Professional Documents
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AC Processes 2014
AC Processes 2014
AC Processes 2014
Humidification
Humidity Control
Dehumidification
Approaches to Temperature Control
• Temperature control in an air conditioning system is
achieved by passing the air through the cooling or
heating coil.
Approaches to Humidity Control
• Humidity control in a conditioned space is done by
controlling the amount of water vapor present in the air
in the space.
PSYCHROMETRICS
Psychometrics is the science of studying the thermodynamic
properties of moist air.
• When the air is hot, it can contain a large amount of
moisture vapor.
• When it is cold, its capacity to hold the moisture is
reduced.
• When the temperature of warm air begins to fall, the
vapor also cools and, if cooling continues, it will
condense into tiny moisture droplets.
Definitions of Air
Atmospheric air- contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon
dioxide, water vapor, other gases, and miscellaneous
contaminants such as dust, pollen, and smoke. This is the
air we breathe and use for ventilation.
Dry air- exists when all of the contaminants and water
vapor have been removed from atmospheric air. By
volume, dry air contains about 78 % nitrogen, 21 %
oxygen, and 1 % other gases.
Moist air- is a mixture of dry air and water vapor.
Psychometric Chart
The Psychometric Chart provides a graphic relationship of
the state or condition of the air at any particular time.
It displays the properties of air:
• Dry bulb temperature, tdb oC.
• Wet bulb temperature, twb oC.
• Dew point temperature, tdp oC.
• Relative humidity, RH %.
• Humidity ratio, g/kgda.
• Specific enthalpy, kJ/kg.
• Specific volume, v m3/kg.
Humidity Ratio,
mv PvVv RaT Ra Pv M v Pv 18.01 Pv
ma RvT PaVa Rv Pa M a Pa 28.966 Pa
Pv Pv
0.622 0.622 ( g / kg da )
Pa Pt Pv
Relative Humidity,
mv PvV RT Pv
ms RT PsV Ps
Enthalpy of Moist Air
h ha hv Where, ha C Pa t
and, hV h @ Tsat
Air Conditioning Processes
1- Sensible Heating
Q m a (h2 h1 )
1 2
2- Sensible Cooling
Q m a (h2 h1 )
1 2
3- Cooling and Dehumidification
Qm
a (h1 h2 )
h1 h2 1 2
coil
h1 hS 1 S
By pass factor
h2 hS 2 S
BF , or BF 1 coil
h1 hS 1 S
Sensible heat, Qs
QS m a (ha h2 )
Latent heat, QL
QL m a (h1 ha )
Condensate, mv
a (1 2 )
w m
m
QL m a (1 2 )h fg
w h fg m
4- Air washer
Water injection
Water injection at same temperature, 12a
Water injection at lower temperature, 12c
Water injection at higher temperature, 12b
mw
2 1 and, h2 h1 ma ( 2 1 )h fg
ma
Adiabatic mixing process