Professional Documents
Culture Documents
เล่มที่ ๑ เรื่องที่ ๓ ท้องฟ้ากลางคืน
เล่มที่ ๑ เรื่องที่ ๓ ท้องฟ้ากลางคืน
เล่มที่ ๑ เรื่องที่ ๓ ท้องฟ้ากลางคืน
bb d" ~ fi~lGJJ e:J ~@'I 1~ e:J 1Yl ~ ~ U@'I 1r~ bb~ ~ elflUQJ1~ C!jJ e:J ~ ~1~ @'I 11 l Vl11~ b~ e:J
1
1
!IJ ~ 'l ..:!! !IJ !IJ ~ I 'l \1) I.=! G
bb VI~U~e:J~'Yl e:J~ ~ 1 Ub 1~ 1fi ~1~ flU r11'Yl fl~ ~ 1 bbQJ11 ~ b11~ b116J.J QJ ~ bVIU
@'I 1~ @'111111 n~1 £1m e:J ~ bb~ ~ d" ~ ~ '1J d" ~£levU e:J ~qJ U rle:J ~ W1e:J ~qJ ln~ bb~U ln ~
L
mfl~ bb~~n ~~1u 1 e:J ~ ln~111n bVI~ 1UU fl ~1 £Jfia,'1Je:J ~Ud"~~ 1..1uu'Yld"~
!IJ ~ qJ qJ
n~11'Yle:J~~1
-!1
(polestar '11lD Polaris)
dio
rti.RtM.D: '-"""! U.M.t;::l.m M.lllnM.U cs""l U.M.tfl.U rti.RM.rt cs""l U.M.t M.lllM.Ort cs""l U.M.t
~ ..,.. l'tl 1'0 ~ "' "' f> ""' l'tl t;:,. "" l'tl
fl.tHll!LMN!IA.M.fl.llMU.U!t-tMN!JI.I'iUUriM.MI t-LU.ttin M.lllt.IMI M.MLUM.I .M.rtlWt-tM.IIllUU.M.M.M.fl.l
"' • ,. "' p .. I- .. 1- "' Int. t. ~ I. ~ Iii' I~"
l'iuLtn;::~UM.fl.t-Qfl.IOGt-JloUJloH~lMN!IA.rtiWHU. 0~ LM.HM.I Mli.HtlMrtlWt-tM.fl.l Ml M.llJI.I~U!Ullt.l
•• I" Iii' I ~ .. ~ ,. 16 16 ., I~" 16ln .. I"
lMfl.QJI.QtlHIUU.t-LU.rii M.H;::fi.UHGIIllt-HM.GM. GM.HI o~cs M&M;::~u.mtLUMUit-l!HU~
" ii- "" l " (n, 1- ii- · ""'!'P "'"'· "'
(M.fl.MW~) "UJI.rtQGM.t;::M, ltUiltltt~bM.I ;::~IIM.M.tM.I llMU.LGt-tMt-Gn.l'iuttriM.MI
/6 16 "' I I> ~ lo ~ "' lop . "" I" ""
t-LU. Mlt-lltliUMM.t;::M,UU.t-LU.lMfl.GJI.llt-~;::~11 Mlt-lU.rii ,!f:l""t 0 1"'-" = o~cs + ,!f:l""t o"'""l ;::A.tU
161. I> "' "" I< I /6t, l"lrt I>
GM.HIMi!UL~t-lHM.IlMitrtiM.LH Ml t-lltliUGGM.t;::M,UU.t-lU.lMfl.QJI.Ul~ttn.l'iuun;::~nMU.LQt-WM.M.M.t
1i- I I>"" I /6(, I> "' "" I< lj'; I" p "" :; "'
M.t ,!f:l""t 0 '-"""l nu.;::n;::tttfl.ILMt-GU.t-Gn.tMllllM.UM.l!l Ul~MbU.utrtt-LHOQ;::~mMt-GU.t-GJI.MI ~LU
.. I~"""' p 16 t II ""' "'"
Yt-~t~~l
..
~I llMU.LGt-tM ttnlM.Ort Cl>""t U.M.tfl.UrtlJI.HM
~lltp'- (6
M.M.
~
U.tttn.tHll!
rt~ltM.D: ""!""! 't"'l'tlllil;o. ,....,.., l'tl 0
G~HIU~t-LU.f1~ ,!f:l""l
0
1" = o~cs- ,!f:l""t o"'""l ;::A.tUGM.HIMhut~t-LHGtH ~~~ ou:o""l LMt-GU.t-Gn.tMYilM.UM.l!IUl~t-LHU.
... ii- I 1i- I< 16 p 16 I ...
t-M.H11LMM.t M.UilU.IM.GMM.IlMitrtlrtlJI.t-LU.M.MII'iuttn;::~nMU.U!t-tM M. M.lllM.Ort cs""l U.M.tttt •
I 0 lo"' 'j" ... "" 16 "- I" p "" ~ "" t "' (o
t-Gl!t-U.t~lllrttl~UU.t-lU.M.l!lt-ltH;::ttttlMt-GU.ttn.!'iULtri;::~nMU.U!t-t~ M.lllnM.U u:>CI( U.M.UUM.~
:; 16 I 't 16 I lo I< 16 I" p "- "' 't "' 'i>
M.lllM.Ort cs®t U.M.U~HillUt-U.n.U M.lllM.Urt cs""l U.M.tn.U rt~LM.rt cs""l U.M.UltH;::tttl
~ 'fi'DI'O jli'O lili;.. 'tl'tii'D t-- 'tf'Q' .,
UBB"~:y~~~~fiW~LOn~W
-- ~r~~MI ~t
~
e
L.f""B_!.'~~~
,,
'
'
L
,_________.,.- 4
.,""" '
,--- 0 • • _______
~ c!~
6ll'll1l!J'llll
... ., iiqlll!Jll .. c!
6ll'I111!J111fl
.
~.,., iiillll!Jll
~ c!~
61l1111U'llll
...., 11lllfl1J .. c!
6ll'll1l!J111fl
""" flilo1ou ... ., 11lllfl1J
..,., flilo1ou
"" c!~
6ll'll1l!J11ll
.. c!
"""' nil11flu 6ll111l!J111fl
"""' li~ll11fl1J
bo
, , ~ , -!1 ~ cv X cet , ~
'j~1J1J1~fHl1J my lHllli'!Vli'Hl.HJfl'j~lJ~ fllJ'!VIVIl'!VI n£Jfl11 1~fHl1JVI~ (vertical circle)
~ ' ~ ~ ~ tt d ..;. <I Q,l tt ~ '
l ~llllJ'IHJn~ fHllJVI ~ 111i.'llll VI ~in flfllJ 'j ~lll1J'lftl1J l"' 11~ fHllJ 1(1 fl't'l I'll Ull'lflllllfllJ'lf tllJl"'l ll Ufl11
91 Q,l q -!I Q,l t!
HlU'IJllllltl{IVI~VI (parallels of altitude) 1116 tl{ll;JIIflliVIl'j (almucantar)
cvf -q ~
m n VlfiU:ll'lfl! n uu
t Q,l Q,l
.
Q,l tt
flCl1JVI~'Uil~1VIOVIVIfl1J'lfrl1Jl"'l
"
ti"JL'WUDno~vfl
"
.
tl~'l L'VIii. Dit:; tl =j ii
~6l~fl=juonti
L61D'Ufi'Utllti'U
ben
~ ~q 91 0 ...\ c1 cv ~
fl. ~~UU~)tJ1tl 1'lfl'Uflllfll'U1WifH11flUflll1mn'IJtH\?ll11flll~l111'Cl~1\?l\ltl'U "1 lu
Q,l
"'
l ~UU'fl U~
• .It ~-!!
l ~'UlU'Yt'UlJl'U'IJtl~l ~UU'Ufltl l ~'UlU'fl U1 il
.,. "'"" '! d-!!
1~ fl'CllJ'Yt'U!l'UflfHHtl'Uif :W1ll
gJ "' "'""
U'U
91 tt ... "" "'"" <f 91 tt
o " "" I ""
l'IHfl'Cllll'Hl~'Ytl JJlll'll~'UlUtf1U1llfll~l'llflUl~'UlUi'f'UUtf\?lllHl~'Ytl !lUfl11 flllll l'f)U~'IJcH
.. .. 'U 'U
q q.oi <I Go; cv c! --i <f. ' ' Q,l ~ ~ q q<f.
iflUlll (obliquity of the ecliptic) llllty'ClflliW t 'lf~llfiJil'llflU ken ° k~' 'IJ1mtftH'IJtH'flUlll
' 91 ,- q ooi ,- G ~ ~ q q<f., ~ Q,l '..;. o ' ~
tlUU'Uill'U L'lf'Cltf\?ll'lfU'Cllfli'Cltll 'IJ11l1'Utl'IJtl~t'flUlll 'UmHIU'UtlUl'l\?lll!l1'U~ R.A.::::: r;,r::J l'lf'U\?I!ll\?11
'U .. .. 'U
II'Cl~ S == tlo
0
- t (~fllrt~wJlu)
.
ii~L\1oUB'!=it1=5ii