FRESHHH2018 – part UPSTREAM

Game Rules
Welcome to the UPSTREAM Simulation part of Freshhh2018
Programme!

Game concept

The online competition is a turn-based strategic game aiming to imitate reality as much as possible.
However it still contains several simplifications to make the game easier to understand and more
entertaining to play.

You are the managers of a well-established oil company with a diversified upstream and downstream
portfolio continuously seeking new upstream opportunities to replace the reserves and the
production. You and your teammates have to focus on the upstream process/activity in this part of
the FRESHHH Programme.

Upppland has decided to open its oil industry to international players recently, due to a lack of funds
for exploration of the country’s petroleum potential. Several companies entered the First
International Bid Round of Upppland which resulted in significant discoveries and subsequent
increase of production and oil export levels of the country. Your company owns a big exploration
license in the country. Thanks to the success of the International Bid Round, Upppland teamed up
with its neighbouring and surrounding countries and they formed the Oil Producer Upppian
Countries, thus creating the OPUC area.

Thanks to your long-lasting successful international track record and your presence in Upppland you
are one of the few companies invited to operate in the OPUC area. The upstream industry go back
high in the past in this area as well, however, most acreage could not be explored and developed
according to the lack of funds in these closed economies in recent decades. The primary objective of
OPUC countries is to find operators who commit themselves to efficient developing and producing
the discovered hydrocarbon fields. Therefore a production license will be granted. You are delegated
exclusively to the management of the OPUC Area portfolio and you do not have to deal with other
assets of the company. Nevertheless, you have access only to the funds of your own portfolio to
develop new opportunities here.
The game is compiled of three closely linked sections:
Development,
Production,
Commercialization

You are given 3000 million U$ (Uppp Dollar) of cash on hand to start the upstream process.

Timing

Contestants are going to play for 15 turns. 1 turn in the game means 24 hours in the real world, so in
every 24 hours, there is going to be a turn change.

(GMT 12:00 Processing a turn lasts for an hour and you cannot enter the game during that time. You
are advised to return a bit later. Financial accounting and the effects of decision-making are only
shown when a turn change occurs.)

Financing

You begin the game with a budget of 3000 million U$ for upstream operations. You have a revolving
credit at a 10% interest rate. You can use this credit facility to finance 60% of your investments at
field development phase only. If the value of CASH IN HAND gets negative in case of financing from
credit, 30 % penalty interest will charged on it.

2
PLAYING THE GAME IN GENERAL

The company has 10 prospects during the game. The team decide on which field they want to start
developing. It is recommended to set up a strategy for scheduling field development. The aim is to
create an optimal portfolio, achieve return on investments and maximize the profit.

According to the strategy your team is supposed to delineate a field by giving the crucial input
parameters (like recoverable reserves; porosity etc.) for development and economic planning. These
input parameters will be loaded into the Field Development phase. With the help of this information
you will have to evaluate the fields if you have sufficient amount of funds and – of course – the
opportunity is prospective enough. Your funds are scarce so do not waste them on low return
projects. If the IRR of a project is just a few percents, it might be better to wait for more suitable
opportunities. If judged rentable, your task will be to work out and fulfill a field development
program on the field.

To start field development please be navigated to another screen where the map of the license area
will appear with 10 locators pointing to the fields.

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 Field Controller

By selecting a point (field), then clicking on the FIELD DETAILS menu item on the Field Controller, a
list of input data will appear and you can also start the field by decision ACQUIRE.

Panel of the Field Details

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Development panel contains facilities that can be constructed. For the aim of setting up the best
strategy please see section ​“Field development, facilities and costs”​​for detailed information about
building and its calculations.

Selling the produced hydrocarbons

Crude oil

The oil quantity that leaves the license area is sold on the average international market price at the
end of the year. Note that there can be several bottlenecks of oil sales. (See the facilities section for
details.)

Natural gas

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The associated natural gas is used for power generation or transferred to the government for free,
according to the license agreements in force in the OPUC area. (This is done automatically; the teams
do not have to deal with gas at all.)

Fiscal regime

If the teams want to plan their revenues precisely, they have to model the fiscal regime of the license
agreements as well. The country has its own tax regime which means 60% tax is levied.

Inputs & miscellaneous rules

The following data will be provided for each field.

Field data
Depth [ft] reservoir depth

API° API gravity

Rsi [scf/bbl] Gas-Oil Ratio

Area [acre] Area of the field

Average thickness [ft] Average thickness of the reservoir

Porosity [%] Porosity of the reservoir rock

Heff/H [ft/ft] The ratio of effective and average thickness

Initial water saturation [%] Initial water saturation in the reservoir

Permeability [md] Permeability of the reservoir rock

Distance from main In case a CPU (Central Production Unit) is built, its distance
[miles]
road from the closest main road

Distance from main In case a CPU is built, its distance from the closest main rail
[miles]
train line line

Distance from main In case a CPU is built, its distance from the closest main
[miles]
pipeline hydrocarbon route.

6
Furthermore, information for the country in which the field is located will also be provided. These
data are constant throughout the game. These are the following:

Country data
Average
[F°] average atmospheric temperature
temperature

Geothermal [F°/1000
average geothermal gradient
gradient ft]

OPEX & CAPEX

OPEX and CAPEX levels in the country you operate
parameter

The % of the generated oil revenue withdrawn by the

Government take
government

There are some technical parameters which are constant regardless of the country or field. These
are:

Constants

Atmospheric
14.7 psia
pressure

Methane 0.037463 pound/cubic ft

density (0.6 kg/cubic m)

the diameter of the well sections that cross the

Wellbore radius 0.29 ft
reservoir

7
 Location of Country info

Oil price varies throughout the game. In the first period the price is 50 U$ (Uppp Dollar)/bbl

Evaluation of fields – production curve

Before purchasing a development concession you will need to evaluate it. To do this, you have to
calculate the oil in place, the recoverable reserves and finally the production profile while also
considering the necessary investment, operating costs and taxes. The recoverable reserve size (i.e.
the recovery ratio) and the production profile are dependent on your field development scheme.
(Please see next section for detailed information on field development.) Note that the fields are
developed with pressure maintenance technology and ESPs (electrical submersible pumps) are used
at each production wells.

With the above specified data set and by using the Vasquez and Beggs formula (1980), you can
calculate the bubble point pressure, the oil formation volume factor. The original reserve for
undersaturated reservoir can be calculated with the oil formation volume factor.

( )
C2
Rsi
pb = C3×AP I
C1×γ g ×e Tr

Where:

p​b​: Bubblepoint pressure [psi]

R​si​: Solution gas-oil ratio [scf/STB]

γ​
g​: Gas specific gravity [-]

API: API gravity of oil [API°]

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 T​r​: Reservoir temperature [R°]

C1, C2, C3: Constants:

API ≤ 30 API > 30

C1 0.0362 0.0178
C2 1.0937 1.187
C3 25.724 23.931

B o = B ob × eco (P b −pi )

B ob = 1 + A1×Rsi + A2× (T r − 60) × ( ) + A3×R

AP I
γg si (T r − 60) × ( )
AP I
γg

5×Rsi +12.7×T r −1180×γ g +12.61×AP I−1433

co = 105 pi

Where:

p​b​: Bubblepoint pressure [psi]

p​i​: Initial reservoir pressure [psi]

R​si​: Solution gas-oil ratio [scf/STB]

γ​
g​: Gas specific gravity [-]

API: API gravity of oil [API°]

T​r​: Reservoir temperature [F°]

A1, A2, A3 constants:

API ≤ 30 API > 30

A1 4.677×10​-4 4.670×10​-4
A2 1.751×10​-5 1.1×10​-5
A3 -1.811×10​-8 1.337×10​-9

Following that original oil in place (OOIP) can be calculated.

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During the recoverable reserve calculation use the Beggs and Robinson formula (1975) for the oil
viscosity calculation.

−0.515 5.44×(Rsi +150)−0.338

μo = 10.715(Rsi + 100) × μoD

−1.163
×e6.9824−0.04658×AP I
μoD = 10T r

Where:

R​si​: Solution gas-oil ratio [scf/STB]

API: API gravity of oil [API°]

T​r​: Reservoir temperature [F°]

For water viscosity calculation use the McCain formula (1991). Water is assumed to be fresh water
without any salt content.

μw = μws ×0.9994 + 4.0295×10−5 × pi + 3.1062×10−9 × p2i

μws = 109.574×T −1.12166

r

Where:

T​r​: Reservoir temperature [F°]

p​i​: Initial reservoir pressure [psi]

For estimation of the recovery factor with pressure maintenance technology use the correlation
issued in API Bulletin D14 (1967).

0.0422 0.077 −0.2159

η = 54.898× [ Φ×(1−S wi )
Bo ] × ( )
k×μw
μo × S −0.1903
wi × ( ) pi
pa

Where:

Ф: Porosity [-]

S​
wi​: Initial water saturation

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 B​
o​: Oil formation volume factor [bbl/STB]

k: Reservoir permeability [D]

µ​
w​: Water viscosity [cP]

µ​
o​: Oil viscosity [cP]

p​
i​: Initial reservoir pressure [psia]

p​
a​: Abandonment pressure [psi]

The production is separated into two phases, waterless production and production with water. The
total liquid (water + oil) production level of a field with a given well network is constant in the entire
life of a field (without taking into consideration the bottlenecks of the surface infrastructure) but
watercut of the production changes in time. For the calculation of the production profile you may use
the following formulas:

For ​waterless production portion​​(from sensitivity calculation made by numerical simulation)

Wlp= waterless (till 1% of water contain) production portion of the total production

μ h
W lp = 0.6047 − 0.035×log( μ o ) + 0.02861×log(W d) − 0.0342×log(havg ) + 0.06× h ef f − 0.0067×log(k)
w avg

where;

(Wd) Well distance interval = 2000 < distance between the injectors and producers < 10000 [ft]

Reservoir total thickness interval (h) = 40 < thickness < 300 [ft]

Permeability interval = 1 < k < 1000 [mD]

Over (or below) the limits the maximal (minimal) limit value has to be used

√
A
Distance between injectors and producers = 2 (n+m)π

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where:

A: field area [sq ft]

n: number of producers

m: number of injectors

ROOIP in the waterless production phase =ROOIP*Wlp* Sp, where

(ROOIP stands for recoverable original oil in place)

Sp= Scheme parameter, a correction factor depending on the injection well pattern:

At five point system (producer -injector ratio = 1) Sp=1

At seven or four point system (producer -injector ratio = 2) Sp=0.9

At nine point system (producer -injector ratio = 3) Sp=0.8

Sp can be calculated directly from the final producer-injector rate for a middle point.

When the produced oil amount in the waterless production phase exceeds ROOIP*Wlp* Sp, the
waterless phase alters to ​production with water phase​​.

In production with water phase

For Field level Water Oil Ratio prediction use Timmermann (1971) formula,

log log ( )qo

qw = a + b×N p

Where:

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Np= cumulative oil production [bbl], its domain: ROOIPWlp < Np < ROOIP

(ROOIPWlp stands for the recoverable oil during the waterless production)

a, b = reservoir specific constants, can be determined from the first and last point of the curve

1st point (starting of the water production) WC=1%, Np=ROOIPWlp

2nd point (end of potential production) WC=99%, Np= ROOIP

For well level estimations you may use the following equations

Average producer productivity equation:

where:

q​f​ = qo+qw [bbl/d]

r​e​= drainage radius [ft]

r​w​= wellbore radius [ft]

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 √
A
re = 2 nπ

A: field area [sq ft]

n: number of producers

Estimation ​of the average injector final productivity:

where

i​
w​​
[bbl/d]

K​
w​= ​
average water permeability (assumed to be equal to k)

r​
ei ​= ​
middle distances between the injectors and producers

√
A
rei = 2 (n+m)π

where:

A: field area [sq ft]

n: number of producers

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m: number of injectors

As the game itself, the model for the estimation of the production of a field should also be built using
1 year long periods.

Field Development, facilities and costs

To bring up the precious oil from the depths of the earth, you will need to develop the field. For this
purpose, producer and injector wells are needed as well as a well-designed surface facility. Your task
also includes the design of the transportation capability.

For a well-functioning field development program you need to focus on the produced amount, the
capacities of the equipment (bottleneck effect) and the timing of your development. Both the
production and injection capacity, as well as the surface processing or transportation capacity can be
the bottleneck in the system. Also, according to the rules of OPUC, the daily oil production of a field
cannot be greater than one third of its storage capacity. It is important to optimise the number of
wells and capacity of the surface infrastructure to make the operation of the field as efficient as
possible.

Before starting the field development you have to take into account that

● the granted concession rights are valid for 15 years or turns.

● all fields need to be developed with pressure maintenance technology.

● for security reasons the maximal drawdown pressure at water injector wells is 1500 psia.

● minimal bottom hole pressure at producer wells is 50% of reservoir pressure. Pressure
build-up follows hydrostatic tendency. The hydrostatic pressure gradient is 0.433 psi/ft.

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 Panel of Field Development

In the ​Field Development ​panel you will find the facilities that can be constructed (producer well,
injector well, oil processing train, storage tanker, road, rail and pipeline transportation units). By
clicking on ​Calculate Total Investment​​button, you can see the CAPEX of the units to be constructed.

Panel of Total Investment

16
If the team decides to request credit, it is possible but note that the amount of credit cannot exceed
60% of all investment.

You can select the number of units (in case of wells) or the capacity (in case of other facilities). When
you have set the desired number or capacity of all the facilities, you may select Start Development.
Keep in mind that there are certain limitations for the construction of production facilities.

Note that in one turn you are able to access the Field Developments panel any time you wish. That
means you have continuous opportunity in each turn to set up what facilities are to be constructed as
further investment. Last setting will be taken into consideration at the actual turn close.

Limits for players' inputs

Maximum unit/ Maximum pieces/
Step/interval
capacity built in capacity built per
on the slider
period concession

Production wells piece 10 1 N/A

Injector wells piece 10 1 N/A

Oil processing train bbl/d 100,000 1,000 4 trains*

Storage tanker bbl 150,000 1,000 6 tanks*

Export route - road bbl/d 50,000 1,000 50,000

Export route - rail bbl/d 100,000 1,000 100,000

Export route - pipeline bbl/d 500,000 1,000 500,000

* Note: The number of units is maximised not the capacity.

It can happen that the revenues of a field will not cover the OPEX and the taxes payable for the given
field. In this case you can abandon the field at the charge of 10% of all CAPEX invested for
constructions before. However, you cannot abandon a field if there are ongoing construction works
within its perimeters. Note: Every field what is in operation will be abandoned automatically at the
last turn close.

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Below you will find a summary of the different equipment and facilities that could be developed and
the cost-functions of the CAPEX and OPEX related to them.

CAPEX is charged when the construction order is given (except for oil processing train). When the
processing train is being constructed, the first part of the CAPEX is charged on the spot while the
remaining parts are charged at the beginning of the following turns. Facilities start the operation in
the turn following the construction except for the processing train that is in operation from the 3rd
year following the start of construction.

Production wells are the elemental tools of oil mining. CAPEX of one unit depends on the depth to be
drilled and geological factors. The construction costs contain the installation of ESP (Electrical
Submersible Pump), pipelines connecting to the CPU (Central Processing Unit) and other well site
infrastructure. As pressure maintenance technology is used for field development, injector wells
must be also drilled. Injector wells are fed by the water of nearby rivers and lakes. Significant part of
operational costs of wells connected to the amount of liquid produced, however, the regular
maintenance of wells requires notable financials as well. Capital and operational costs for producer
and injector wells can be calculated as follows:

Production well

CAPEX - fix np ×5 [106 U $]

1.5
Dr
CAPEX - variable np × ( 1000 ) ×0.2 [106 U $]

OPEX - fix npop ×0.25 [106 U $/year]

OPEX - variable N p 0.8 ×0.3 [106 U $]

Where,

n​
p production wells drilled in period [#]

n​
pop production wells in operation [#]

N​
p produced liquid volume in given year [MMbbl]

D​
r reservoir depth [ft]

18
In case of injection wells use n​i (number of injection wells drilled in period) instead of n​p​, n​iop (injection
wells in operation) instead of nop and W​i​(injected water volume) instead of N​p​in the equations.

Oil processing train or CPU is the heart of each oil field. Their main task is to transform the produced
raw oil into a transportable and marketable quality product. The construction of an oil processing
train takes 3 years. CAPEX emerges as follows: in the first year 30%, in the second year 50%, in the
third year 20% of total cost. As evident as it is the construction cost depends on the capacity of the
unit with significant initial investment. The OPEX of the unit is also related to the maximal capacity.
One processing train can be built in each period (until reaching 4 trains) of which the minimal
capacity is 1,000 bbl/day while the maximal capacity is 50,000 bbl/day.

Oil processing
train

CAPEX - fix 20 [106 U $]

coptbuilt 0.9 ×8 [106 U $]
CAPEX - variable

nopt ×0.5 [106 U $]

OPEX - fix

copt 0.8 ×1.8 [106 U $]

OPEX - variable

Where,
c​
optbuilt Oil processing train capacity built in period [Mbbl/d]
n​
opt Oil processing trains in operation [#]
c​
opt Oil processing train capacity [MMbbl/year]

Storage tankers are required for temporary oil storage, as in some cases the transportation is
not possible immediately. CAPEX of these facilities are proportional to the size and capacity of the
unit. However the operational costs are unit based. One tanker can be built in each period (until
reaching 4 tanker units) of which the minimal capacity is 1,000 bbl/day while the maximal capacity is
150,000 bbl/day.

19
 Storage tanker
CAPEX - fix 1 [10​6​U$]
CAPEX - variable csbuilt 0.9 ×0.5 ​[10​
6​
U$]
6​
OPEX - fix nsop ×0.1 ​[10​ U$/year]
OPEX - variable N/A

Where,
c​
sbuilt Storage capacity built in period [Mbbl]
n​
sop Storage tankers in operation [#]

Players may choose between three different means of transportation. One transportation system can
be built in each period from all types of transportation infrastructures.

For road transportation a road connecting to the main system must be built together with truck filling
heads. Road CAPEX must be paid in the first year road is constructed and only have to be paid.
Whereas filling station CAPEX must be paid each time additional road transport capacity is
constructed. OPEX of road has fix part due after a road is constructed and a variable part depending
on the length of the road. Fix filling station OPEX must be paid based on the number of filling stations
in operation. The external ​transportation ​cost in case of road transport is ​7 U$/bbl (in excess of the
CAPEX and OPEX of the facilities). One road transportation unit can be built in each period (until
reaching the total road transportation capacity of 50,000 bbl/d) of which the minimal capacity is
1,000 bbl/day while the maximal capacity is 50,000 bbl/day.

Road
CAPEX – fix 1 [10​6​U$]
6​
CAPEX - variable Lr ×0.5 ​[10​ U$]
OPEX – fix 0.1 [10​6​U$/year]
Lr ×0.1 [106 U $/year]
OPEX - variable

Truck filling station

CAPEX – fix 1 [10​6​U$]

20
 cf built 0.8 ×0.5 [106 U $]
CAPEX - variable

nf op [106 U $/year]
OPEX – fix

OPEX - variable N/A

Where,
L​
r Road length [mile]
c​
fbuilt Filling capacity built in period [Mbbl/d]
n​
fop Filling stations in operation [#]

For transportation with train to a pipeline a filling station at the nearest rail line must be constructed.
Pipeline CAPEX has a notable large fix part and a variable part dependent of the length and the
capacity of the pipe. CAPEX of filling station follows the same logic, self-evidently without taking into
consideration the distance. Note that each time a new pipeline is constructed a new filling station
must also be built. Fix OPEX of both units is based on the number of facilities built while variable
OPEX of the pipeline depends on its capacity. The external ​retransportation ​cost in case of rail
transport is ​
5 U$/bbl ​(in excess of the CAPEX and OPEX of the facilities). One rail transportation unit
can be built in each period (until reaching the total rail transportation capacity of 100,000 bbl/d) of
which the minimal capacity is 1,000 bbl/day while the maximal capacity is 100,000 bbl/day.

Pipeline to rail filling

station
CAPEX - fix 10 [10​6​U$]
CAPEX – variable cpbuilt 0.5 ×0.16×Lp ​
[10​6​U$]
6​
OPEX – fix npop ×0.1 ​[10​ U$/year]
6​
OPEX - variable cpop × Lp ×0.002 ​[10​ U$/year]

Rail filling
station
CAPEX – fix 5 [10​6​U$]
crf built 0.8 ×2[106 U $/year]
CAPEX - variable
6​
OPEX – fix nrf op ×2 ​[10​ U$/year]

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 Where,
c​
pbuilt Pipeline capacity built in period [Mbbl/d]
L​
p Pipeline length [mile]
n​
pop Pipelines to filling stations in operation [#]
c​
pop Pipeline capacity in operation [MMbbl/year]
c​
rfbuilt Rail filling capacity built in period [Mbbl/d]
n​
rfop Rail filling stations in operation [#]

The third mean of transporting the crude oil to the international market is using a pipeline. In this
case a pipeline to the nearest international transportation pipeline and a connection point must also
be constructed. If pipeline capacity has to be increased, a new pipeline and a separate connection
point has to be built. The CAPEX and OPEX functions of these facilities are quite similar to that of the
railway units, however they have significantly higher initial costs. Meanwhile the ​external
transportation cost in case of pipeline transport is ​3 U$/bbl (in excess of the CAPEX and OPEX of the
facilities). One pipeline transportation unit can be built in each period (until reaching the total road
transportation capacity of 500,000 bbl/d) of which the minimal capacity is 1,000 bbl/day while the
maximal capacity is 500,000 bbl/day.

Pipeline
CAPEX - fix 10 [10​6​U$]
CAPEX -
cpbuilt 0.5 ×0.16×Lp ​[10​
6​
U$]
variable
6​
OPEX - fix npop ×0.1 ​[10​ U$/year]
OPEX - variable cpop × Lp ×0.002 ​[10​6​U$/year]

Connection
point
6​
CAPEX - fix 20 [10​ U$]
6​
CAPEX - variable cpbuilt ×3 ​[10​ U$]
ncpop ×0.5 [106 U $/year]
OPEX - fix

OPEX - variable N/A

22
 Where,
c​
pbuilt Pipeline capacity built in period [Mbbl/d]
L​
p Pipeline length [mile]
n​
pop Pipelines to filling stations in operation [#]
c​
pop Pipeline capacity in operation [MMbbl/year]
n​
cpop Connection points in operation [#]

OPEX is incurred from the year the facility is in operation. OPEX is charged at the end of each turn.
Parts of OPEX that not depend on the actual throughput of a unit are paid for all the commissioned
infrastructure irrespective of their utilisation.

It is important to note that:

Construction of facilities takes 1 year (except for oil processing trains). The operation begins in the
year following the construction year.

Facilities operate 300 days a year, taking into consideration the time spent on repair, adjustment and
maintenance.

In case more than one means of transportation is available, oil is transported via the cheapest way. If
the capacity is not enough the rest of the production is transported via other existing means.

23
Other panels and their functionalities

Construction and Production

Construction and Production panel shows the wells and facilities in operation and under construction
and the field’s production performance.

Panel of Construction and Production

24
Financial data

Location of Financial Data of a Field

The panel indicates the main financial results relating to the given license area.

Financial Data of a Field

Repaying credit

In this panel your team can repay from the all existing amounts of credit.
Credit repayment can occur any time when the team wishes, but interest of the credit is subtracted
immediately in the same round the credit is requested.

Location of Credit Repayment

25
 Panel of Credit Repayment

Abandon field

This function shall be used if you want to stop the operation of a field.

Location of Abandone Field

26
 Panel of Abandon Field

You can leave the field by clicking on the ABANDON icon. Note that if you leave a field, you have to
pay 10% of the total CAPEX invested as expense of abandonment, and it cannot be developed later.

Other icons and their functionalities

3D view ​- You can see the 3D photorealistic view of the field in construction and production phase.

Location of the 3D view

27
 3D view of the construction phase

’Map View’ icon navigates back to the locator panel

Commercial Data ​- Pushing the icon of Commercial Data opens a panel with the actual and
forecasted oil prices for 3 years.

Location of Commercial Data

28
Panel of the Commercial Data with the possible range of oil price for 3 years ahead.

29
Financial data of all upstream activity

You can see the aggregated financial data in the screen below.

Location & content of the Financial Data panel

Meaning of the values and how they are calculated:

Revenue:​
​value of the sold CRUDE ​(products’ amount in BBL * actual oil price per BBL)
CAPEX:​
​value of investments ​(expenses of constructions)
OPEX:​
​value of all operational costs

Cash flow from Fields:​​profit level #1 ​(Revenue - CAPEX - OPEX)

Interest (last year):​​cost of credit taken ​(10% of Amount of credit)
Interest (TOTAL):​​sum of interests paid in previous years

30
Cash in hand (last year):​​Real cash ​(Initial cash + TOTAL Cash flow from Fields + Amount of credit -
TOTAL Interest)
Penalty interest (last year):​​if Cash in hand turns to ‘negative’, its cost is ​30% of the negative amount
Penalty interest (TOTAL):​​sum of penalty interest paid in previous years

Result:​
​profit level #2 ​(Cash in hand in the last year - Penalty interest in the last year - Amount of
credit)

Other general information

● All decisions can be modified until turn close

● Decisions on Facilities’ construction can be annulled by setting up the capacity to zero until
turn close. Please note, after the turn close decreasing capacities is not allowed.
● Every decision will be activated after turn close.

Scoring & Ranking

The teams are going to be ranked according to how much cash they have on their account, from
which amount the remaining unpaid credit (Total Credit) is substracted to get the final result. SCORE
depends on the number of teams ranked by RESULT. E.g: If 1000 teams play, the 1st team will earn
999 points (the number of teams they preceded). Decisions made in the final turn (Turn #15) are also
going to be evaluated. The 20 teams with the highest scores at the end of the Online Qualification
are going to be qualified for the second round of the competition, the Semifinal.

The results in the ranking may be distorted due to the non-playing teams. The teams with their initial
results ranked with 3000 MMU$ still haven't made any decision. The non-playing teams are
automatically ranked lower at the end of the game, so they will not count in the final ranking.

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