Biogaz in Germany

Biogas in Germany
Markus Ott, Deputy General Manager

German Biogas Association
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
German Biogas Association • Asociación Alemana de Biogas • Société Allemande du Biogaz
Structure of the German Biogas Association
BOARD OF PRESIDENTS HEAD OFFICE

7 MEMBERS
COMMITTEE
SPEAKERS OF REGIONAL GROUPS, REPRESENTATIVES OF OTHER
ORGANISATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS
Approx. 1.900 MEMBERS

OPERATORS ENGINEERS/CONSTRUCTORS PLANNERS
OF BIOGAS PLANTS
ORGANIZED IN 18 REGIONAL GROUPS
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
The German Biogas Companies: Size Distribution
2%
8%
Members of the
German Biogas Ass.
17% Total Number: 220
47%
0,5
1
2-3
4-9
10-25
24%
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Utilization in Germany
BIOGAS
weak cleaning biogas conditioning
100 % reformation compression
pressure
Boiler CHP Fuel Cell
storage
Heat Heat Power Heat Power Fuel / NG Grid

Source: Dr. P. Weiland; FAL Braunschweig, Germany 2001
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Development of Farm Scale Biogas in Germany
3000 600
number of plants
2500 500
total installed electric power [MW]

installed electric power [MW]
2000 400
number of plants
1500 300
1000 200
500 100
0 0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
(estimated)
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Potential of Biogas in Germany
liquid manure, Organic waste energy crops from

litter, dung in total farmland
(i.e. food industry)
190 Mio. t 25 Mio. t 50 Mio. T up to…
theoretic yield of biogas
5,1 bill. m3 2,6 bill. m³ > 25 bill. m³
Technical usable amount 80 %
> 25 bill. m³ biogas
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Electricity from Biomass by Anaerobic Digestion
A rough impression:
1 ha maize = ab. 50 t = 2 – 2.5 kWel.
1 ha corn = ab. 12 t = 1.5 – 1.8 kWel.
1 ha grass = ab. 25 t = 0.8 – 1.2kWel.
1 cow = = 0.2 kWel.
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Fixed Price System for Biogas Electricity
average power guaranteed fixed price [€Ct / kWh el.]
Basic price Bonus for Bonus for

agricultural plants heat usage
i.e. using using just manure,
waste energy crops
0 – 150 kW 11,5 +6 +2
150 - 500 kW 9,9 +6 +2
500 - 5.000 kW 8,9 +6 +2

> 5.000 8,4 +6 +2
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Reason for the Boom: The New Renewable Energy Law
• grid priority for “renewable electricity”
• fixed prices, guaranteed for a period of 20 years
• cost orientation of the fixed prices

- different price levels for different biomass
Æ organic waste
Æ energy crops (agricultural plants)
• efficiency: - feed-in prices are determined only by the

really fed in electrical work kWh
- annual digression for new plants (1.5%)
- incentives for new technologies and heat usage
Æ bonus system
• strengthening of the plant operator in the situation of

contracts with the energy suppliers / grid providers
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Agricultural Biogas Plants: Input Biomass (add. to Manure)
80
70
F requency [% ]
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
t r
ai
s e z Fe
t i tt ke st
e ln e
m i al g p ut h n o l
r e ff e a ss
lo ss us
c M
se to
Si a a ns i ar W
Gr id
e
as
e
Sp
e K
t re R
Ge
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Typical Plant: Mixed Vessel Type Digester
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Plug Flow Type Digester
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Using energy crops: new skills are necessary.
New technical and biological solutions are demanded:

Structured / fibrous input material as energy crops
Æ High dry matter content

Æ Mechanical aspect: floating and separating effects
Æ biological aspect: high „space loading“ could destabilise
the process
Æ both: behaviour in the biological process
ÆMinimal process energy for agitating systems and biomass handling.

ÆMaximum process stability should be reached.
ÆElimination of sediments.
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Technical Know-how: Optimised Agitating systems
Rotation momentum
20.000 Nm
High space loading
12 kg D.M./(m³*d)
18% average D.M.
process energy:
1,5 kW for 400m³
Fachverband just 50% as usual
Biogas e.V.
Technical Know-how: Biomass Handling
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Biogas Plant Just Run by Energy Crops
- St. Veit (Austria)

- 65 t maize per day
- 1.000 kW el.
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Technical Know-how: Modularisation
¾ Farm scale biogas plant
¾ 180 kW el.
¾ 12.000 m³ cow manure

energy crops
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Modular Biogas Plants
¾ High technical and biological efficiency,

also for small plants
¾ Modular systems for optimization of costs and

efficiency
¾ Export
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
German Container Plant in Japan
¾ 40 kW el.
¾ Waste from restaurants
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Economical Know-how : Operational Factors are Key Factors
positive negative
feed-in price Ct/kWh 16,3 16,3
inst. power kW 350 350
specif. invest €/kW 3.000 3.000
total invest € 1.050.000 1.050.000
€/a 105.000 105.000
max. power operation h 8.000 6.000
produced electricity kWh 2.800.000 2.100.000
€/a 456.400 342.300
energetical share of energy c% 80% 80%
costs for input €/kWh 0,035 0,070
€/a 78.400 117.600
maintenance costs €/kWh 0,015 0,035
€/a 42.000 73.500
annual profit € 231.000 46.200
difference € -184.800
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Optimised Input Handling
Solid input
Main Post
Liquid input
digester digester
Output
storage
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Typical Farm Scale Biogas Plant
realised production of electricity

100%
96%
85%
80%
68%
60%
58%
MW h
40%
27%
20%
0%
Aug.-Dez.2000 Jan.-Dez.2001 Jan.-Dez.2002 Jan.-Dez.2003 Jan.-Dez.2004
Jahresauslastung
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Biogas as an Industry
2005 2020
Installed power 430 MW 10.000 MW
Electricity from biogas 2,8 TWh/a 76 TWh/a

Share of total electr. prod. 17 %
0.5 %
In comp. to nuclear prod. > 50 %
Turn Around Constructors 490 Mio EUR 7,600 Mio EUR
Turn Around Operators 360 Mio EUR 11,100 Mio EUR
Share of Export 8% 30%
Job effect 5,000 85,000
CO2 Emission Reduction* 4 Mio t/a 103 Mio t/a
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Relation: Agricultural Production in 2003 (bill. €)
11.1 bill. €
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Export
1. Just now, the German companies focus on the German

market. In the next few years the role of the export market
will increase.
2. There are different possibilities of export business:
- know-how (feasibilities, project development)

- components (CHPS, Gas Analysers, Controlling units,
biomass handling systems)
- construction (licensing / sales contracts, joint ventures,
branch companies)
3. Important : - appropriate partner companies

- long term stability of conditions
- public grants for the first projects
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Next Steps in Research and Development
• Farming solutions for biogas: i.e. multi cropping
• Further automisation and operation controlling
• Biotechnological process optimisation
• Biogas cleaning
• Optimal biogas usage / logistics of biogas usage:
Æ micro gas turbine

Æ fuel cells
Æ biogas as a fuel
Æ feeding biogas into the natural gas grid
Æ production of peak electricity
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
R & D: Optimised Energy Crops for Biogas Production
EBA
3,2 m
250 330
270 450 450 270 380 550
450
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Future: Peak Electricity from Biogas
Prices at Leipziger Strombörse

August 2003
price for peak electricity:

2 € / kWh
biogas don grant´t need
any grants
Future biogas plants will just

provide peak capacity
Æ Virtual Power Plants
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.
Conclusions
1. Digestion of animal farming residues and organic waste is state

of the art. Energy crops are the main potential for biogas. The
latest German legislation has made this potential accessible.
2. The market in Germany is growing fast.

According to this, know-how and technology are growing, too.
3. The related activities in research and development will enhance

the strong position of German companies.
4. In 2020 the export volume could be 30% of the total biogas

engineering market in Germany.
5. The remaining risk is the dependency from the legislation until

new ways for biogas usage have been developed.
Fachverband
Biogas e.V.

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Biogas in Germany

Markus Ott, Deputy General Manager

BOARD OF PRESIDENTS HEAD OFFICE

Approx. 1.900 MEMBERS

ORGANIZED IN 18 REGIONAL GROUPS

weak cleaning biogas conditioning

100 % reformation compression

Heat Heat Power Heat Power Fuel / NG Grid

total installed electric power [MW]

liquid manure, Organic waste energy crops from

theoretic yield of biogas

5,1 bill. m3 2,6 bill. m³ > 25 bill. m³

Technical usable amount 80 %

> 25 bill. m³ biogas

1 ha maize = ab. 50 t = 2 – 2.5 kWel.

1 ha corn = ab. 12 t = 1.5 – 1.8 kWel.

1 ha grass = ab. 25 t = 0.8 – 1.2kWel.

1 cow = = 0.2 kWel.

average power guaranteed fixed price [€Ct / kWh el.]

Basic price Bonus for Bonus for

150 - 500 kW 9,9 +6 +2

500 - 5.000 kW 8,9 +6 +2

• grid priority for “renewable electricity”

• fixed prices, guaranteed for a period of 20 years

• cost orientation of the fixed prices

• efficiency: - feed-in prices are determined only by the

• strengthening of the plant operator in the situation of

New technical and biological solutions are demanded:

Æ High dry matter content

ÆMinimal process energy for agitating systems and biomass handling.

- St. Veit (Austria)

¾ Farm scale biogas plant

¾ 12.000 m³ cow manure

¾ High technical and biological efficiency,

¾ Modular systems for optimization of costs and

¾ Waste from restaurants

realised production of electricity

Electricity from biogas 2,8 TWh/a 76 TWh/a

Turn Around Operators 360 Mio EUR 11,100 Mio EUR

Share of Export 8% 30%

Job effect 5,000 85,000

CO2 Emission Reduction* 4 Mio t/a 103 Mio t/a

1. Just now, the German companies focus on the German

2. There are different possibilities of export business:

- know-how (feasibilities, project development)

3. Important : - appropriate partner companies

• Farming solutions for biogas: i.e. multi cropping

• Further automisation and operation controlling

• Biotechnological process optimisation

• Optimal biogas usage / logistics of biogas usage:

Æ micro gas turbine

Prices at Leipziger Strombörse

price for peak electricity:

Future biogas plants will just

Æ Virtual Power Plants

1. Digestion of animal farming residues and organic waste is state

2. The market in Germany is growing fast.

3. The related activities in research and development will enhance