CANADIAN SHEET STEEL BUILDING INSTITUTE

Lightgauge Steel Cladding

Diaphragm Tables

CSSBI B18-16
 Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

Table of Contents

1 Introduction.............................................................1
2 Diaphragm Design Method......................................2
3 Summary of Design Parameters................................2
3.1 Cladding Profiles and Section Properties............2 Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute
3.2 Fastener Patterns.................................................4 652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A
3.3 Frame Fasteners in the Flats................................4 Cambridge, Ontario, N3H 4V6
Tel.: (519) 650-1285
3.4 Frame Fasteners in the Ribs................................5
Fax: (519) 650-8081
3.5 Side-Lap Stitch Fasteners....................................5 Website: www.cssbi.ca
3.6 Symbols.............................................................6
4 Tables of Diaphragm Design Strength
and Stiffness.............................................................6
Copyright © February 2016
A1............................................................................8
All rights reserved. This publication, nor any part
A2..........................................................................10 thereof, may not be reproduced in any form
A3..........................................................................12 without the written permission of the publisher.
A4..........................................................................14
A5..........................................................................16 B18-2016
ISBN 978-1-895535-97-6
B1..........................................................................18
B2..........................................................................20
B3..........................................................................22
B4..........................................................................24
B5..........................................................................26
5 Diaphragm Strength and Stiffness
Example Calculations.............................................28
Example 1..............................................................28
Example 2..............................................................30
Example 3..............................................................32

Preface

One of the objectives of the Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute is the development of design criteria
that promote safety, performance and good practice. This design guide is intended to assist designers,
manufacturers and erectors of lightgauge steel cladding by providing information on utilizing the inher-
ent in-plane stiffness as a shear diaphragm.

The material presented has been prepared for the general information of the reader. While the material is
believed to be technically correct and in accordance with recognized practice at the time of publication
it does not obviate the need to determine its suitability for a given situation. Neither the Canadian Sheet
Steel Building Institute nor its Members warrant or assume any liability for the suitability of the material
for any general or particular application.

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 1 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

1. Introduction

Wind blowing across a typical gable-roof building produces forces that act directly on the cladding and
structural members, as well as overturning forces for the building as a whole. Discrete wind bracing or
rigid pole-framing are methods for resisting these forces. Another approach is to utilize the in-plane
strength of the steel roof and wall cladding to act as a shear diaphragm to transfer these loads to the
foundation. The basic forces acting on the building are illustrated in the figure below.

1. Wind forces acting on the building

2. Stitch-screws at the roofing side laps transfer the wind shear forces to the ends of the roof
3. Roofing screws and blocking transfer the forces into the gable trusses
4. Endwall cladding transfer the forces from the gable trusses down the endwalls
5. Cladding to foundation shear connection
6. Uplift forces at windward foundation corners
7. Leeward corner forces may be up or down, and are less critical than (6)
8. Roof bending causes compression at the windward edges
9. Tension at the leeward edges of the roof planes

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 2 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

2. Diaphragm Design Method

A design method is available to guide the selection of the sheet steel cladding and fasteners needed to
create a lightweight steel cladding diaphragm. This design method is included in a publication of the
Metal Construction Association titled “A Primer on Diaphragm Design”, First Edition 2004.

The tables presented in this bulletin were developed using the MCA design method. It is important to
note that the cladding profiles shown are only representative of products available in Canada; products
from specific manufacturers may differ. The manufacturer should be contacted for the design values
applicable to their products. The factored shear resistance values provided in the tables incorporate the
LSD resistance factors based on screwed connections and wind loading from Table D5 of CSA-S136-12
North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members.

3. Summary of Design Parameters

3.1 Cladding Profiles and Section Properties

Profile: 7/16” x 6.4” x 32”

Design Thickness Yield Stress Moment of Inertia
(in.) (ksi) (in4/ft)
0.0180 33 0.0072
0.0277 33 0.0095
0.0300 33 0.0119

Profile: 7/16” x 7.2” x 36”

Design Thickness Yield Stress Moment of Inertia
(in.) (ksi) (in4/ft)
0.0120 33 0.0041
0.0150 33 0.0057
0.0180 33 0.0075

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 3 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

Profile: 3/4” x 6” x 36”

Design Thickness Yield Stress Moment of Inertia
(in.) (ksi) (in4/ft)
0.0135 80 0.0152
0.0180 33 0.0227
0.0240 33 0.0302

Profile: 3/4” x 9” x 36”

Design Thickness Yield Stress Moment of Inertia
(in.) (ksi) (in4/ft)
0.0135 80 0.0083
0.0180 33 0.0110
0.0240 33 0.0146

Profile: 1-1/2” x 12” x 36”

Design Thickness Yield Stress Moment of Inertia
(in.) (ksi) (in4/ft)
0.0135 80 0.0455
0.0180 33 0.0673
0.0240 33 0.0938

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 4 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

3.2 Fastener Patterns

There are various locations for the placement of the fasteners connecting the sheet steel cladding to the
supporting structure. Shown in the figure below are the fasteners pattern used for determining the
strength and stiffness design values provided in this bulletin.

3.3 Frame Fasteners in the Flats

Structural fasteners connecting the cladding panel to supports through the flats are #14 Type AB with a
diameter of 0.248 in. Failure of this connection could occur through bearing of the fastener in either
the steel sheet, Qfs, or the wood support, Qfw. The strength of the connection to the wood is based on a
specific gravity of wood at least 0.45 and the fastener penetrating the wood at least seven screw
diameters.

Strength and Flexibility of Frame Fasteners through Flats into Wood

t Steel Wood Sf
Fy
Qfs Qfw
(in.) (ksi) (kips) (kips) (in/kip)
0.0120 33 0.271 0.886 0.0137
0.0135 80 0.492 0.886 0.0129
0.0150 33 0.378 0.886 0.0122
0.0180 33 0.497 0.886 0.0112
0.0240 33 0.765 0.886 0.00968
0.0277 33 0.949 0.886 0.00901
0.0300 33 1.033 0.886 0.00866

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 5 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

3.4 Frame Fasterners in the Ribs

Structural fasteners connecting the cladding panel to supports through the ribs are #14 Type AB with a
diameter of 0.248 in. The strength of this connection is based on research conducted by the Metal
Construction Association. The values in the table below are for wood framing having a specific gravity
at least 0.45 and the fastener penetrating the wood at least seven screw diameters. Fasteners in the ribs
away from the side lap do not contribute to the diaphragm strength due to the cantilever action.

Strength and Flexibility of Frame Fasterns Through Ribs into Wood

t Qf Sf
(in.) (kips) (in/kip)
0.0120 0.263 0.0274
0.0135 0.314 0.0258
0.0150 0.368 0.0244
0.0180 0.483 0.0224
0.0240 0.744 0.0194
0.0277 0.923 0.0180
0.0300 1.005 0.0173

3.5 Side-Lap Stitch Fasteners

Fasteners connecting the cladding panel at the side laps are #12 AB with a diameter of 0.216 in. The
strength and stiffness is based on research and is a function of the cladding sheet thickness and yield
strength.

Strength and Flexibility of Side-Lap Stitch Fasteners

t Fy #12 screws Qs Ss
(in) (ksi) (kips) (in/kip)
0.0120 33 0.195 0.0274
0.0135 80 0.233 0.0258
0.0150 33 0.273 0.0244
0.0180 33 0.358 0.0224
0.0240 33 0.552 0.0194
0.0277 33 0.684 0.0180
0.0300 33 0.745 0.0173

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 6 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

3.6 Symbols

The following is a list of some of the symbols used in this bulletin. For a complete list refer to the MCA
manual.

Qw = Strength of frame fastener based on failure in the wood purlin (kips)

Qf = Strength of frame fastener based on failure in the steel cladding (kips)
Qfs = Strength of frame fastener into wood based on failure in the steel cladding (kips)
Qfw = Strength of frame fastener into wood based on failure in the wood purlin (kips)
Qs = Strength of stitch fastener based on failure in the steel cladding (kips)
Sf = Structural fastener flexibility (in/kip)
Ss = Seam fastener flexibility (in/kip)
G = Specific gravity of wood
d12 = Diameter of a #12 screw (in)
` d14 = Diameter of a #14 screw (in)
Ix = Moment of inertia of the steel cladding about its major axis (in4/ft)
Fy = Yield stress of steel (ksi)
L = Length of steel cladding sheets (ft)
Lv = Span of steel cladding; purlin spacing (ft)
t = Design thickness of steel (in)

4. Tables of Diaphragm Design Strength and Stiffness

Profile: 7/16” x 6.4” x 32”

Table A-1: Wood purlins, screws through ribs Table B-1: Wood purlins, screws through flats

Profile: 7/16” x 7.2” x 36”

Table A-2: Wood purlins, screws through ribs Table B-2: Wood purlins, screws through flats

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 7 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

Profile: 3/4” x 9” x 36”

Table A-3: Wood purlins, screws through ribs Table B-3: Wood purlins, screws through flats

Profile: 3/4” x 6” x 36”

Table A-4: Wood purlins, screws through ribs Table B-4: Wood purlins, screws through flats

Profile: 1-1/2” x 12” x 36”

Table A-5: Wood purlins, screws through ribs Table B-5: Wood purlins, screws through flats

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 8 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

Table A-1:
7/16” deep x 6.4” pitch x 32” wide panel
Fasteners in ribs with lap up
Wood purlins
No insulation

Structural screws, #14, d14 = 0.248” Stitch screws, #12, d12 = 0.216”
Resistance factor for strength based on connection failure under wind loading = 0.65
Resistance factor for strength based on panel buckling = 0.75

Span, Lv (ft) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

No. of Spans, ns 7 7 7 5 5 4 4 3 3 3
Sheet Length, L, (ft) 10.5 14.0 17.5 15.0 17.5 16.0 18.0 15.0 16.5 18.0
Strength and stiffness values are conservative for longer sheet lengths and/or a greater number of spans.

t = 0.0180 in Factored Shear Resistance (lb/ft) and Shear Stiffness (k/in)

Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.483 kips Qs = 0.358 kips Fy= 33 ksi Ix = 0.0072 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 285 273 260 257 238 b 182 b 144 b 117 b 96 b 81 b
12
Stiffness 15.5 17.3 18.4 15.6 16.4 14.9 15.5 13.4 13.9 14.5
Strength 270 247 230 227 213 182 b 144 b 117 b 96 b 81 b
18
Stiffness 14.7 15.8 16.3 14.2 14.4 13.1 13.8 12.1 12.5 12.8
Strength 256 234 211 204 191 182 b 144 b 117 b 96 b 81 b
24
Stiffness 14.0 15.0 15.1 13.0 13.2 12.3 12.6 11.0 11.3 11.6
Strength 241 211 189 186 166 164 144 b 117 b 96 b 81 b
36
Stiffness 13.2 13.6 13.6 12.1 11.7 10.9 11.2 10.0 9.9 10.2
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

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 9 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

t = 0.0277 in Factored Shear Resistance (lb/ft) and Shear Stiffness (k/in)

Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.923 kips Qs = 0.684 kips Fy= 33 ksi Ix = 0.0095 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 527 505 482 477 405 b 310 b 245 b 198 b 164 b 138 b
12
Stiffness 29.5 30.9 31.0 28.1 28.2 26.7 27.1 24.8 25.0 25.7
Strength 498 458 427 422 397 310 b 245 b 198 b 164 b 138 b
18
Stiffness 27.3 27.1 26.5 24.4 23.8 22.3 22.9 21.3 21.4 21.5
Strength 473 433 392 379 356 310 b 245 b 198 b 164 b 138 b
24
Stiffness 25.5 25.3 23.9 21.7 21.2 20.5 20.4 18.6 18.8 19.0
Strength 443 390 350 345 308 306 245 b 198 b 164 b 138 b
36
Stiffness 23.5 22.2 20.9 19.6 18.1 17.5 17.5 16.5 15.8 16.1
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

t = 0.0300 in Factored Shear Resistance (lb/ft) and Shear Stiffness (k/in)

Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 1.01 kips Qs = 0.745 kips Fy= 33 ksi Ix = 0.0119 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 534 515 493 489 474 390 b 308 b 249 b 206 b 173 b
12
Stiffness 32.7 33.9 33.7 30.8 30.8 29.3 29.6 27.4 27.4 28.1
Strength 505 467 438 434 410 390 b 308 b 249 b 206 b 173 b
18
Stiffness 30.1 29.5 28.6 26.5 25.8 24.2 24.8 23.2 23.3 23.4
Strength 480 442 402 390 368 371 308 b 249 b 206 b 173 b
24
Stiffness 28.0 27.4 25.7 23.5 22.8 22.2 22.0 20.2 20.4 20.5
Strength 449 397 358 355 317 316 307 249 b 206 b 173 b
36
Stiffness 25.7 24.0 22.4 21.2 19.4 18.8 18.8 17.8 17.0 17.3
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 10 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

Table A-2:
7/16” deep x 7.2” pitch x 36” wide panel
Fasteners in ribs with lap up
Wood purlins
No insulation

Structural screws, #14, d14 = 0.248” Stitch screws, #12, d12 = 0.216”
Resistance factor for strength based on connection failure under wind loading = 0.65
Resistance factor for strength based on panel buckling = 0.75

Span, Lv (ft) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

No. of Spans, ns 7 7 7 5 5 4 4 3 3 3
Sheet Length, L, (ft) 10.5 14.0 17.5 15.0 17.5 16.0 18.0 15.0 16.5 18.0
Strength and stiffness values are conservative for longer sheet lengths and/or a greater number of spans.

t = 0.0120 in Factored Shear Resistance (lb/ft) and Shear Stiffness (k/in)

Qw = 0.886 kips G=0.45 Qf = 0.263 kips Qs = 0.195 kips Fy= 33 ksi Ix = 0.0041 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 193 181 168 156 b 115 b 88 b 69 b 56 b 49 b 39 b
12
Stiffness 19.4 19.6 17.8 18.0 17.1 17.4 16.0 16.1 16.5 19.4
Strength 178 157 143 140 115 b 88 b 69 b 56 b 49 b 39 b
18
Stiffness 17.4 17.1 15.8 15.5 14.6 15.0 13.9 14.1 14.2 17.4
Strength 165 146 128 123 115 b 88 b 69 b 56 b 49 b 39 b
24
Stiffness 16.4 16.3 15.6 14.2 14.0 13.6 13.5 12.4 12.5 12.7
Strength 151 128 112 110 96 88 b 69 b 56 b 49 b 39 b
36
Stiffness 15.2 14.6 13.8 13.0 12.2 11.8 11.8 11.1 10.7 10.9
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

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 11 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

t = 0.0150 in Factored Shear Resistance (lb/ft) and Shear Stiffness (k/in)

Qw = 0.886 kips G=0.45 Qf = 0.368 kips Qs = 0.273 kips Fy= 33 ksi Ix = 0.0057 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 270 253 235 232 173 b 133 b 105 b 85 b 70 b 59 b
12
Stiffness 24.4 24.9 24.5 22.9 22.7 21.9 22.0 20.7 20.6 21.1
Strength 248 220 200 196 173 b 133 b 105 b 85 b 70 b 59 b
18
Stiffness 22.6 21.9 21.1 19.9 19.3 18.3 18.7 17.7 17.7 17.7
Strength 231 204 179 172 159 133 b 105 b 85 b 70 b 59 b
24
Stiffness 21.1 20.4 19.1 17.7 17.2 16.9 16.6 15.5 15.6 15.6
Strength 212 179 156 154 134 133 b 105 b 85 b 70 b 59 b
36
Stiffness 19.4 18.0 16.8 16.1 14.7 14.4 14.3 13.7 13.0 13.3
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

t = 0.0180 in Factored Shear Resistance (lb/ft) and Shear Stiffness (k/in)

Qw = 0.886 kips G=0.45 Qf = 0.483 kips Qs = 0.358 kips Fy= 33 ksi Ix = 0.0075 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 355 332 309 305 244 b 187 b 148 b 120 b 99 b 83 b
12
Stiffness 29.8 29.8 29.0 27.4 27.0 26.2 26.2 25.0 24.8 25.1
Strength 326 289 263 258 238 187 b 148 b 120 b 99 b 83 b
18
Stiffness 27.3 25.9 24.7 23.6 22.6 21.6 21.9 21.1 21.0 20.8
Strength 304 269 235 226 209 187 b 148 b 120 b 99 b 83 b
24
Stiffness 25.4 24.1 22.1 20.8 20.0 19.8 19.4 18.2 18.2 18.3
Strength 278 235 206 202 177 175 148 b 120 b 99 b 83 b
36
Stiffness 23.2 21.0 19.3 18.7 17.0 16.7 16.5 16.0 15.1 15.3
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 12 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

Table A-3:
3/4” deep x 9” pitch x 36” wide panel
Fasteners in ribs with lap up
Wood purlins
No insulation

Structural screws, #14, d14 = 0.248” Stitch screws, #12, d12 = 0.216”
Resistance factor for strength based on connection failure under wind loading = 0.65
Resistance factor for strength based on panel buckling = 0.75

Span, Lv (ft) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

No. of Spans, ns 7 7 7 5 5 4 4 3 3 3
Sheet Length, L, (ft) 10.5 14.0 17.5 15.0 17.5 16.0 18.0 15.0 16.5 18.0
Strength and stiffness values are conservative for longer sheet lengths and/or a greater number of spans.

t = 0.0135 in Factored Shear Resistance (lb/ft) and Shear Stiffness (k/in)

Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.314 kips Qs = 0.233 kips Fy= 80 ksi Ix = 0.0083 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 206 195 184 181 174 163 b 129 b 104 b 86 b 72 b
12
Stiffness 29.8 28.3 26.7 26.4 25.3 25.3 24.8 24.8 24.1 24.1
Strength 192 173 160 157 146 143 129 b 104 b 86 b 72 b
18
Stiffness 26.9 24.3 22.5 22.3 20.9 20.4 20.5 20.4 20.0 19.6
Strength 181 163 145 139 130 131 125 104 b 86 b 72 b
24
Stiffness 24.8 22.5 20.1 19.5 18.3 18.6 17.9 17.4 17.2 17.0
Strength 168 145 128 126 111 110 106 104 b 86 b 72 b
36
Stiffness 22.4 19.4 17.4 17.4 15.5 15.5 15.1 15.1 14.0 14.1
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 13 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

t = 0.0180 in Factored Shear Resistance (lb/ft) and Shear Stiffness (k/in)

Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.483 kips Qs = 0.358 kips Fy= 33 ksi Ix = 0.0110 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 317 300 283 279 267 250 b 197 b 160 b 132 b 111 b
12
Stiffness 36.7 34.6 32.5 32.2 30.8 30.8 30.2 30.2 29.2 29.3
Strength 296 267 246 242 225 220 197 b 160 b 132 b 111 b
18
Stiffness 33.0 29.5 27.2 27.0 25.2 24.7 24.7 24.6 24.1 23.6
Strength 278 251 223 215 200 201 193 160 b 132 b 111 b
24
Stiffness 30.2 27.2 24.2 23.4 22.0 22.3 21.5 20.8 20.6 20.4
Strength 258 223 197 194 171 170 164 160 b 132 b 111 b
36
Stiffness 27.1 23.4 20.9 20.8 18.5 18.5 18.0 18.0 16.7 16.8
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

t = 0.0240 in Factored Shear Resistance (lb/ft) and Shear Stiffness (k/in)

Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.744 kips Qs = 0.552 kips Fy= 33 ksi Ix = 0.0146 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 488 462 435 430 412 383 b 303 b 245 b 203 b 170 b
12
Stiffness 44.9 42.2 39.4 39.1 37.3 37.3 36.5 36.5 35.3 35.4
Strength 455 411 378 373 347 339 303 b 245 b 203 b 170 b
18
Stiffness 40.1 35.6 32.7 32.5 30.2 29.6 29.6 29.5 28.9 28.3
Strength 429 386 343 331 308 310 296 245 b 203 b 170 b
24
Stiffness 36.5 32.7 28.9 28.0 26.2 26.7 25.7 24.8 24.5 24.3
Strength 398 343 304 299 264 261 252 245 b 203 b 170 b
36
Stiffness 32.7 27.9 24.8 24.8 21.9 21.9 21.4 21.4 19.8 19.9
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 14 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

Table A-4:
3/4” deep x 6” pitch x 36” wide panel
Fasteners in ribs with lap up
Wood purlins
No insulation

Structural screws, #14, d14 = 0.248” Stitch screws, #12, d12 = 0.216”
Resistance factor for strength based on connection failure under wind loading = 0.65
Resistance factor for strength based on panel buckling = 0.75

Span, Lv (ft) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

No. of Spans, ns 7 7 7 5 5 4 4 3 3 3
Sheet Length, L, (ft) 10.5 14.0 17.5 15.0 17.5 16.0 18.0 15.0 16.5 18.0
Strength and stiffness values are conservative for longer sheet lengths and/or a greater number of spans.

t = 0.0135 in Factored Shear Resistance (lb/ft) and Shear Stiffness (k/in)

Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.314 kips Qs = 0.233 kips Fy= 80 ksi Ix = 0.0152 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 249 230 213 209 197 197 191 163 b 135 b 113 b
12
Stiffness 25.8 25.4 24.5 23.6 23.0 22.6 22.5 21.7 21.4 21.7
Strength 226 197 177 174 160 155 154 153 135 b 113 b
18
Stiffness 23.6 22.1 21.0 20.3 19.3 18.6 18.8 18.3 18.1 18.0
Strength 208 182 158 151 139 140 133 128 126 113 b
24
Stiffness 22.0 20.6 18.9 17.9 17.1 17.1 16.7 15.8 15.8 15.8
Strength 189 157 137 134 117 116 111 111 101 101
36
Stiffness 20.1 18.0 16.5 16.1 14.6 14.4 14.2 13.9 13.1 13.2
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 15 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

t = 0.0180 in Factored Shear Resistance (lb/ft) and Shear Stiffness (k/in)

Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.483 kips Qs = 0.358 kips Fy= 33 ksi Ix = 0.0227 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 383 354 327 322 304 303 294 273 b 226 b 190 b
12
Stiffness 33.5 32.4 30.8 30.0 29.0 28.7 28.4 27.8 27.2 27.4
Strength 347 303 273 268 246 239 237 236 226 b 190 b
18
Stiffness 30.3 27.8 26.0 25.4 24.0 23.3 23.4 23.0 22.7 22.4
Strength 321 280 243 232 214 215 205 198 193 190 b
24
Stiffness 28.0 25.8 23.2 22.2 21.1 21.2 20.6 19.7 19.5 19.4
Strength 291 242 211 207 180 178 171 170 156 155
36
Stiffness 25.3 22.3 20.2 19.9 17.8 17.7 17.4 17.1 16.0 16.1
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

t = 0.0240 in Factored Shear Resistance (lb/ft) and Shear Stiffness (kips/in)

Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.744 kips Qs = 0.552 kips Fy= 33 ksi Ix = 0.0302 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 590 546 504 495 468 466 453 420 b 347 b 292 b
12
Stiffness 42.3 40.4 38.1 37.3 35.9 35.7 35.1 34.7 33.7 34.0
Strength 535 467 421 413 379 368 365 363 347 b 292 b
18
Stiffness 38.0 34.3 31.8 31.3 29.3 28.5 28.6 28.3 27.8 27.3
Strength 493 431 374 358 329 332 315 304 298 292 b
24
Stiffness 34.8 31.6 28.2 27.1 25.5 25.8 24.9 24.0 23.7 23.6
Strength 448 373 324 318 277 274 264 262 240 239
36
Stiffness 31.3 27.1 24.3 24.1 21.4 21.4 20.9 20.7 19.2 19.4
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 16 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

Table A-5:
1-1/2” deep x 12” pitch x 36” wide panel
Fasteners in ribs with lap up
Wood purlins
No insulation

Structural screws, #14, d14 = 0.248” Stitch screws, #12, d12 = 0.216”
Resistance factor for strength based on connection failure under wind loading = 0.65
Resistance factor for strength based on panel buckling = 0.75

Span, Lv (ft) 2 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 7 8

No. of Spans, ns 8 6 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3
Sheet Length, L, (ft) 16.0 18.0 17.5 16.0 18.0 15.0 16.5 18.0 21.0 24.0
Strength and stiffness values are conservative for longer sheet lengths and/or a greater number of spans.

t = 0.0135 in Factored Shear Resistance (lb/ft) and Shear Stiffness (k/in)

Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.314 kips Qs = 0.233 kips Fy= 80 ksi Ix = 0.0455 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 2 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 7 8
Strength 164 155 151 151 149 148 145 145 142 140
12
Stiffness 21.5 20.4 19.3 18.3 18.6 17.1 17.3 17.7 18.1 18.4
Strength 149 139 132 130 129 129 126 123 119 116
18
Stiffness 18.9 17.8 16.6 15.6 16.1 14.9 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4
Strength 143 128 120 120 116 113 111 109 102 101
24
Stiffness 17.9 16.2 15.0 14.5 14.5 13.2 13.4 13.6 13.2 13.4
Strength 131 114 105 104 101 100 93 93 87 83
36
Stiffness 16.1 14.4 13.0 12.6 12.6 11.9 11.4 11.7 11.4 11.2
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 17 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

t = 0.0180 in Factored Shear Resistance (lb/ft) and Shear Stiffness (k/in)

Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.483 kips Qs = 0.358 kips Fy= 33 ksi Ix = 0.0673 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 2 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 7 8
Strength 253 239 233 233 229 228 223 223 218 215
12
Stiffness 29.0 27.2 25.9 25.1 25.2 23.8 23.7 24.1 24.3 24.4
Strength 230 213 204 200 198 198 194 190 184 179
18
Stiffness 25.0 23.3 21.8 20.8 21.2 20.2 20.2 20.1 20.0 19.8
Strength 220 196 184 185 178 173 171 168 157 155
24
Stiffness 23.4 21.0 19.4 19.1 18.8 17.6 17.6 17.7 17.0 17.1
Strength 202 176 161 160 155 154 143 143 134 128
36
Stiffness 20.8 18.4 16.6 16.2 16.1 15.5 14.7 14.9 14.4 14.0
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

t = 0.0240 in Factored Shear Resistance (lb/ft) and Shear Stiffness (kips/in)

Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.744 kips Qs = 0.552 kips Fy= 33 ksi Ix = 0.0938 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 2 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 7 8
Strength 389 368 359 358 352 352 343 343 336 331
12
Stiffness 37.6 35.0 33.5 32.8 32.6 31.5 30.9 31.3 31.2 31.1
Strength 354 328 314 307 305 305 298 292 283 275
18
Stiffness 31.9 29.5 27.7 26.6 26.9 26.1 25.9 25.6 25.2 24.8
Strength 339 302 284 285 275 267 263 259 242 239
24
Stiffness 29.7 26.3 24.3 24.3 23.6 22.4 22.3 22.3 21.1 21.2
Strength 311 271 248 246 238 237 221 220 207 197
36
Stiffness 26.1 22.8 20.5 20.3 20.0 19.5 18.3 18.5 17.7 17.1
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 18 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

Table B-1:
7/16” deep x 6” pitch x 32” wide panel
Fasteners in flats with lap up
Wood purlins
No insulation

Structural screws, #14, d14 = 0.248” Stitch screws, #12, d12 = 0.216”
Resistance factor for strength based on connection failure under wind loading = 0.65
Resistance factor for strength based on panel buckling = 0.75

Span, Lv (ft) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

No. of Spans, ns 7 7 7 5 5 4 4 3 3 3
Sheet Length, L, (ft) 10.5 14.0 17.5 15.0 17.5 16.0 18.0 15.0 16.5 18.0
Strength and stiffness values are conservative for longer sheet lengths and/or a greater number of spans.

t = 0.0180 in. Factored Shear Resistance (lbs/ft) and Shear Stiffness (kips/in.)
Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.497 kips Qs = 0.358 kips Fy = 33 ksi Ix = 0.0072 in4/ft
Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)
spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 357 332 308 304 238 b 182 b 144 b 117 b 96 b 81 b
12
Stiffness 47.2 46.2 44.7 43.2 42.2 41.5 41.2 40.1 39.5 39.8
Strength 319 279 253 250 230 182 b 144 b 117 b 96 b 81 b
18
Stiffness 44.2 41.5 39.5 38.2 36.6 35.4 35.6 34.8 34.4 34.0
Strength 290 255 222 213 197 182 b 144 b 117 b 96 b 81 b
24
Stiffness 41.8 39.3 36.3 34.6 33.1 33.0 32.2 30.8 30.6 30.4
Strength 258 216 188 187 162 162 144 b 117 b 96 b 81 b
36
Stiffness 39.1 35.5 32.7 31.8 29.1 28.7 28.2 27.7 26.1 26.3
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 19 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

t = 0.0277 in. Factored Shear Resistance (lbs/ft) and Shear Stiffness (kips/in.)
Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.949 kips Qs = 0.684 kips Fy = 33 ksi Ix = 0.0095 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 651 610 568 551 b 405 b 310 b 245 b 198 b 164 b 138 b
12
Stiffness 69.4 66.6 63.3 61.9 59.9 59.3 58.5 57.7 56.4 56.6
Strength 581 512 465 461 405 b 310 b 245 b 198 b 164 b 138 b
18
Stiffness 64.2 58.9 55.0 53.9 50.9 49.6 49.6 49.0 48.1 47.4
Strength 528 467 407 393 364 310 b 245 b 198 b 164 b 138 b
24
Stiffness 60.2 55.3 50.2 48.2 45.6 45.7 44.3 42.7 42.2 41.9
Strength 469 393 344 343 298 299 245 b 198 b 164 b 138 b
36
Stiffness 55.7 49.3 44.7 43.9 39.6 39.3 38.3 37.9 35.5 35.6
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

t = 0.0300 in. Factored Shear Resistance (lbs/ft) and Shear Stiffness (kips/in.)
Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 1.033 kips Qs = 0.745 kips Fy = 33 ksi Ix = 0.0119 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 672 633 592 588 509 390 308 249 206 173
12
Stiffness 74.2 70.9 67.3 65.9 63.6 63.1 62.1 61.4 59.9 60.1
Strength 599 530 485 483 446 390 308 249 206 173
18
Stiffness 68.4 62.6 58.3 57.2 53.9 52.5 52.5 52.0 51.0 50.2
Strength 543 483 423 409 381 388 308 249 206 173
24
Stiffness 64.1 58.7 53.1 51.0 48.2 48.4 46.8 45.2 44.7 44.2
Strength 480 404 356 357 310 312 304 249 206 173
36
Stiffness 59.2 52.2 47.2 46.4 41.8 41.5 40.4 40.1 37.5 37.6
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 20 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

Table B-2:
7/16” deep x 7.2” pitch x 36” wide panel
Fasteners in flats with lap up
Wood purlins
No insulation

Structural screws, #14, d14 = 0.248” Stitch screws, #12, d12 = 0.216”
Resistance factor for strength based on connection failure under wind loading = 0.65
Resistance factor for strength based on panel buckling = 0.75

Span, Lv (ft) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

No. of Spans, ns 7 7 7 5 5 4 4 3 3 3
Sheet Length, L, (ft) 10.5 14.0 17.5 15.0 17.5 16.0 18.0 15.0 16.5 18.0
Strength and stiffness values are conservative for longer sheet lengths and/or a greater number of spans.

t = 0.0120 in Factored Shear Resistance (lb/ft) and Shear Stiffness (k/in)

Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.271 kips Qs = 0.195 kips Fy= 33 ksi Ix = 0.0041 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 186 174 162 156 b 115 b 88 b 69 b 56 b 46 b 39 b
12
Stiffness 23.3 25.2 26.2 23.3 24.0 22.4 23.1 20.7 21.2 21.8
Strength 167 148 134 133 115 b 88 b 69 b 56 b 46 b 39 b
18
Stiffness 22.4 23.7 24.2 21.7 21.9 20.3 21.1 19.0 19.5 19.8
Strength 153 136 118 114 106 88 b 69 b 56 b 46 b 39 b
24
Stiffness 21.8 22.9 22.9 20.3 20.5 19.4 19.7 17.7 18.1 18.5
Strength 137 116 101 101 88 87 69 b 56 b 46 b 39 b
36
Stiffness 20.9 21.4 21.3 19.3 18.8 17.8 18.0 16.5 16.3 16.7
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 21 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

t = 0.0150 in Factored Shear Resistance (lb/ft) and Shear Stiffness (k/in)

Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.378 kips Qs = 0.273 kips Fy= 33 ksi Ix = 0.0057 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 260 243 227 224 173 b 133 b 105 b 85 b 70 b 59 b
12
Stiffness 32.0 33.7 34.3 31.3 31.7 30.0 30.6 28.1 28.5 29.2
Strength 234 206 188 186 172 133 b 105 b 85 b 70 b 59 b
18
Stiffness 30.6 31.2 31.2 28.7 28.5 26.8 27.5 25.5 25.8 26.0
Strength 214 189 166 160 148 133 b 105 b 85 b 70 b 59 b
24
Stiffness 29.5 30.0 29.3 26.6 26.4 25.4 25.5 23.3 23.6 23.9
Strength 192 161 141 140 122 122 105 b 85 b 70 b 59 b
36
Stiffness 28.2 27.8 26.9 25.0 23.9 22.9 23.0 21.5 21.0 21.3
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

t = 0.0180 in Factored Shear Resistance (lb/ft) and Shear Stiffness (k/in)

Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.497 kips Qs = 0.358 kips Fy= 33 ksi Ix = 0.0075 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 341 320 298 295 244 b 187 b 148 b 120 b 99 b 83 b
12
Stiffness 40.6 41.8 41.8 38.8 38.9 37.3 37.7 35.3 35.4 36.1
Strength 307 271 247 244 226 187 b 148 b 120 b 99 83 b
18
Stiffness 38.5 38.3 37.7 35.2 34.6 32.8 33.4 31.5 31.6 31.7
Strength 281 249 218 210 194 187 b 148 b 120 b 99 83 b
24
Stiffness 36.9 36.6 35.1 32.4 31.8 30.9 30.7 28.5 28.7 28.9
Strength 252 212 186 185 161 161 148 b 120 b 99 b 83 b
36
Stiffness 35.0 33.6 32.1 30.2 28.5 27.5 27.5 26.1 25.2 25.5
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 22 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

Table B-3:
¾” deep x 9” pitch x 36” wide panel
Fasteners in flats with lap up
Wood purlins
No insulation

Structural screws, #14, d14 = 0.248” Stitch screws, #12, d12 = 0.216”
Resistance factor for strength based on connection failure under wind loading = 0.65
Resistance factor for strength based on panel buckling = 0.75

Span, Lv (ft) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

No. of Spans, ns 7 7 7 5 5 4 4 3 3 3
Sheet Length, L, (ft) 10.5 14.0 17.5 15.0 17.5 16.0 18.0 15.0 16.5 18.0
Strength and stiffness values are conservative for longer sheet lengths and/or a greater number of spans.

t = 0.0135 in. Factored Shear Resistance (lbs/ft) and Shear Stiffness (kips/in.)
Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.492 kips Qs = 0.233 kips Fy = 80 ksi Ix = 0.0083 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 251 232 214 210 198 163 b 129 b 104 b 86 b 72 b
12
Stiffness 41.6 40.2 38.6 38.2 37.1 37.0 36.6 36.4 35.6 35.8
Strength 227 197 177 174 160 155 129 b 104 b 86 b 72 b
18
Stiffness 38.7 36.0 34.0 33.7 32.1 31.5 31.6 31.5 31.0 30.6
Strength 208 182 157 150 138 139 129 b 104 b 86 b 72 b
24
Stiffness 36.4 33.9 31.2 30.4 29.0 29.3 28.5 27.7 27.5 27.3
Strength 188 157 136 133 116 115 110 104 b 86 b 72 b
36
Stiffness 33.8 30.3 27.9 27.8 25.3 25.3 24.8 24.8 23.3 23.4
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 23 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

t = 0.0180 in. Factored Shear Resistance (lbs/ft) and Shear Stiffness (kips/in.)
Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.497 kips Qs = 0.358 kips Fy = 33 ksi Ix = 0.0110 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 292 278 263 262 251 250 b 197 b 160 b 132 b 111 b
12
Stiffness 52.6 50.5 48.3 47.8 46.3 46.3 45.6 45.5 44.5 44.6
Strength 263 236 218 217 202 198 197 b 160 b 132 b 111 b
18
Stiffness 48.6 44.8 42.2 41.9 39.7 39.0 39.0 38.9 38.2 37.7
Strength 239 215 190 185 173 177 170 160 b 132 b 111 b
24
Stiffness 45.4 42.0 38.3 37.4 35.6 36.0 34.9 34.0 33.7 33.5
Strength 211 180 160 161 141 142 139 139 128 b 111 b
36
Stiffness 42.0 37.4 34.1 34.0 30.8 30.8 30.2 30.2 28.3 28.5
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

t = 0.0240 in. Factored Shear Resistance (lbs/ft) and Shear Stiffness (kips/in.)
Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.765 kips Qs = 0.552 kips Fy = 33 ksi Ix = 0.0146 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 450 429 405 403 386 383 b 303 b 245 b 203 b 170 b
12
Stiffness 66.0 63.1 60.0 59.5 57.5 57.5 56.6 56.5 55.1 55.2
Strength 404 363 335 335 311 305 303 b 245 b 203 b 170 b
18
Stiffness 60.6 55.5 51.9 51.6 48.7 47.8 47.8 47.8 46.9 46.1
Strength 368 331 293 285 267 273 262 245 b 203 b 170 b
24
Stiffness 56.5 51.8 47.0 45.8 43.4 43.9 42.6 41.4 41.0 40.6
Strength 325 278 246 248 217 219 214 214 197 170 b
36
Stiffness 51.8 45.7 41.5 41.4 37.3 37.3 36.5 36.5 34.1 34.3
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 24 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

Table B-4:
¾” deep x 6” pitch x 36” wide panel
Fasteners in flats with lap up
Wood purlins
No insulation

Structural screws, #14, d14 = 0.248” Stitch screws, #12, d12 = 0.216”
Resistance factor for strength based on connection failure under wind loading = 0.65
Resistance factor for strength based on panel buckling = 0.75

Span, Lv (ft) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

No. of Spans, ns 7 7 7 5 5 4 4 3 3 3
Sheet Length, L, (ft) 10.5 14.0 17.5 15.0 17.5 16.0 18.0 15.0 16.5 18.0
Strength and stiffness values are conservative for longer sheet lengths and/or a greater number of spans.

t = 0.0135 in. Factored Shear Resistance (lbs/ft) and Shear Stiffness (kips/in.)
Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.492 kips Qs = 0.233 kips Fy = 80 ksi Ix = 0.0152 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 336 300 270 261 243 239 201 b 163 b 135 b 113 b
12
Stiffness 36.3 36.6 36.2 34.2 33.9 32.8 32.9 31.3 31.3 31.6
Strength 309 261 230 221 200 192 187 163 b 135 b 113 b
18
Stiffness 34.8 34.1 33.2 31.4 30.6 29.3 29.6 28.3 28.2 28.2
Strength 289 244 208 195 177 175 165 158 135 b 113 b
24
Stiffness 33.6 32.9 31.3 29.3 28.5 27.9 27.5 25.9 25.9 25.9
Strength 268 218 186 178 154 150 141 138 125 113 b
36
Stiffness 32.2 30.7 29.1 27.7 26.1 25.2 25.0 24.0 23.1 23.2
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 25 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

t = 0.0180 in. Factored Shear Resistance (lbs/ft) and Shear Stiffness (kips/in.)
Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.497 kips Qs = 0.358 kips Fy = 33 ksi Ix = 0.0227 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 387 358 330 324 306 305 296 273 b 226 b 190 b
12
Stiffness 49.5 48.8 47.5 45.5 44.7 43.7 43.5 42.1 41.6 41.9
Strength 350 305 275 270 247 240 238 237 226 b 190 b
18
Stiffness 47.1 45.0 43.1 41.3 39.8 38.4 38.5 37.4 37.0 36.7
Strength 323 281 244 233 215 216 205 198 194 190 b
24
Stiffness 45.3 43.1 40.4 38.2 36.8 36.2 35.4 33.8 33.6 33.4
Strength 293 243 211 207 180 178 172 171 156 155
36
Stiffness 43.2 40.0 37.2 35.8 33.2 32.5 31.9 31.0 29.5 29.6
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

t = 0.0240 in. Factored Shear Resistance (lbs/ft) and Shear Stiffness (kips/in.)
Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.765 kips Qs = 0.552 kips Fy = 33 ksi Ix = 0.0302 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Strength 596 550 508 499 471 469 456 420 b 347 b 292 b
12
Stiffness 65.5 63.5 61.0 59.1 57.5 56.6 55.9 54.7 53.7 53.9
Strength 539 470 423 415 381 369 366 365 347 b 292 b
18
Stiffness 62.0 57.9 54.7 53.0 50.5 49.0 48.9 47.9 47.2 46.6
Strength 497 433 376 359 330 333 316 305 299 292 b
24
Stiffness 59.2 55.3 51.0 48.6 46.3 46.0 44.7 42.9 42.5 42.1
Strength 450 375 325 319 277 275 264 263 240 240
36
Stiffness 56.1 50.8 46.7 45.3 41.5 40.7 39.8 39.0 36.9 36.9
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 26 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

Table B-5:
1-1/2” deep x 12” pitch x 36” wide panel
Fasteners in flats with lap up
Wood purlins
No insulation

Structural screws, #14, d14 = 0.248” Stitch screws, #12, d12 = 0.216”
Resistance factor for strength based on connection failure under wind loading = 0.65
Resistance factor for strength based on panel buckling = 0.75

Span, Lv (ft) 2 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 7 8

No. of Spans, ns 8 6 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3
Sheet Length, L, (ft) 16.0 18.0 17.5 16.0 18.0 15.0 16.5 18.0 21.0 24.0
Strength and stiffness values are conservative for longer sheet lengths and/or a greater number of spans.

t = 0.0135 in. Factored Shear Resistance (lbs/ft) and Shear Stiffness (kips/in.)
Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.492 kips Qs = 0.233 kips Fy = 80 ksi Ix = 0.0152 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 2 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 7 8
Strength 192 178 172 173 169 169 164 164 161 147 b
12
Stiffness 27.3 26.7 25.3 23.7 24.4 21.9 22.5 23.2 24.2 25.1
Strength 160 146 138 135 135 135 132 129 125 121
18
Stiffness 24.5 23.8 22.4 20.9 21.7 19.8 20.2 20.6 21.3 21.7
Strength 147 128 118 120 115 107 106 105 97 98
24
Stiffness 23.3 22.0 20.4 19.6 19.9 17.9 18.4 18.8 18.9 19.5
Strength 126 108 94 93 90 87 78 80 76 72
36
Stiffness 21.0 19.6 17.9 17.2 17.5 16.3 15.9 16.5 16.5 16.6
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

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 27 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

t = 0.0180 in. Factored Shear Resistance (lbs/ft) and Shear Stiffness (kips/in.)
Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.497 kips Qs = 0.358 kips Fy = 33 ksi Ix = 0.0673 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 2 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 7 8
Strength 230 221 215 217 214 215 209 211 208 206
12
Stiffness 38.5 37.3 35.6 34.1 34.7 32.2 32.5 33.3 34.2 34.8
Strength 193 184 176 173 175 176 173 170 166 163
18
Stiffness 33.8 32.6 30.7 29.2 30.1 28.2 28.5 28.8 29.2 29.4
Strength 177 161 150 155 150 145 145 144 136 136
24
Stiffness 31.8 29.6 27.6 27.1 27.1 25.0 25.4 25.8 25.3 25.9
Strength 149 133 120 122 121 121 110 112 107 103
36
Stiffness 28.2 26.0 23.6 23.2 23.4 22.3 21.4 22.0 21.8 21.5
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

t = 0.0240 in. Factored Shear Resistance (lbs/ft) and Shear Stiffness (kips/in.)
Qw = 0.886 kips G = 0.45 Qf = 0.765 kips Qs = 0.552 kips Fy = 33 ksi Ix = 0.0938 in4/ft

Stitch screw Deck Span, Lv, (ft)

spacing, (in) 2 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 7 8
Strength 355 340 332 334 330 330 322 324 320 317
12
Stiffness 51.9 49.8 47.9 46.6 47.0 44.7 44.6 45.4 46.0 46.3
Strength 297 284 270 267 269 270 266 262 256 251
18
Stiffness 44.5 42.7 40.4 38.9 39.8 38.2 38.3 38.3 38.3 38.3
Strength 273 247 231 238 231 224 223 222 209 210
24
Stiffness 41.5 38.3 35.7 35.7 35.3 33.2 33.5 33.8 32.7 33.1
Strength 230 205 185 188 186 188 171 175 165 159
36
Stiffness 36.3 33.1 30.1 29.9 30.0 29.1 27.6 28.3 27.6 27.1
Strength values including a “b” denote a panel buckling failure mode

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 28 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

5. Diaphragm Strength and Stiffness Example Calculations

Example 1: 7/16” deep x 6.4” pitch x 32” wide panel
Fasteners in ribs with lap up
Wood purlins
No insulation

PROFILE PROPERTIES:
t = 0.0180” Fy = 33 ksi
Ix = 0.0072 in /ft
4
dd = 0.44”
p = 6.4” wb = (6.4 – 1.95) = 4.45”
wt = 1.21” s = (4.45 + 1.21 + 2(0.57) = 6.80”
4 span condition L = 16’
Lv = 4’ Stitch screw spacing = 18” = 1.5’
Resistance factor for strength based on wind loading = 0.65
Resistance factor for strength based on panel buckling = 0.75

CONNECTOR STRENGTH
Since the sheet thickness, t, is less than 0.028”, there is a modification applied to the SDI connector
strength values.
Assume specific gravity of wood, G = 0.45
Structural screws, #14, d14 = 0.248”
Qf = 33.5t√t/0.028 = (33.5)(0.0180)√0.0180/0.028 = 0.483 kips
Stitch screws, #12, d12 = 0.216”
Qs = 115dt√t/0.028 = (115)(0.216)(0.0180)√0.0180/0.028 = 0.358 kips
Structural fasteners are neglected at interior ribs because of the fastener’s flexibility. For wood supports,
treat side lap fasteners as special stitch fasteners.
αs = Qs/Qf = 0.358/0.483 = 0.741

DIAPHRAGM FACTORS
αe = αp = ∑(xp/w) = neglect interior fasteners = 2(16)/32 = 1.0
αe2 = αp2 = ∑(xp/w)2 = neglect interior fasteners = 2(162)/322 = 0.5
np = 3 (number of interior supports in 4 spans)
ns = (4)(4)/1.5 + 1 = 11.7; use 11 (total number of side fasteners along the panel length)
B = nsαs + 2npαp2 + 4αe2 = (11)(0.741) + (2)(3)(0.5) + (4)(0.5) = 13.15
ddLv (0.44)(4)
λ=1- =1- = 0.945
240√t 240√(0.0180)
652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 29 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

DIAPHRAGM STRENGTH CALCULATIONS

Strength controlled by fastener failure in the field (Nominal)
Su = [2(λ – 1) + B]Qf/L = [2(0.945 – 1) + 13.15](0.483)/(16) = 0.394 kips/ft
Factored resistance = ΦSu = (0.65)(0.394) = 0.256 kips/ft.

Strength controlled by corner shear

N = 3/2.67 = 1.125 fasteners/ft

Su = Qf
√ N2B2
L N2+B2
2
= (0.483)
√ (1.125)2(13.15)2 = 0.321 kips/ft
(16) (1.125)2+(13.15)2
2

Factored resistance = ΦSu = (0.65)(0.321) = 0.209 kips/ft.

Strength controlled by out of plane buckling

[ ]
0.25

[ ]
0.25
3250 Ix3t3p 3250 (0.0072)3(0.0180)3(6.4)
Su = = = 0.243 kips/ft
Lv2 wt+wb+2ww (4)2 1.21+4.45+(2)(0.57)
Factored resistance = ΦSu = (0.75)(0.243) = 0.182 kips/ft.

The factored resistance = 0.182 kips/ft

DIAPHRAGM STIFFNESS CALCULATIONS

K = 0.5 (wood, lap up)
Φ = 0.8 for 4-span condition
V = 1 for a total of 1 corrugation and V = 2 for a total of 4 corrugations
For V = 1,

[ ][ ]
1.5

[ ][ ]
1.5
ddwt2 1 (0.44)(1.21)2 1
Dni = = = 0.667
25L t (25)(16) 0.0180
For V = 2,

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ] [ ][ ]
1.5 1.5
0.94p ddwt2 1 (0.94)(6.4) (0.44)(1.21)2 1 = 13.26
Dni = V2 = 22
wt 25L t 1.21 (25)(16) 0.0180
Dn = [(1)(0.667)+(4)(13.26)]/(5) = 10.74
3.0 3.0
Structural fastener flexibility, Sf = = = 0.0224 in/kip
1000√t 1000√0.0180

C=
EtSf
w [ 2 α +n24Lα +2n K ] = (29,500)(0.0180)(0.0224)
e p p s (32) [ (2)(1)+(3)(1)+(2)(11)(0.5)]
(24)(16)
= 8.91

G’ = [ 2.6(s/p)+EtΦD +C ] = [ (2.6)(6.8/6.4)+(0.8)(10.74)+(8.91)
n
(29,500)(0.0180)
] (1.0) = 13.1
The diaphragm stiffness = 13.1 kips/in

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 30 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

Example 2: ¾” deep x 9” pitch x 36” wide panel

Fasteners in ribs with lap up
Wood purlins
No insulation

PROFILE PROPERTIES:
t = 0.0135” Fy = 80 ksi (60 ksi max.)
Ix = 0.0083 in4/ft dd = 0.75”
p = 9” wb = (9 – 1.6) = 7.4”
wt = 0.30” s = (7.4 + 0.3 + 2(0.994)) = 9.688”
4 span condition L = 16’
Lv = 4’ Stitch screw spacing = 18” = 1.5’
Resistance factor for strength based on wind loading = 0.65
Resistance factor for strength based on panel buckling = 0.75

CONNECTOR STRENGTH
Since the sheet thickness, t, is less than 0.028”, there is a modification applied to the SDI connector
strength values.
Assume specific gravity of wood, G = 0.45
Structural screws, #14, d14 = 0.248”
Qf = 33.5t√t/0.028 = (33.5)(0.0135)√0.0135/0.028 = 0.314 kips
Stitch screws, #12, d12 = 0.216”
Qs = 115dt√t/0.028 = (115)(0.216)(0.0135)√0.0135/0.028 = 0.233 kips
Structural fasteners are neglected at interior ribs because of the fastener’s flexibility. For wood supports,
treat side lap fasteners as special stitch fasteners.
αs = Qs/Qf = 0.233/0.314 = 0.741

DIAPHRAGM FACTORS
αe = αp = ∑(xp/w) = neglect interior fasteners = 2(18)/36 = 1.0
αe2 = αp2 = ∑(xp/w)2 = neglect interior fasteners = 2(182)/362 = 0.5
np = 3 (number of interior supports in 4 spans)
ns = (4)(4)/1.5 + 1 = 11.7; use 11 (total number of side fasteners along the panel length)
B = nsαs + 2npαp2 + 4αe2 = (11)(0.741) + (2)(3)(0.5) + (4)(0.5) = 13.16

ddLv (0.75)(4)
λ=1- =1- = 0.892
240√t 240√(0.0135)
652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 31 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

DIAPHRAGM STRENGTH CALCULATIONS

Strength controlled by fastener failure in the field (Nominal)
Su = [2(λ – 1) + B]Qf/L = [2(0.892 – 1) + 13.14](0.314)/(16) = 0.254 kips/ft
Factored resistance = ΦSu = (0.65)(0.254) = 0.165 kips/ft.

Strength controlled by corner shear

N = 5/3 = 1.67 fasteners/ft

Su = Qf
√ N2B2
L2N2+B2
= (0.314)
√ (1.67)2(13.16)2 = 0.232 kips/ft
(16) (1.67)2+(13.16)2
2

Factored resistance = ΦSu = (0.65)(0.232) = 0.151 kips/ft.

Strength controlled by out of plane buckling

[ ]
0.25

[ ]
0.25
3250 Ix3t3p 3250 (0.0083)3(0.0135)3(9)
Su = = = 0.217 kips/ft
Lv2 wt+wb+2ww (4)2 0.3+7.4+(2)(0.994)
Factored resistance = ΦSu = (0.75)(0.217) = 0.163 kips/ft.

The factored resistance = 0.151 kips/ft

DIAPHRAGM STIFFNESS CALCULATIONS

K = 0.5 (wood, lap up)
Φ = 0.8 for 4-span condition

V = 1 for a total of 4 corrugations

Since V = 1,

[ ][ ]
1.5

[ ][ ]
1.5
ddwt2 1 (0.75)(0.30)2 1
Dni = = = 0.108
25L t (25)(16) 0.0135
Dn = [(4)(0.108)]/(4) = 0.108
3.0 3.0
Structural fastener flexibility, Sf = = = 0.0258 in/kip
1000√t 1000√0.0135

C=
EtSf
w [ 2 α +n24Lα +2n K ] = (29,500)(0.0135)(0.0258)
e p p s (36) [ (2)(1)+(3)(1)+(2)(11)(0.5)]
(24)(16)
= 6.86

G’ = [ 2.6(s/p)+EtΦD +C ] = [ (2.6)(9.688/9)+(0.8)(0.108)+(6.86)
n
(29,500)(0.0135)
] (0.5) = 20.4 kips/in
The diaphragm stiffness = 20.4 kips/in

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 32 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

Example 3: 7/16” deep x 6.4” pitch x 32” wide panel

Fasteners in flats with lap up
Wood purlins
No insulation

PROFILE PROPERTIES:
t = 0.0180” Fy = 33 ksi
Ix = 0.0072 in4/ft dd = 0.44”
p = 6.4” wb = (6.40 – 1.95) = 4.45”
wt = 1.21” s = (4.45 + 1.21 + 2(0.57)) = 6.80”
4 span condition L = 16’
Lv = 4’ Stitch screw spacing = 18” = 1.5’
Resistance factor for strength based on wind loading = 0.65
Resistance factor for strength based on panel buckling = 0.75

CONNECTOR STRENGTH
Since the sheet thickness, t, is less than 0.028”, there is a modification applied to the SDI connector
strength values.
Assume specific gravity of wood, G = 0.45
Structural screws, #14, d14 = 0.248”
Qf = 1.25Fyt(1 - 0.005Fy)√t/0.028 = (1.25)(33)(0.0180)(1 - 0.005(33))√0.0180/0.028 = 0.497 kips
Qw = 1.968G = (1.968)(0.45) = 0.886 kips Therefore, Steel connection controls

Stitch screws, #12, d12 = 0.216”

Qs = 115dt√t/0.028 = (115)(0.216)(0.0180)√0.0180/0.028 = 0.358 kips
αs = Qs/Qf = 0.358/0.497 = 0.721

DIAPHRAGM FACTORS
αe = αp = ∑(xp/w) = 2(6.4 + 12.8)/32 = 1.20
αe2 = αp2 = ∑(xp/w)2 = 2(6.42 + 12.82)/322 = 0.40
np = 3 (number of interior supports in 4 spans)
ns = (4)(4)/1.5 + 1 = 11.7; use 11 (total number of side fasteners along the panel length)
B = nsαs + 2npαp2 + 4αe2 = (11)(0.721) + (2)(3)(0.40) + (4)(0.40) = 11.93

ddLv (0.44)(4)
λ=1- =1- = 0.945
240√t 240√(0.0180)
652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 33 • Canadian Sheet Steel Building Institute • B18-2016

DIAPHRAGM STRENGTH CALCULATIONS

Strength controlled by fastener failure in the field (Nominal)
Su = [2(λ – 1) + B]Qf/L = [2(0.945 – 1) + 11.93](0.497)/(16) = 0.367 kips/ft
Factored resistance = ΦSu = (0.65)(0.367) = 0.239 kips/ft.

Strength controlled by corner shear

N = 5/2.667 = 1.875 fasteners/ft

Su = Qf
√ N2B2
L2N2+B2
= (0.497)
√ (1.875)2(11.93)2 = 0.344 kips/ft
(16)2(1.875)2+(11.93)2
Factored resistance = ΦSu = (0.65)(0.344) = 0.224 kips/ft.

Strength controlled by out of plane buckling

[ ]
0.25

[ ]
0.25
3250 Ix3t3p 3250 (0.0072)3(0.0180)3(6.4)
Su = = = 0.243 kips/ft
Lv2 wt+wb+2ww (4)2 1.21+4.45+(2)(0.57)
Factored resistance = ΦSu = (0.75)(0.243) = 0.182 kips/ft.

The factored resistance = 0.182 kips/ft

DIAPHRAGM STIFFNESS CALCULATIONS

K = 0.5 (wood support, lap up)
Φ = 0.8 for 4-span condition

Since there is a screw in every corrugation,

[ ][ ]
1.5

[ ][ ]
1.5
ddwt2 1 (0.44)(1.21)2 1
Dni = = = 0.667
25L t (25)(16) 0.0180
V = 1 for 5 corrugations
Dn = [(5)(0.667)]/(5) = 0.667
1.5 1.5
Structural fastener flexibility, Sf = = = 0.0112 in/kip
1000√t 1000√0.0180

C=
EtSf
w [ 2 α +n24Lα +2n K ] = (29,500)(0.0180)(0.0112)
e p p s (32) [ (2)(1.2)+(3)(1.2)+(2)(11)(0.5) ]
(24)(16)
= 4.198

G’ = [ 2.6(s/p)+EtΦD +C ] K = [ (2.6)(6.8/6.4)+(0.8)(0.667)+(4.198)
n
(29,500)(0.0180)
] (0.5) = 35.4 kips/in
The diaphragm stiffness = 35.4 kips/in

652 Bishop Street North, Unit 2A · Cambridge, ON · N3H 4V6 · 519-650-1285 · www.cssbi.ca
 CANADIAN SHEET STEEL BUILDING INSTITUTE

CSSBI Steel Roofing and Cladding Manufacturer Members:

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Canam Group Inc.
Duchesne et Fils Ltée.
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Steel Tile Co.
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Westman Steel

Canadian Sheet Steel Builidng Institute

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Cambridge, Ontario Canada N3H 4V6
T: 519-650-1285 F: 519-650-8081
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