BJP-ruled states got the lion's share under the Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana.

Chhattisgarh, Gujarat,

Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan were allocated Rs 10 crore each in 2014 -

15.

In 2015-16, Chhattisgarh received Rs 13.84 crore,

Chhattisgarh CM presents budget of Rs

83,179 crore for 2018-19
PTI | Feb 10, 2018, 19:02 IST

RAIPUR: Chhattisgarh chief minister Raman Singh on Saturday presented an annual budget of Rs 83,179 crore
for the fiscal 2018-19, when the state is slated to go for polls, giving major thrust to the agriculture sector.
"
The Budget focuses on welfare of farmers, development of agricultural sector, prosperity of labourers and the
poor, female empowerment, welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, rural development,
infrastructure and good governance," Singh, who also holds the Finance portfolio, said in his budget speech.

A major provision of Rs 13,480 crores had been made for the agriculture sector, which is higher by 29 per cent
when compared to the previous year, he said.

Six new agricultural colleges would be set up at Jashpur, Korba, Chhuikhadan, Kurud, Gariaband and
Mahasamund, Singh announced.

To encourage agricultural graduates to become entrepreneurs, a new scheme called "Chalo Gaun Ki Or" will be
implemented for which a provision of Rs 1 crore had been made, he said.

Senior citizens and journalists would get benefit of an additional health insurance cover of Rs 30,000 (over the
existing Rs 50,000) under the Mukhyamantri Swasthya Bima Yojana, he said.

Facility of free tests related to radiology and pathology would be provided in all district hospitals
and community health centres (CHCs) for which a provision of Rs 30 crore had been made, he said.

Cashless system for treatment of labourers by empanelled hospitals would also be introduced, he said.

Additional encouragement grant provided by the state government to 'mitanins' (health workers) would be
enhanced to 75 per cent from the current mark of 50 per cent. This is in addition to the encouragement grant
provided by the National Health Mission and it will benefit as many as 70,000 'mitanins' as their monthly
payment will now rise to Rs 1000 from Rs 400, he informed.
He said that the monthly honorarium of Anganwadi workers and 'sahayikas' (assistants) will be increased from
Rs 4,000 to Rs 5,000 and from Rs 2000 to Rs 2, 500 per month respectively. He added that mini angwanwadi
workers would get an honorarium of Rs 2,750 from the existing Rs 2,250, which will benefit about 1 lakh
anganwadi workers and assistants.

The honorarium of 'kotwar' (village level revenue personnel) would be increased by 50 per cent while annual
service payment of 'village patels' would be doubled from Rs 1000 to Rs 2000, he said.

The Chhattisgarh CM said that in view of the positive results of the 'Suchita Yojna' scheme, under which
sanitary napkins were provided (in government schools through vending machines) to encourage personal
hygiene among girls, its coverage would be expanded. The expansion would bring more colleges and schools in
its ambit benefitting around 10 lakh girl students, he added.

Sixty new mini stadiums would be set up and a provision of Rs 30 crore had been made, he announced, adding
that a sports academy in Surguja and an athletics academy in Raipur would also be built.

Nine new industrial areas would also be set up, Singh said.

To control human-elephants conflict and prevent loss of lives and property, 28 mobile elephant squads will be
constituted for which a provision of Rs 5.20 crore had been made, he said.
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For taking swift action in cases related to crime against women, Women Crime Investigation Cells would be set
up in six districts.

The police would also constitute a special cell to tackle matters related to chit funds, Singh said.

The gross fiscal deficit has been estimated at Rs 9,997 crore, which is 2.96 per cent of the Gross State Domestic
Product (GSDP, and was within the prescribed limit laid down by the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget
Management Act, he said.

There was no new tax proposal in the budget, he added.

रायपुर।रमन सरकार ने इस बजट के जररए चु नाव में अपने ववजन को साफ कर विया है । कहा जा रहा है वक बजट पू री तरह लोकलुभावन है और इसमें हर वर्ग की
चचाग की र्ई है । खासतौर पर नक्सली इलाकोों में ववकास की बात की र्ई है । इस बजट में सरकार वकसानोों पर ज्यािा मेहरबान होती विख रही है । इस बजट की
खास बात ये है वक इसमें सरकार ने मानिे य बढ़ाने पर ज्यािा फोकस वकया है । dainikbhaskar.com आपको इस बजट के 20 बड़े प्वाइों ट्स से रुबरु करा रहा
है । जानिए वो 20 बड़े प्वाइं ट्स...
कुल बजट : 83 हजार 179 करोड़ (अिु मानित)
1-इस बजट में वर्ग 2018-19 में कृवर् के वलए 13 हजार 480 करोड़ का प्रावधान रखा र्या है । ये र्त वर्ग से 29 प्रवतशत अवधक है । कृवर् ववभार् के बजट हे तु र्त
वर्ग से 95 फीसिी की बढ़ोत्तरी करते हुए 4 हजार 452 करोड़ का प्रावधान वकया र्या है वजसमें वकसानोों को धान बोनस िे ने के वलए 2 हजार 107 करोड़ का
प्रावधान वकया र्या है ।
2- जशपु र, छु ई खदाि, कोरबा, कुरुद, गररयाबंद और महासमुं द में 6 िए एग्रीकल्चर कॉलेज खोलिे का प्रावधाि है । इसके अलावा कृनि स्नातकों को
पे शेवर कृनि उद्यमी बिािे के नलए यू निवनसिटी के जररए चलो गांव की ओर योजिा संचानलत की जाएगी। इसके नलए 1 करोड़ का प्रावधाि नकया गया है ।
3- 25 नए और्धालय की स्थापना का प्रावधान है । 20 और्धालयोों के पशु वचवकत्सालयोों में उन्नयन का प्रावधान है । 10 नए पशु और्धालय भवनोों के वनमार्ग के वलए
1 करोड़ 32 लाख का प्रावधान वकया र्या है ।
4- शासकीय अस्पतालोों में इलाज की सुववधा को बढ़ाने के वलए राज्य के वजला अस्पतालोों और सामुिावयक स्वास्थ्य केंद्ोों में पै थॉलाजी और रे वियोलॉजी सोंबोंधी जाों च
सुववधाएों वन:शुल्क होोंर्ी। इसके वलए बजट में 30 करोड़ का प्रावधान वकया र्या है ।
5 - वमतावननोों की िे य रावश में 25 प्रवतशत की और वृ द्धि करते हुए कुल 75 प्रवतशत अवतररक्त प्रोत्साहन रावश िे ने का वनर्ग य वलया र्या है । इसमें 70 हजार
वमतावननोों की मावसक आय में 400-1000 रुपए तक की बढ़ोत्तरी हो जाएर्ी।
आों र्नबाड़ी कायग कताग ओों की मानिे य रावश 4 हजार से बढ़ाकर 5 हजार कर िी र्ई है । सहावयकाओों की मानिे य रावश 2 हजार से बढ़ाकर 2500, वमनी आों र्नबाड़ी
कायग कताग की मानिे य रावश 2500 ये बढ़ाकर 2750 करने का वनर्ग य वलया र्या है । इससे 1 लाख से अवधक आों र्नबाड़ी कायगकताग और सहावयकाओों को लाभ
वमले र्ा। आों र्नबाड़ी कायग कताग ओों व सहावयकाओों की सेवा पूरी होने पर शासन द्वारा कायग कताग ओों को 50 हजार और सहावयकाओों को 25 हजार की एकमुश्त रावश
िी जाएर्ी।
6- आम आिमी बीमा योजना और अटल खेतीहर बीमा योजना में बीवमत सिस्ोों में से 18-50 वर्ग आयु के पात्र वहतग्रावहयोों को प्रधानमोंत्री जीवन ज्योवत बीमा योजना
एवों प्रधानमोंत्री सुरक्षा बीमा योजना में समावहत वकया जाना प्रस्ताववत है । इसमें सामान्य पररद्धस्थवतयोों में मौत पर 30 हजार के स्थान पर 2 लाख का बीमा कवर व
एक्सीिें ट में मौत या स्थाई अपों र्ता की द्धस्थवत में 75 हजार की जर्ह पर 4 लाख रुपए का बढ़ा हुआ बीमा कवर वमले र्ा। 10 लाख पररवारोों को 1 मई 2018 से इस
बीमा कवर का लाभ विया जाएर्ा।
7- इस बजट में मुख्यमोंत्री पें शन योजना तै यार कर सामावजक आवथग क सवेक्षर् 2011 में पाए र्ए अवत वों वचत अवतररक्त 3 लाख वृ द्वजनोों, ववधवा, पररत्यक्ताओों को
पें शन िे ने की शुरुआत की जाएर्ी।
8- राज्य में वचुगअल एजु केशन पररयोजना के तहत कक्षा 8 से 12 तक के स्टू िें ट्स को ई-एजु केशन िे ने के वलए ई-ववद्या सॉफ्टवे यर और शैक्षवर्क सामग्री तै यार
करने का कायग वकया जाएर्ा। इस हे तु 5 करोड़ 47 लाख का प्रावधान वकया र्य है ।
9- इस बजट में सरकार िे लघु विोपज पर बोिस दे िे का निर्िय नलया है । इसमें साल बीज, हराि, ईमली, महुआ बीज, कोसमी लाख, नचर ंजी गु ठली पर
अलग-अलग बोिस दे िे का निर्ि य नलया है । इससे विोपज से जु ड़े 14 लाख पररवारों को लाभ नमलेगा।
10- अन्य वपछड़ा वर्ग के ववद्यावथग योों के पोस्ट मैवटि क छात्रवृ वत्त की वावर्ग क िर को 1100 से बढ़ाकर 2500 कर विया र्या है । इसके वलए 12 करोड़ का प्रावधान
वकया र्या है । इससे 2 लाख 50 हजार स्टू िें ट्स को लाभ वमले र्ा। 11वीों और 12वीों के छात्रोों के बौद्धिक ववकास हे तु हमर छत्तीसर्ढ़ योजना में शावमल करते हुए
एजु केशनल टू र का लाभ विया जाएर्ा।
11-बजट में सीतापुर, अं बागढ़ च की, िरहरपुर, बकावंड, िारायर्पु र, भैरमगढ़, और कोंटा के नलए 7 िए आईटीआई भविों का निमािर् के नलए 4
करोड़ 92 लाख का प्रावधाि नकया गया है । बजट में 30 िए कॉलेज खोलिे का प्रावधाि शानमल नकया गया है ।
12-खेलोों में बच्ोों और यु वाओों को प्रोत्सावहत करने के वलए 60 वमनी स्टे वियम के वनमाग र् के वलए 30 करोड़ के बजट का प्रावधान वकया र्या है । सरर्ुजा में खेल
अकािमी और रायपुर में एथले वटक्स अकािमी की स्थापना के वलए जरूरी प्रावधान भी वकए र्ए हैं ।
13- पयग टन की र्वतवववधयोों को बढ़ाने के वलए िोोंर्रर्ढ़ में ररसॉटग के वनमाग र् के वलए 20 लाख, कुरुिर्ढ़ में रोप-वे के वलए 2 करोड़ और िामाखेड़ा के अधोसोंरचना
के ववकास के वलए 50 लाख का प्रावधान वकया र्या है ।
14- प्रधानमोंत्री आवास योजना के तहत 2 हजार 354 करोड़ का प्रावधान वकया र्या है । इसके बेहतर वियान्वयन के वलए ग्रामीर् हाउवसोंर् कॉरपोरे शन का र्ठन
वकया जाएर्ा। 3 हजार 427 करोड़ की अवतररक्त रावश की व्यवस्था की र्ई है । बस्तर सोंभार् के चार वजलोों बीजापुर, नारायर्पु र, सुकमा और िों तेवाड़ा में िो कमरे
वाले कच्े वहतग्रावहयोों के वलए आवास का लाभ िे ने के वलए वनर्ग य वलया र्या है ।
15- ग्राम पोंचायत स्तर पर कायग रत रोजर्ार सहायकोों के मनिे य में बढ़ोत्तरी की जाएर्ी। 5 वर्ग या इससे अवधक अववध वाले रोजर्ार सहायकोों को 4 हजार 650 के
स्थान पर 6 हजार प्रवत माह और 5 वर्ग से कम अववध वालोों के वलए 5 हजार प्रवत माह बढ़ा हुआ मानिे य विया जाएर्ा। इससे 8 हजार 656 रोजर्ार सहायक
लाभाद्धन्वत होोंर्े।
16- इस बजट में 9 औद्योवर्क क्षे त्रोों की स्थापना के वलए 30 करोड़ रुपए का प्रावधान वकया र्या है ।
17-कोटवारोों के प्रिाय मानिे य को िे ढ़ र्ुना करने और पटे लोों को िी जाने वाली मानिे य रावश को 1 हजार से बढ़ाकर 2 हजार करने का वनर्गय वलया र्या है । इसके
वलए 19 करोड़ का अवतररक्त प्रावधान बजट में वकया र्या है ।
18- राज्य में अनत िक्सल प्रभानवत 8 नजलों के अधोसंरचिा नवकास के नलए 230 करोड़ का प्रावधाि नकया गया है ।
19- र्ैर कानूनी वचटफोंि एव ववत्तीय कोंपवनयोों के वनयों त्रर् के वलए पु वलस ववभार् के अधीन एक प्रकोष्ठ का र्ठन वकया जाएर्ा।
20- जगदलपुर में अमर शहीद गुंडाधुर की स्मृ नत में एक स्मारक और एक संग्रहालय के निमािर् के नलए 3 करोड़ का प्रावधाि नकया गया है ।
Baiga Adivasis Alienated by Government Schemes
Since 2000, at least 25 villages home to 726 Baiga families have been evicted from forest reserves and also in
some cases, to make way for mining projects in Chhattisgarh. In February 2013 30 huts of a settlement in
Bhoramdeo Reserve Forest in Kawardha district were levelled to the ground by officials who cited reasons of
protecting the wildlife. No alternative settlement or relocation plans were made for the 60 families. 19 more
villages are reportedly on the hit list. Some officials themselves admit that major highways running through such
protected areas and mining projects in the vicinity cause more damage than a handful of Baigas living there. So it
goes…Twenty years after they were settled in Mauwamaccha village, this Baiga community has never received
the benefits of an anganwadi (child care) centre. When Deena had filmed, there were about 50 children between
the ages zero to six. With access to an anganwadi they would have received nutritional supplements, regular
health check-ups and vaccinations as well as a primary education. Government data shows that at an all India
level 56.1% Scheduled Tribe children had never received nutritional supplements available at such centres;
68.2% had never had a health check ups. In the same survey, women cited problems such as distance to health
care centres and the unavailability of doctors and medicines as major factors that deterred them from seeking
government or private health care.

Access to electricity remains another major problem for Scheduled Tribes across India with only 51% using it as
a main source to light up their houses. Chhattisgarh fares better than neighbouring states of Odisha and Madhya
Pradesh with about 56.8% of the ST population being able to depend on electricity. There are still about 40.1% of
the ST population, women like Kotwarin Baiga, who have to depend on kerosene or other sources to light up their
homes at night. Kotwarin is one of 22 people living in Kawardha District’s Sajankhar village. “I light candles in the
evening and cajole my children to study,” she says.

The literacy rate for Scheduled Tribes in Chhattisgarh is 59.1% compared to an overall 70.3% for the whole
state’s population. Villages like Sajankhar epitomise this situation. Having known the nature of her work, the
community specifically reached out to Deena for help to get a school started in the village. After taking the matter
to the Block Education Officer and following up regularly, a small thatched-roof school welcomed some 10-15
children for the first time in July 2013.
WED, 09 NOV 2016

9 nov 2016
Comprehensive policy prepared to unify tribals with the people of the
country
After coming to power in 2014, the Modi government seems to be occupied in
implementing policies that are detrimental to the poor, farmers and the adivasi-
community (indigenous, tribals). The policy is to grab land and forests and to lease
it out to corporate. At times, the NDA toiled hard to pass such bills by which the
poor and the unpriviledged can be deprived off their land rights. The central
government tried to pass Land Acquisition Bill first but due to strong protests by
the Congress, it was compelled to withdraw the bill. After the failed attempt to
acquire land of farmers, the Modi government took another course of action. It
tried to pass Forest Bill, 2016 by which 25 crore forest-dwellers would be directly
affected. A new provision has been incorporated in the bill which mentions that in
place of mandatory twothird forest area, only one-third forest area will be kept
reserved in hilly areas and thus forest rights of adivasis will be curtailed.

Such steps have already been taken in some of BJP-ruled states. It clearly indicates
BJP’s anti forest dwellers character. The Chhattisgarh government has repealed the
Community Forests Rights Act in 2016 and by snatching the community land of an
adivasi- village, it handed over the land to an industrial house. In the same manner,
a proposal of Gram Sabha was disregarded and its land measuring 1400 hectares
was handed over to another industrialist. If the Congress does not protest against
the policies adopted by the BJP government, the poor forestdwellers and adivasis
will be uprooted from their native places.

The Congress Party has been trying to bring tribals (adivasis) into the mainstream
since the era of national movements. The Congress governments worked diligently
to safeguard the rights of forest-dwellers, tribals and the indigenous. Today, BJP is
trying to deprive the tribal people from their rights and the Congress Party is acting
like a shield for them. In this context, it is essential to understand the Congress
Party’s persistent endeavours to bring the tribals into the mainstream
comprehensively.

The amalgamation of tribals was indeed a difficult task since they belonged to
different parts of the country and at the same time, their language, culture and
customs were also different from one-another. Their social and economic
conditions were also different. Their economic activities co-insisted of hunting,
forest produce collection and jhum (slash and burning) cultivation. There are more
than 400 tribes in India. During the British rule, these communities dwelling
mostly in forests and on hills were largely isolated.

Their traditions, culture and lifestyle were entirely different from their non-tribal
neighbours. Except Northeast, between both these neighbours, social, economic,
political and cultural exchanges had been taking place since time immemorial.

problems for them but at the same time their isolation was being diminished and
they were being made a part of administration of the British as well as of local
estates. Moneylenders,traders, middlemen and low-ranked government officials
began to grab tribal-land. These people put an end to their traditional lifestyle.
They became victims of loans and thus lost their land to outsiders.

As a result, they became landless labourers, share-croppers and tenants. Several

tribal-communities were compelled to limit themselves on hills. Colonialism also
changed their relationship with forests. They were dependent on forests for their
food, fodder, fuel and raw materials. Farmers from the plains needed more land for
farming. Their hunger for more
land destroyed forests. In this way, the means of livelihood of tribals were lost. The
British administration kept large parts of forests as reserved area so that they can
exploit it commercially. Jhum-cultivation was stopped to a large extent and
collection and use of forest-produce were prohibited.

Loss of land, burden of loan, ban on collection of forestproduce and exploitation

by middlemen, police and forestofficials caused many tribal uprisings during 19th
and 20th centuries. As a consequence, tribals began to participate in farmer and
national movements.

After independence, the PM of India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and the Congress
Party were of the opinion that a comprehensive policy should be prepared to unify
tribals with the people belonging to rest of the country without causing any harm to
their social and cultural heritage. Pandit Nehru himself has written, “The first
problem in tribal areas is to instil confidence and realisation into them about their
unification with Indian people. Have to make them feel that they are an integral
part of India and they owe honour here. For them, India should not only a country
which provides security but a power also for their liberation.” Nehruji realised that
Indian nationalism had the required capacity for providing a distinguished place to
tribal-communities.

Now the question was What sort of approach should be outlined in order to provide
them proper respect in Indian society and politics. There were mainly two kinds of
viewpoints. The first was they should be left as and where they led their lives so
that they might not be affected by the ills of the outside world. The other opinion
illustrated that they should be inter-mingled in Indian society as quickly as
possible. There should not be any repentance at the disappearance of tribal culture.
On the other hand, it should be welcomed as it will certainly be a symbol of their
overall development.

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru rejected both these viewpoints. He was determined to

make them an integral part of India without destroying their indigenous culture. All
the top leaders of the Congress Party were agreed to the Nehruvian outlook. It
consisted of two ideas the tribal areas should be developed and this development
should not merely be based
on an imitation of the model for rest of India. They should themselves adopt the
good things slowly and steadily. Apart from this, the much needed changes should
be determined by the tribal-communities themselves.

Blending of these two contradictory approaches was a challenge as without doing

any harm to their fundamental values of life, they had to be made an integral part
of social, economic and political system of our country. Nehruji firmly believed in
overall development of tribal-communities. Communication, modern medical
facilities, farming and education sectors were among his priorities. In this context,
he laid down some directives for government policies.

Under the leadership of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and the top leaders, the Congress
government adopted some specific policies for the development of tribal-
communities. The first was to let them pursue development according to their
wisdom and consciousness. External pressure or force should not be applied. The
non-tribal people should not approach them thinking that they were superior to
them. They should ensure that tribals must contribute for the rise of social and
political life of our country. The second directive was to honour tribal-rights on
land and forests and their land should be safeguarded against grabbing by
outsiders. The third was to encourage languages of tribalcommunities. Those
circumstances should also be protected which were necessary for their proper
development.

The fifth directive was that tribals should be less administered and they should be
governed by social, cultural and community based institutions as far as possible.
Under the leadership of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, all these policyinitiatives were
based on principles which had been adopted by national movement since 1920 as
an approach towards tribals. By this time, Gandhiji started establishing Ashrams in
tribal areas and encouraged tribals to do constructive works. Going by the
Nehruvian model, the state governments took several steps one after another to
ensure development of tribals along with safeguarding their social, cultural and
political autonomy.

Under the leadership of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the Congress government added
a provision in the constitution. Under article 46, the state governments were
directed that there must be some special provisions to encourage economic and
educational development of tribal-communities and to protect them from
exploitations of every kind and social injustice. Governors were specially
empowered to protect tribal-interests and if necessary to amend central and state
laws according
to local requirements. They were also empowered to lay down directives to protect
the rights of tribals and to safeguard them against the exploitations of
moneylenders, middlemen and outsiders. Keeping this aim in mind, procedural
amendments were made for the implementations of fundamental rights.

During the making of our constitution, the Congress Party provided equal rights to
every citizen of India. Additionally, provisions were made for the reservations of
seats in legislature and in administrative services for schedule tribes in line with
that of schedule castes. For the welfare of tribals, the provision for a Tribal
Advisory Council in every state was also made. The President of India appointed a
commissioner for SCs and STs so that a close eye can be kept whether laws meant
for their protection were being violated?

The state governments ensured legal and administrative initiatives so that their
land-transfers to outsiders be stopped and their exploitations by money-lenders
come to an end. The central as well as state governments formulated special
programmes for the development of tribal areas. Efforts were made to generate
employment opportunities through rural and cottage industries. Large funds were
allocated for these programmes and especially after 1971; there has been a
continuous increase in allocated funds meant for the welfare schemes of tribal
areas.

Overall, it can be said that after 1947, through the directives of the central
governments, many positive outcomes have taken place in tribal areas. These
directives included statutory provisions, Panchayati Raj system, rise in literacy,
schemes of ST welfare departments, reservations in government jobs and The
fourth directive was related with the idea that the responsibility of administration
should be given to tribalcommunities.

The administrators should be selected among them and they should be trained.
Less and less outsiders should be sent as administrators as far as possible and if
necessary they should be selected with great caution. Their approach should be
prudent and sympathetic. They should not consider themselves as different or
superior. They should try to mingle with tribals for which they were working.

in higher educational institutions etc. Elections also played an important role.

Tribals were awakened, their confidence was fortified and their political
engagements increased. They kept on demanding more and more active
participation
in political system. They continued to get more and more representations in various
political structures and at the same time kept on demanding more and more share
in national economic development.

But in the context of tribal-communities, the situation of the north-eastern states

was somewhat distinct and hence challenging. These people belonging to more
than 100 communities mostly resided on hills. Though their situation was not
entirely different from tribalcommunities belonging to rest of India, but one thing
was very clear they were majority in these states. Nontribals didn’t hold high
positions but a sort of economic relationship was in the process of making between
tribals
and non-tribals.

In the latter part of 19th century, these states came under the British rule. These
areas were parts of Assam but they got distinct administrative status. Their social
and economic structures were not disturbed and there was a ban on outsiders
belonging to plains to settle here. The British government allowed and encouraged
Missionaries to work in these areas. These missionaries while establishing schools,
hospitals and churches also did religious conversions. In the process, a large
number
of youths came to know the modern world and developed modern outlook.
Missionaries maintained continuous cooperation with the British government and
tried hard to keep these areas out of influence of the national movement. They
encouraged maintaining a safe distance from the people belonging to rest of India.
When India got freedom, some of these missionaries and some foreigners
conspired to blow separatist emotions into flames in north-east India.

The third important thing was almost no direct impact of political and cultural life
of the rest of India upon tribalcommunities
of the north-eastern states. The struggle against imperialism was the most
important factor for the making India as a nation. But even this struggle had little
impact on north-eastern states. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was a great visionary. He
knew very well that the interaction of the people of north-eastern states was limited
to only the British officials and missionaries who kept on pursuing tribals to go
against India. On account of this, tribals never needed to be closely associated with
India or its freedom struggle and other movements. In these circumstances, the
unification of these states with the newly-constituted nation was very challenging.
The policy adopted by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and the Congress government
towards these tribalcommunities was more relevant in the context of north-east
India. In October 1952, Pandit Nehru observed, “The whole north-eastern region
demands our attention. It needs the attention not only of the government but of all
the people of India also. Our close ties with them would benefit both. It would
strengthen power, diversity and cultural richness of India.”

The policy of Pandit Nehru and the Congress party was reflected in the sixth
schedule of the constitution which is applicable only to the tribal areas of Assam.
District and regional councils were constituted and it provided selfgovernance to a
large extent to tribal-communities. In some matters relaxations were provided to
these councils from the provisions of the constitution and Assam legislature. The
aim of the sixth schedule was to enable tribal-communities to lead their lives as
they wish. Besides, the Indian government was ready to amend the provisions if
tribal-communities needed more autonomy. But Pandit Nehru emphatically
clarified that the government will not accept the sedition or making of an
independent state under any circumstances and will not tolerate any such demand.

Since independence, the aim of the subsequent Congress governments in the

context of tribal-administration was to give them more power. Arrangements were
made to ensure that the tribals would not be displaced from their land. Due to an
increase in population, other means of livelihood had to be developed. The
Congress governments followed the policy laid down under Nehruvian model. The
Congress governments invested heavily in northeastern states; for the overall
development and for creating employment opportunities.

Pandit Nehru implemented his north-east policy first in North East Frontier
Agency (NEFA). The frontier part of Assam was made a union-territory in 1948
and was kept under a special administration. The administration was handed over
to a specially-trained cadre having expertise in implementing developmental
schemes without making any disturbance in the social and cultural life of the
common people.

The policies adopted by Pandit Nehru and the Congress government succeeded so
much in NEFA that a British scholar of indigenous communities wrote in 1967, “A
progressive administration with sympathetic and visionary policies succeeded in
creating such a healthy environment which is unparalleled in India.” In 1987,
NEFA was made a separate state and was named Arunachal Pradesh. It was a
contribution of the Congress Party. On one hand, NEFA was progressing in line
with India, some problems crept in the tribal areas of Assam where people living
on hills had no affinity the Bengalis or the people living in rest of Assam. The top
leadership understood this intricate but practical thing. Finally in 1969, through a
constitutional amendment, “a state within a state” was constituted and was named
Meghalaya. The new state was given autonomy
in every respect except law and order which remained with Assam.

Assam and Meghalaya had High Court, Public Service Commission and Governor
in common. Later, when northeastern states were being reconstituted in 1972,
Meghalaya was made a separate state which included Garo, Khasi and Jayantia
communities. Manipur and Tripura were also made separate states. In this way, the
process of making Meghalaya,
Manipur, Tripura and Arunachal Pradesh as separate states was completed
smoothly. Some problems surfaced in Mizoram and Nagaland. Violent protests
which were separatist in nature threatened the process but the Congress
government put forward a solution and at last in 1963, Nagaland came into
existence. In the same manner, the government of India
accepted the demand of a separate Mizoram state in 1973. It was granted full-
statehood only in 1987.

The Congress government addressed the separatist movements of Nagaland and

Mizoram very effectively. In accordance with Nehruvian tribal policy, the
subsequent Congress governments proposed many concessions and facilities.
Tribals were given the freedom to follow their traditions, customs and above all
land-laws. The approach of top leaders of the Congress party and the Congress
government was very sympathetic towards the interests of tribal-communities.
Consistent efforts were made by
the Congress party to give them ample representation in Indian democracy. The
Congress party was of the opinion that the poor and the exploited should be
brought into the mainstream of society.

The Congress government initiated several welfare schemes like “Tribal Sub
Plan”, “Tribal Special Plan” meant for tribalcommunities. The central government
allocated special funds for these programmes. The Congress government
established “Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation” in 1987. The
aim was to save tribals from traders and middlemen. The government proposed to
purchase agricultural and forest produce directly from tribal-communities. In 1980,
National Forest Policy and Forest Conservation Act were reviewed. It was found
that tribals are dependent upon forests, so clean drinking water and medical
facilities should be provided in their own vicinity. If tribal-communities would
have to be displaced, proper arrangements should be made for their rehabilitation.
On the whole, it can be said that it is a milestone what the Congress government,
its leaders and the Congress Party have successfully contributed in bringing the
tribal-communities into the mainstream of our society.

Thirty two per cent reservation in the State for tribals has
not been put in place, five tribal seats in the Assembly have
been de-reserved, and land has been acquired in Fifth
Schedule areas using guns — these are just a few of the
complaints against the incumbent Chief Minister of
Chhattisgarh
Nandkumar Sai , former president of the Bharatiya Janata Party in
undivided Madhya Pradesh and a four-time Member of Parliament, has
been in the news recently for questioning Chhattisgarh Chief Minister
Raman Singh’s policies. In an interview with The Hindu, Mr. Sai
raised many such questions about the State leadership and answered a
few.
‘Why should there be a non-tribal Chief Minister in a tribal State,’ you
asked recently…

Chhattisgarh belongs to tribal people. It has 32-35 per cent tribal

population, even though the entire population in Bastar was not
enumerated properly. If it was done, there would have been one crore
tribals [out of a population of 2.5 crore]. It is also a backward State so I
suggested Chhattisgarh’s leadership should also vest with a tribal
person.

If the community does not develop — educationally, socially,

politically — then what is the point of having a State that attends to
tribal interests? Look at Bastar… [Chief Minister Raman Singh] [has]
not been able to protect people and property. Problems can only be
addressed if the [tribal] community is taken into confidence and tribals
can only be taken into confidence if they have a chief [minister] from
their community.

Do you feel upper caste people are ‘taking over’ this State?

I ask, how many tribals have left the State? They were kept in 47 relief
camps [during anti-Maoist Salwa Judum movement] where many of
them died. Significantly, whoever is dying is a tribal. The men in
police, the boys in Salwa Judum, the cadres among naxals – all are
tribals. A system has been devised that whosoever dies (in conflict) is a
tribal. Mineral is the only big resource of this land and the tribals have
no right over those.

And a tribal Chief Minister will solve all the problems?

[In] Surguja, [the] situation was worse than Bastar, it has 11 Assembly
constituencies, Bastar has 12. [I] took the ordinary people into
confidence and cleared the area [of naxals].

What is the Chief Minister doing wrong?

I can tell you of so many instances. Thirty two per cent reservation in
the State [for tribals] has not been put in place, five tribal seats in
Assembly have been de-reserved, and land has been acquired in Fifth
Schedule areas using guns. Several elected bodies like Panchayats,
[city] Panchayats, municipal Corporations which were earlier in
reserved categories have been de-reserved.

Perhaps you are saying all this under instruction from the Chief
Minister himself, so that you and thus BJP get the tribal vote…

I have told this to our senior leaders as well; [to] Advaniji, Rajnath
Singhji. I said, when tribals were dissatisfied with the Congress, [that]
party went out of power. Now, tribals are slowly getting educated and
realising that if they are not engaged at every level then there is
absolutely no point in having a separate State. Our leader Deendayal
Upadhyaya said, “if the State has to move forward it has to ensure
security for the weakest person.” [If not] how do you fight the naxals?
That is precisely why naxals are so close to the tribals.

But your party is believed to predominantly serve the interest of the

business community, the miners. Tribals stay in the same areas where
mineral deposits are located. To access mineral wealth, industries are
routinely displacing tribals. There seems to be a serious conflict of
interest between your party’s policies and the constituency you
represent, the indigenous population?

We do not need business people here. Tribals can mine [themselves].

We do not need banias [the business community] for that. It is wrong to
suggest the BJP serves the business community. Again, I will refer to
Deendayal Upadhyaya, who used to talk about tribal upliftment. This is
also the Sangh Pariwar’s (RSS) thought.

Do you have any support inside the party?

 Who will be stupid enough to say these things without support? People
in New Delhi are also aware of the situation. Policies are wrong.

‘Policies are wrong?’

Take Raman Singh’s policy of food grain distribution. Now even the
Union government is following this policy. [Government] is actually
making people dysfunctional. They will not be able to work at all and
will use the food grain to buy alcohol, which is exactly what they are
doing. How long will you provide them with food grain — 10, 20, 50
years? By that time the generation will disappear by not working. How
are you making them more educated, industrious and self-sufficient by
doing this?

Can you imagine yourself as the Chief Minister of the State?

Party will decide. But woman’s character and man’s destiny could not
be gauged by gods, how could we — the lesser mortals? (laughs)

Suvojit Bagchi

SEPTEMBER 26, 2013 0 1:23 IST

What are the schemes for education adopted by Chhattisgarh?

Answer

Interesting · 7

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9 Answers

Sukhdev Yadgiri, lives in Chhattisgarh, India

Answered Apr 1, 2016

The Tribal Welfare Department had established Prayas, a residential school-cum-coaching institute for boys, in
Raipur in 2010. The department had picked students from Naxal-hit districts, who had passed Class 10 that year.

As many as 249 students of the first batch have passed Class 12 examination and many of them went on to clear
entrances like PET (Pre-Engineering Test) and All India Engineering Entrance Examination (AIEEE) and IIT this
year.

Saraswati Bicycle Plan to give free cycles

To advance instruction among the planned rank/booked tribe young ladies, who are examining in secondary
schools, free bikes are being given. From the session 2007-08 young ladies of the ninth standard having a place
with planned position and of general class beneath neediness line have been sans given bikes to simple
transportation. This has pulled in young lady understudies to schools. This all shows the efforts of Indian
Politician.

Mid Day Meal Plan

Under this arrangement, free cooked nourishment is accommodated up to 200 work days on a normal.
Nourishment for up to 230 work days has been endorsed.

Under this arrangement, 146 improvement pieces having 47175 schools with 4022261 understudies, are profiting
in the state. Early afternoon Meal is readied by women self improvement gathering for 18672 schools under the
control of Grampanchayat. 286 schools are getting sustenance through neighborhood bodies and 182 schools are
getting nourishment through the activities of social work associations. Rest of the schools are getting Mid Day
Meals through advancement advisory groups and individuals' commitment panel.

For the Management, monitoring and valuation of Mid Day Meal centres Rs172.12 lacs expenditure is proposed.
An external agency is reviewing the activity of the Mid Day Meal Plans, and for this purpose a computer operator
has been appointed at the district headquarters.

Mid Day Meal Plan

Under this plan, free cooked food is provided for up to 200 work days on an average. Food for up to 230 work
days has been sanctioned.
Under this plan, 146 development blocks having 47175 schools with 4022261 students, are benefitting in the
state. Mid Day Meal is prepared by ladies self-help group for 18672 schools under the control of
Grampanchayat. Library plan

With a specific end goal to give learning improving books to the understudies of all the secondary schools and
higher center schools of Chhattisgarh, a library plan has been started. On account of the said plan, for the year
2009-10, around 2lac understudies from every one of the schools of Chhattisgarh have profited. In the year 2010-
11 the objective is to give the advantage of this plan to around 2lac 50 thousand understudies. For the said reason,
Rs 5crore 83 lac have been allotted for 2009-10 and for the year 2010-11 Rs 6crore 30lacs have been assigned.

Student Accident Insurance Scheme

Under this plan, from government and supported elementary schools to college level understudies - all are
furnished with mishap protection. This plan gives spread to unplanned passing, full or changeless kind of
incapacity at Rs. 10,000 and for loss of single appendage or hand or halfway inability at Rs. 5000. Rs. 5000 are
accommodated treatment.

Free school uniform plan

For the students of primary school [1-5] of scheduled caste/scheduled tribes and below poverty line are provided
free school uniform.

For the year 2009-10 a total of Rs 9.00 crore has been earmarked, this has provided free school uniform to 5.4
lakh girl students.

Porta Cabins: LWE districts where opening of schools in remote tribal area is difficult, bamboo structures are
developed in roadside areas with a residential facility for 500 students in each Porta Cabin to continue their
education in safe environment. Total 60 such Porta Cabins are functional in LWE districts of Bastar Division.

Mahila Samakhya Scheme: This scheme is implemented with an objective to support women of rural areas,
particularly women from socially and economically marginalized groups to empower & self-reliant.