assembly
• Base component: a (larger) component onto which others
are assembled
• Formless material: e.g. viscose components such as glue,
paint, liquids
• Sub-assembly: one component is assembled with another
component, a base component or building block
• Final assembly: describes the construction of a building
block or the finished product
Assembly Example
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Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
Exploded Assembly
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Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
4
Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
An integrated approach
Fabrication/Assembly Line
5
Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
Fabrication/Assembly Line
• A production/fabrication line builds components on a series
of machines
• An assembly line puts the fabricated parts together at a
series of workstations
• Both are repetitive processes and in both cases, the line
must be balanced
• Fabrication lines tend to be machine-paced and require
mechanical and engineering changes to facilitate balancing
• Assembly lines tend to be paced by work tasks assigned to
individuals or workstations
• Assembly lines therefore can be balanced by moving task
form one individual or workstation to another. In this
manner, the amount of time required by each individual or
workstation is equalized
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Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
Definitions(1)
• Assembled product: the product that passes through a
sequence of workstations where tasks are performed on the
product until it is completed at the final workstation. The
throughput of the assembly line is measured by the number
of assembled products per unit time
• Work element: a part of the total work content in an
assembly process.
• N: The total number of work elements required to complete
the assembly
• i: the work element number in the process (1≤i≤ N)
• Workstation (WS): a location on the assembly line where a
work element or elements are performed on the product.
• K denotes the minimum number of workstations, K≥1
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Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
Definitions(2)
• Cycle time (CT): the time between the
completion of 2 successive assemblies, assumed
constant for all assemblies for a given conveyor
speed. Conveyors are the key material movers in
most assembly lines: belt, chain, overhead,
pneumatic, and screw conveyors
T T= production time available per day
CT =
d d= demand per day or production per day
• Station time (ST): the sum of the times of work
elements that are performed at the same
workstation. ST≤CT
• Delay/idle time of a workstation: the difference
between the cycle time (CT) and the station time
(ST). D=CT-ST
TI3122-Perencanaan dan Pengendalian Produksi - Minggu 7 15
Definitions(3)
• The number of work statations
m
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Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
Definitions(4)
• Perfect balance means to combine the elements of work to
be done in such a manner that at each station the sum of
the elemental times just equals the cycle time (D=CT-
ST=0)
Definitions(5)
• SI is expressed as K
SI = ∑(ST
i=1
max−STi )2
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Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
Contoh 1
• Diketahui precedence diagram berikut:
3 4 2 6
2 3 7 8
5 5 1 7
1 6 9 12
3 6 4 4
4 5 10 11
Kilbridge-Weston Heuristic(1)
1. Gambarkan precedence diagram. Bagi elemen-
elemen kerja dalam diagram tersebut ke dalam
kolom-kolom. Kolom I adalah elemen-elemen
kerja yang tidak memiliki elemen kerja
pendahulu (predecessor). Kolom II adalah
elemen-elemen kerja dengan elemen kerja
pendahulu di Kolom I. Kolom III adalah elemen-
elemen kerja dengan elemen kerja pendahulu di
Kolom II, dan seterusnya.
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Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
Kilbridge-Weston Heuristic(2)
3 4 2 6
2 3 7 8
5 5 1 7
1 6 9 12
3 6 4 4
4 5 10 11
I II III IV V VI VII
Kilbridge-Weston Heuristic(3)
2. Tentukan waktu siklus (CT) dari bilangan prima waktu
total elemen kerja ∑ t , dan tentukan jumlah stasiun kerja
m
i
i =1
∑t m
∑t = 50
i
K = i =1 i
CT i =1
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Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
Kilbridge-Weston Heuristic(4)
3. Tempatkan elemen-elemen kerja ke stasiun
kerja sedemikian sehingga total waktu elemen
kerja tidak melebihi waktu siklus. Hapus elemen
kerja yang sudah ditempatkan dari daftar
elemen kerja
4. Bila penempatan suatu elemen kerja
mengakibatkan total waktu elemen kerja
melebihi waktu siklus maka elemen kerja
tersebut ditempatkan di stasiun kerja berikutnya
5. Ulangi Langkah 3 dan 4 sampai seluruh elemen
kerja ditempatkan
Kilbridge-Weston Heuristic(5)
12
Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
Kilbridge-Weston Heuristic(6)
Kilbridge-Weston Heuristic(7)
13
Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
Kilbridge-Weston Heuristic(8)
Metoda Helgeson-Birnie(1)
• Metoda ini disebut juga Teknik Bobot Posisi.
• Gambarkan precedence diagram.
1. Hitung bobot posisi setiap elemen kerja. Bobot posisi
suatu elemen adalah jumlah waktu elemen-elemen
pada rantai terpanjang mulai elemen tersebut sampai
elemen terakhir
2. Urut elemen-elemen menurut bobot posisi dari besar ke
kecil
3. Tempatkan elemen kerja dengan bobot terbesar pada
stasiun kerja sepanjang tidak melanggar hubungan
precedence dan waktu stasiun tidak melebihi waktu
siklus
4. Ulangi Langkah 3 sampai seluruh elemen ditempatkan
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Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
Metoda Helgeson-Birnie(2)
• Contoh: perhitungan bobot Elemen 6 adalah:
Metoda Helgeson-Birnie(3)
• Hasil pengurutan menurut bobot posisi dari besar
ke kecil
15
Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
Metoda Helgeson-Birnie(4)
Mathematical model(1)
16
Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
Mathematical model(2)
Mathematical model(3)
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Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
Mathematical model(4)
Mathematical model(5)
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Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
Mathematical model(6)
Mathematical model(7)
19
Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
Mathematical model(8)
Mathematical model(9)
20
Departemen Teknik Industri FTI-ITB
Mathematical model(10)
Mathematical model(11)
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