Wireless Tech Express 2018Better Documentation Better Communication1 05 12 7 20 23 24 7 29 32 37 39 41 44 49 51 55 58 61 64 67 co) 72 14 78 84 88 92 95 98 SRAN CloudaIR GU@5 MHz GSM and LTE Spectrum Concurrency Cloud BB LTE Multiple-Antenna Solutions TM (Transmission Mode 9) Massive MIMO D-MIMO (Distributed Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) Beamforming NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication) Carrier Aggregation Video Experience Optimization Air Interface Technologies for VoLTE WTTx (Wireless to the x) LiTRA (LTE integrated Trunked Radio) ‘SFN (Single Frequency Network) ‘Access Class Control CSFB (Circuit Switched Fallback) Mobility Management in Connected Mode MLB (Mobility Load Balancing) ULCoMP (Uplink Coordinated Multipoint Reception) CSPC (Coordinated Scheduling-based Power Control) DRX and Signaling Control CPRI Compression UMTS U900 & U850 Networking Solution UMTS Multi-Sector Solution UMTS 4T Beam Optimization Machine Learning based Scheduling Machine Learning based PCPICH Power Optimization100 105 108 12 116 120 123 127 129 131 134 137 140 143 146 151 154 157 161 GSM GSM Modernization Solution Universal Service Solution SingleSite RuralStar Solution TubeStar Solution Small Cell ‘Small Cell Introduction LampsSite Pro Solution LampSite Sharing Solution LampSite Products — Solution for Outdoor Residential Areas Cellular/Wi-Fi Convergence Licensed Assisted Access Base Station Cabinet BBU Easy Macro2.0 (AAUS940) BBU Interconnection CPRI Solution Controller RNC Modernization Differences Between BSC6910 and BSC6900 Oss Overview of the OSS Virtualization Solution Overview of the mAOS (mobile Agile Operation for Service)CloudAIR This technical poster provides only a general overview and does not constitute any offers or commitments, For detailed Information, see the product or fealure documentation delivered with the software, CloudAIR Ell concept & value CloudAIR maximizes the sharing of air interface resources through spectrum, power, and channel cloudification. Power cloudification (dynamic power sharing) ‘Improves coverage and system capacity. }* Enables on-demand power allocation, maximizing power usage. Spectrum cloudification (dynamic spectrum sharing) ‘© Maximizes spectrum utilization, saving permet ‘spectrum investment. Channel cloudification = Quickly ushers in a new RAT, and allows. riled chineatal eal) for smooth exitof the old RAT. «High and low-band coordination empowers high bands. CloudAIR Feature Package Panorama @ @® @® Spectrum cloudification Power cloudification Channel cloudification GUspectrum UL spectrum Power shating package Channel shering package sharing package sharing package * UL power sharing * LTE spectrum coordination + cu@smnte + UL spectrum +L power sharing GL spectrum seg sharing package * GL spectrum ceaneunency SRAN /01Spectrum Cloudification Unlike the exclusive use of spectrum by a single RAT in traditonal scenarios, spectrum cloudification allows for spectrum sharing between different RATS. Traditional scenarios RATA RAT-2 RAT-1 Each RAT exclusively occupies a spectrum bandwidth, GU@5 MHz This feature allows GSM and UMTS networks to be co-deployed on § MHz spectrum through dynar sharing of a portion of spectrum ‘Traditional scenarios ‘© UMTS requires a § MHz standard bandwidth, and GSM requires af loast a 2.4 MHz bandwidth, The co-depoymant ‘of GSM and UMTS networks requires a minimum of 7.4 WH bandwidth. ‘* Aguerd band must be configured between GSM and UMTS, and the guard bane resources canno! be allocated to UES, Minimum 7.4 MHz bandwidth (} teow = a GL Spectrum Concurrency Ul => Ml Dynamic spectrum sharing scer Bae Aee RAT-1&2 RAT-2 RAT-1&2 ‘Two RATs share the same ‘spectrum bandwith. GU@s MHz ‘© GSM dynamically shares a portion of UMTS spectrum. GSM and UMTS networks only require 5 MHz spectrum since the maximum allowance for shared spectrum Is 2.4 MHz. ‘+ The guard band resources between GSM and UMTS can be allocated to GSM MSs. Minimum 5 MHz bandwidth Dynamic sharing This feature allows LTE and GSM networks to be co-deployed on a minimum of 6.2 MHz spectrum through dynamic sharing of a portion of spectrum, ‘Traditional scenarios «LTE requires a5 MHz standard bandwidth, and GSM requires at least a 2.4 MHz bandwidth, The co-depoyment ‘of GSM and LTE networks requires a minimum of 7.4 MHZ bandwidth, '* Aqguerd band must be configured betwoen GSM and LTE, and the guard bane resources cannot be allocated to UES, Minimum 7.4 MHz bandwidth it Te Yosh uy : pan ard band 02/'SRAN GL spectrum concurrency ‘© LTE requires a minimum of 5 MHz standard bandwith GSM exclusively uses @ 1.2 MHz bandwicth and dynamically shares another 1.2 NHz bandwidth with LTE. Aminimum of 6.2 MHz bandwidth is required for GSM and LTE co-deploymont. ‘* The guard band resources between GSM and LTE. can be allocated to GSM Mss. Minimum 6.2 MHz bandwidth Dynamic le sharing a es b— LTE 5 MHz—4 tesut tesmtThis feature currently supports LTE standard bandwidths: 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz. The minimum total bandwidths required in these scenarios are 6.2 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz, respectively. The minimum shared bandwidths in these scenarios are 1.2 MHz, 4.4 MHz, 5 MHz, and 5 MHz, respectively. UL Spectrum Sharing This feature allows LTE and UMTS networks to be co-deployed on a minimum of 8.4 MHz spectrum through static sharing of a portion of spectrum. ‘Traditional scenarios UL spectrum sharing © LTE and UMTS require a minimum of 5 Metz standard ‘* LTE statically shares a portion of UMTS spectrum. bandwidth, respectively. The co-deployment of UMTS and ‘The co-deployment of UMTS ané LTE networks LTE networks requires a minimum of 10 MHz continuous only requires 84 MHz spectrum since the maximum bandwidth allowance for shared spectrum is 1.6 MHz ‘* Aguard band must be configured between UMTS and LTE, _» The guard band resources between UMTS and LTE and the guard band resources cannot be allocated to UES, can be allocated to LTE UES, Minimum 10 MHz bandwidth Minimum 8.4 MHz bandwidth Power Cloudification Power cloudification enables dynamic power sharing between LTE carriers or between UMTS and LTE. The following figure illustrates the dynamic power sharing between UMTS and LTE. Static power configuration (traditional scenarios) Dynamic power sharing between UMTS and LTE ae oS a2 ga SE + + Car UMTS Th Cloudification UMTS LE power power power power UMTS ue power power F Total power ‘configuration ‘configuration “Sufficient UE power $B. insuticient UE power Channel Cloudification LTE Spectrum Coordination This feature mainly appies to cell-edge CA UEs using high-band carriers as the PCC. When the UL coverage is restricted, an original low-band SCC serves as the new PCC, and the original PCC is configured as a new SCC. This allows call-edge CA UEs to simultaneously have the wide coverage capabilities of low frequencies in the uplink and wide bandwidth of high frequencies in the downlink. The following illustrates LTE spectrum coordination based on cell-edge CA UEs using the 2600 MHz PCC and 850 MHz SCC. SRAN /03‘Traditional scenarios Spectrum coordination 2600 MHz/850 MHz. 2600 MHz/850 MHz BWV rs UL: 2600 MHz UL: 850 MHz DL: 2600 MHz/850 MHz DL: 2600 MHz/850 MHz © 2600 Miz uplink coverage © 2600 MHe downlink coverage 850 MHz coverage CloudAIR Features & Feature Documentation The following table lists the commercial CioudAIR features and related feature parameter description documents. ay eee cu GBFD-191205 GU@SMHz Joint Scheduling GU@SMbz Joint Scheduling Feature spectrum Parameter Description sharing WRFD-191209 GU@5 MHz Phase 1 GU@S Miz Feature Parameter Description WRFD-19120901 Uplink Super Narrowband Filter WRFD-19120902 Downlink Adaptive Band-Pass Fiter WRFO-19120903 UMTS Target RoT Adjustment Based on GSM Rade Quality WRFO-200201 GU@S MHz Phase 2 68F0-201201 1 2 Mle Netwonkng for BCCH TRXs 12 Wz Netw fr BCOH TRXS Tater eens a MWRFD-130201 GSM and LTE Spectrum Concieney(SM) GSM andLTE Spectrum Concurency oe Fann ratiee vswben pest yar. t0zzt Gs nd LE Spectun Concureoy (CTE FDO} MRFD-131201 GSM and LTE Spectrum Conourency Phase 2(GSM) MRFD-131227 GSM and LTE Spectrum Concurrency Phase nurereD) a Fcayanis a eeiie eaT sare TE UMeRLC aaa ace Feature Paraete Deslpton peg [roemesrareare oe meri) UL MRFD-131212 UMTS and LTE Dynamic Power Shang (UMTS) UMTS and LTE Dynamic Power Sharing Rewer F-11222 UMTS end LTE Dynamic Power Staring «cre Fea Paar Descnton PDD) uw LCOFD-ASt9H1 Cros LTE Caries Dynamic Power Sarna Dynan Power Sharing Between LTE power TEED) eeratt rocare ruber ee gton sharing TDLCOFD-131311 Cross LTE Carers Dynamic Power Sharing trewwo LTE __LCOFD-191912 TE Spectum Coortnaton (TE FOD} LTE Specrum Coordination Featire seca Prone bacwien Geordination TOLCOFD-131312 LTE Spectrum Coordination (LTE TDD) Glossary CA cartier agcregation Ven rs Copyright © Huawel Tecinoogies Co, Li. 2018, Al rights reserved, 04/'SRANThis technical poster provides only a general overview and does not constitute any offers or commitments. For detailed Information, see the product or feature documentation delivered with the software. GU@5 Mbz refers to co-deployment of GSM and UMTS networks on the spectrum with a minimum bandwidth of 5 MHz. This solution boosts UMTS network capacity without compromising GSM network performance. ES) Saving Spectrum Protecting GSM Car LE Boas DSU ue peak Lue ed Reduce the minimum spectrum Guarantee siable performance Increase the rate of data services bbandweth required for co-deployment in f ‘and improve user experience (of GSN ang UMTS notworks to 5 MHZ Snd-gepeely for CEM nomrorts ate “ £ FY, Scenario 1: 5-6 MHz Bandwidth Operators have purchased continuous spectrum with the bandwidth of 5-6 MHz and desire to deploy GSM $1/1/1 + 1 UMTS cartier. oat osu cn q vn SMHE 0 —————+ Scenario 2: 6.2-8.6 MHz Bandwidth Operators have purchased continuous spectrum with the bandwidth of 6.28.6 MHz and desire to deploy GSM $2/212 to $4/4/4 + 1 UMTS carrier. su rYYYy uMTs —————_ 5 > 62MHz, + SRAN /05Scenario 3: Bandwidth Beyond 8.8 MHz Operators nave purchased continuous spectrum with the bandwidth higher than 8.8 MHz and desire to deploy GSM S1/1/1 to S4/4/4 + 2 UMTS cartiors. sm osm csM || MHz 5MHz_——__— 88. M2, —————+ Key Features ‘Sharing the 5 MHz spectrum between GSM and UMTS networks increases inter-RAT interference between NodeBs and MSs and between BTSs and UEs. SS Signal ---> Interference UMTS UE ‘The following table lists key features used in the GU@5 MHz solution to minimize such inter-RAT interference. Eee Se LS a CD Id *WRFD-19120901 Uplink Super Narrowband Filter Interference from *WRFD-150206 Turbo IC Qo MSs to NodeBs “UPliNk adaptive band-pass filter GBFD-117602 Active Power Control function in the WRFD-200201 GU@5 MHz Phase 2 feature © GU O buffer zone function WRFD-19120903 UMTS Target +GBFD-191201 Uplink CoMP (Joint RX) RoT Adjustment Based on GSM + GBFD-160202 MICC Gi Radio Quality + GBFD-191205 GU@SMHz Joint Scheduling UEs to BTSs *WRFD-19120902 Downlink Adaptive Band-Pass Fitter »Downlink adaptive band-pass filter optimization function in the @) \Neccrevan WRFD 20020" GU@5 MHz GBFD-191205 GU@SMHz Joint Scheduling Phase 2 feature “Auto Configuration of Downlink Adaptive Band-Pass Fitter *GU0 buffer zone function *GBFD-111609 Enhanced BCCH Power UMTS Cells wits Max. TX Consumption Optimization © Befeence trem power 3 dB Hicherthan That «GBFD-181204Inteligent BCCH Interference of GSM Cols ‘Suppression (IE1S) *GBFD-117602 Active Power Contro| 06/SRANKey Technologies ~++---+-------@) Mitigating Interference from MSs to NodeBs --- El) wrr-19120901 Uplink Super Narrowband Filter The NodeBs use super narrowband fiters to fiter uplink GSM signals in the shared spectrum, mitigating interference from MSs. ‘Super narrowbane fier i wrrp-150206 Turbo IC ‘This feature enhances the interference cancellation efficiency on the E-DPDGH, effectively mitigating interference between users and significantly improving uplink UMTS capacity. Received signals demodulation UE2 UE2 demodulation ” regeneration (jue 2 Uplink adaptive band-pass filter optimization function in the WRFD-200201 GU@5 MHz Phase 2 feature Compared with WRFD-19120901 Uplink Super Narrowband Filter, the uplink adaptive band-pass filter function in the WRFD-200201 GU@S MHz Phase 2 feature can adaptively adjust the position and bandwidth of the fiter based on the GSM-to-UMTS interference strength, improving the uplink capacity for UMTS cells. Uplink Super Narrowband Filter CSM Fixed bandwidt fitering GSM GSM GSM 7 flim 7 m >———_—_<—<_ ay GU@SIEHe and SMH UMTS calle GBFD-117602 Active Power Control ‘The BSC controls the TX power of MSs and BTSs within a proper range, mitigating GSN-to-UMTS interference in the uplink and downlink With feature deactivated: The MS ané BTSs transmit With festure activated: The MSs and BTSs transmit signals a full power, causing strong interference signals atthe proper power, causing ess interfrence, 0 u i u GsMMS UMTS UE BTS GSMS UMTS UE @ Mitigating Interference from UEs to BTSs - Go WRFD-19120903 UMTS Target RoT Adjustment Based on GSM Radio Quality Interference from UEs to BTSs increases with uplink load in UMTS cells. This feature allows the RNC to adaptively adjust the uplink target RoT based on GSM radio quality, mitigating interference from UEs to BTSs. ‘Adaptively agjust the target RoT in UMTS colls AM. fo wes UIT GBFD-191201 Uplink CoMP (Joint RX) ‘The BSC combines uplink signals received in two cells and then decodes these signals, reducing the number of error bits. GsM Uplink ComP. a @ Bh, » @ ty 7 esc wm Erorbt 1 Comactit =} 4 | 08/'SRANGBFD-160202 MICC MICC uses multi-sampled points, extended pilot, virtual multi-antenna, and decoding feedback techniques to accurately evaluate interference in multiple dimensions. This significantly improves evaluation accuracy, thereby minimizing interference. Equalization Is and decoding —> — decorting X28, Pecnded processing correct? No. Re-encoding by the BTS Decoded bit ‘© Mult-sampied points: more accurate interterence estimation because of double samples points = Extended pilots: more accurate interference estimation and equalization Re-encoded bit ‘= Virtual muii-antonna conversion: bettar interference cancellation by virtualizing two antennas as four antennas. ‘© Decoding feedback re-encodiing incorrectly decoded bits GBFD-191205 GU@5MHz Joint Scheduling Based on the uplink interference information and channel occupation information sent from the BSC, the RNC adjusts the target RoT and performs adaptive band-pass filtering, ensuring stable uplink and downlink performance on GSM networks. GsM uMTs BTSs RNG Report uplink interference level , UNTS target ROT adjustment lug interface based on GSM radio quality lur-g interface Adaptive band-pass filtering @ Mitigating interference from NodeBs to MSs Gl wrrp-19120902 Downlink Adaptive Band-Pass Filter ‘The NodeBs adaptively adjust the status of downlink band-pass fiters based on the timeslot usage of GSM services, mitigating interference to MSs and improving downlink UMTS throughput. ‘Comb titers ET yer\\ \ 5 MHz SRAN /09Downlink Adaptive Band-Pass Filter Optimization in the WRFD-200201 GU@5 MHz Phase 2 feature ‘Compared with WRFD-19120902 Downlink Adaptive Band-Pass Filter, tho downlink adaptive band-pass filter optimization function in the WRFD-200201 GU@S MHz Phase 2 feature can minimize the signal loss of filtering in the frequency band spaced over 1.9 MHz from the UMTS center frequency, drastically improving the quality of signals received by the UE and increasing the downlink UMTS cell capacity. Peano) BED bE EM man Downlink adaptive band poss iter Doni adaptive andes tr opinion 10 poe nef omgras busy channels busy channets “—— 3.8MH2 Fix Filter. ——» 3.8 MHz Fix Fiter. ——! p 5MHz 5 Maz Cl ums signal 1 esMsignal idle Occupies Auto Configuration of Downlink Adaptive Band-Pass Filter (On GU@S MHz networks, downlink adaptive band-pass filters are required to mitigate UMTS-to-GSM interference in the downlink because some GSM frequencies overlap with UMTS frequencies. Therefore, it is essential to figure out the interforence matrix betwoon the GSM and UMTS calls and identify tho GSM frequencies ‘o be filtered out. ‘As shown in the following figure, based on measurement reports from the MS, the auto configuration of downlink adaptive band-pass filter function enables the RNC to automatically identify that GSM cells 1, 2, and 3 experience interference from the UMTS cell, and filtering is required. This function simplifies the configuration operation and improves the efficiency of network O&M @) @ i UMTS cot Yoaterterence GSMcell GSM cell «) S irtrtorence «) i GSM coll 2 GeMend == Coll experiencing intererence = Colis not experiencing interference © Mitigating interference from BTSs to UEs - UMTS Cells with Max. TX Power 3 dB Higher than That of GSM Cells. This function mitigates downlink interference from BTSs to UES. &® Gsm 10/SRANGBFD-111609 Enhanced BCCH Power Consumption Optimization This feature reduces the transmit power of non-BCCH timeslots on the BCCH TRX, mitigating downlink interference from BTSs to UEs. ‘with feature deactivated: Non-BCCH timesiots on tne With feature acivated: Differentiated processing Is used BCCH TRX, either idle or occupied, transmit at full {for nor-BCCH timeslots on the BCCH TRX based on their power. state. Output power Output power For idle timeslots: Reduce the transmit power. For occupied timeslots: CCH TRX timesio! 01234567 Ere CCH TRX timeslot GBFD-181204 Intelligent BCCH Interference Suppression (IBIS) IBIS, an interference suppression technique, adjusts the modulation mode for signals transmitted over dummy timeslots on the BCCH TRX. This feature enhances MS suppression of downlink interference, improving the downlink receive quality for voice services. vin tecture «) Dummy data blocks q deacivated AL oa@e@eooe U0 (1 GMsk modulation Dummy data blocks With feature activated } [1 GMSK modulation [] Adjusted modulation : Glossary BCCH Broadcast Control Channel MICC Multidimensional Interference Cancellation Combining IBIS intoligent BCCH intererence Suppression ROT Rise over Thermal Veo, ry Copyright © Huawel Tecinologies Co, Lid. 2018, Al righis reserved, Ane SRAN /11GSM and LTE Spectrum Concurren &y ical pester provides only a gereral overview and does not constitute any affers or commitments. For detailed information, see the product or feature documentation delivered with the software, Background GSM occupies some of LTE network capacity and GSM spectral efficiency is the most valuable spectrum coverage requirements are__ only one tenth that of LTE, resources i and GSM features alow ARPU. Concept GSM and LTE Spectrum Concurrency is a CloudAIR spectrum cloudifcation feature. It enables GSM and LTE to be deployed on the same spectrum band, and allows these two RATs to dynamically share a part of this band in real time besed on the GSM traffic volume. This maximizes the spectral efficiency and accelerates the development of commercial LTE networks. Real-time and dynamic sharing of a part of spectrum between GSM and LTE based on the GSM traffic volume EBV Occupied by GSM Not occupied ii byGsm. Shared spectrum Shared spectrum 12/SRANApplication Scen: ite) New LTE networks GSM networks occupy operators’ entire spectrum resources. Operators plan to retain the existing GSM networks and deploy new LTE networks. Newly deployed LTE LTE capacity expansion Both GSM and LTE networks have been deployed. Operators plan to retain the existing GSM networks and increase the LTE bandwidth to improve capacity. sm Le cs LTE capacity expansion Sharing Specifications and Benefits GSM and LTE Spectrum Concurrency applies to frequency bands 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 1900 MHz. The GSM bandwidt must be at least 2.4 MHz, and the supported LTE bandwidths are 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz. The function difference between phase 1 and phase 2 les in the maximum sharable amount of spectrum. The following table describes the sharing specifications and maximum capacty gains compared with an LTE network using the adjacent lower bandwidth in different spectrum conditions. Spectrum | LTE eo eso somata Requirement | Bandwidth | Spectrum Supported by| Spectrum Supported by] Capacity Gain egal eee) 62MHes 83% Total bendwidth SMHz 1.2 MHz. 1.2MHz {Compared with a 3 MHz < 10. Miz LTE network) tO MHe 120% Total bandwidth 10 MHz 2.4 MHz 4.4 MHz (Compared with a 5 MHz < 15 Miz LTE network) 18 MHizs 65% Tolal bandwidth 45MHz 3.0 MHz. 5.0 MHz {Compared with 2 10 MHz <2) MHz LTE network) 47% Total bandwidth ; = 20MHe 20MHz 4.0 MHz 5.0 MHz {Compared with a 15 MHz LTE network) The following illustrates the four LTE bandwidth scenerios of GSM and LTE Spectrum Concurrency Phase 2 based on the assumption that the lowest spectrum requirements are met. SRAN /13Scenario 1: 5 MHz LTE bandwidth Maximum shared spectrum Supported by LTE: A= 5 = 1.2 Mbtz Continuous spectrum of 5 MHz Total spectrum of 6.2 MHz Scenario 2: 10 MHz LTE bandwidth Maximum shared spectrum ‘supported by LTE: A+ B= 4.4 MHz Continuous spectrum of 10 MHz ‘Scenario 3: 15 MHz LTE bandwidth Maximum shared spectrum supported by LTE: A+ B= 5 MHz Continuous spectrum of 15 MHz ‘Scenario 4: 20 MHz LTE bandwidth Maximum shared spectrum supported by LTE: A= B= 5 MHz Continuous spectrum of 20 MHz 14/ SRAN Capacity improved by 83% 3MHz 5 MHz Capacity improved by 120% Maximum in —_> = 5MHz 10. MHz Capacity improved by 65% 10 Wie 15 Miz Capacity improved by 47% Maximum = gain = 15 MHz 20 MHzLOM oil: hg {J Transmission multiplexing and hardware reuse Abis interface multiplexing: A BE interface is introduced between the BSC and eNodeB. The BE interface consists of the two paris listed below. + Abis interface between the BSC and BTS of the multimode base station + Intemal interface between the BTS and eNodeb of the multimode base stalion The transmission resources over the Abis interface are multiplexed for the communication between the BSC and eNodeB. BSC hardware reuse: The BSC implements fast resource coordination without the need for new NEs or hardware resources. ( ) A Muitimode base station —— Physical transmission E interface} | = = = Internal interconnection eats os sternal interconnecti Original logical tink seeeee New logical link esc Resource scheduling GSM and LTE jointly schedule the shared spectrum. This feature allows the shared spectrum to be preferentially used for GSM users ( A Multimode base station GSM and LTE joint scheduling When LTE uses the shared spectrum, physical channel resource management is performed to further improve LTE network performance. Control channel transmit ‘Accurate PCI planning ower or aggregation Preferential schedi level boosting qa S$ 2B LTE users preferentially Avoids POFICH and Improves ine quatty ana EReWeS Troe PHICH performance loss. performance of PDCCHS, toss of PDSGs, PUCCHs, PUSCHs, SRSs, and PRACHS, SRAN /15Interference coordination The BSC calculates the interference from LTE to GSM users in real time, and determines whether the interference from LTE to GSM users is acceptable. Bsc A Multimode base station A Multimode base station If the interference level is acceptable, If the interference level is unacceptable, the BSC instructs the eNodeB to use the the BSC instructs the eNodeB not to use the shared spectrum. shared spectrum. LTE users can use the LTE users cannot use the shared spectrum. shared spectrum. Glossary ARPU average revenue per user PCI physical cellidentier PCFICH physical control format indcator channel PHICH piysical HARG indicator channel PDCCH physical downlin« control channel PDSCH physical downlink sharec channel PUGGH physical upink control channel PUSCH chysical unlink shared channel SRS sounding reference signal PRACH physical random access channel Ven ry Copyright © Huawel Tecinoiogies Co, Li. 2018. Al rights reserved, 16/SRANCloud BB ‘This technical poster provides only a general overview and does not constitute any offers or commitments. For detalled information, see the product er feature documentation delivered with the software What Is Cloud BB Why Cloud BB Cloud BB not enabled UEs experience interference at the borders of inter-eNodeB cells and user experience deteriorates. ‘® all> Interference area between cells Cloud BB enabled Inter-eNadeB cell coordination improves user experience. Cloud BB enables cell coordination between eNodeBs. «G ») « ) Cells ere coordinated not just under an eNodeB but cell dares mule eNodeds Ay costinaion AX Overview of Cloud BB Cloud 88 (ideal backhaul) Advantage: The 6X2 interface is sei up on a dedicated transmission link BBUs connect to USU3910 modules _(BBUs are interconnected using USUs), decreasing tansmission del using optical fibers. Increasing bandwidth, and faciltating inler-eNodeB call coordination. Disadvantage: USUs and optical fibers must be installed. ®@ @ @ @ @ Cloud BB (relaxed backhaul} Advantage: No eX2 dedicated transport network is required. 'BEUs ere Inberconnectod throuph, Disadvantage: Much lice the X2 interface, the transport network for the the IP RAN. @X2 interface still uses Ethernet connections on the eNodeBs transmission boards. These connections can increase delay and decrease bandwidih. Cloud BB (Ideal Backhaul) (Delay Between eNodeBs < 130 us) Centralized Cloud BB | Distributed Cloud BB usu 20 usu 21 usu 20 Second:-aval Secondtevel usu usu usu usu 11 usuo usu 5 Firstlaval rstiovel usu oe usu s [ }-f JC }-f ] [ }-£ JE }-f ] BBUO BBU4 BBUSS BBUSS BBUO BBU49 «©BBU250 © BBU 299. Maximum Configuration USU: A maximum of wo secord:-level USUs and 12 frstlevel USUS ‘an be configurad. Amaxinium of sic frst level USUS can cornectto a second-level USU, 'BBU: A maximum of 60 B3Us can bo configured. Amaxmum of fvo, BBUs (FDD) of 10 BBUs (TDD) can connect toa fistievel USU. | Maximum Configuration USU: A maximum cf one second-level USU and s fs-evel USUs ‘can be configured BBU: A maximum of 300 BBUS can be configured. A maximum ‘of 80 BBUS can connectto a fstievel USU. SRAN /17Cloud BB (Relaxed Backhaul) (Delay Between eNodeBs < 4 ms) === Transport network for the ST and X2 interfaces The eX2 interface uses the same transport network as the $1 and X2 interfaces. No eX2 transport rretwork is required. Cloud BB-based Features UL CoMP Based on Coordinated eNodeB Inter-eNodeB VoLTE CoMP (FDD) Frey Fre dueny oe requency Frequey e 4 ney as va ‘The uplink joint receiving scope is expanded from intra-eNodeB cells to inter-eNodeB cells. SFN Based on Coordinated eNodeB [WJ Inter-eNodeB CA & Qa FL RRUs of different eNodeBs serve an SFN cell, UEs in the overlapping area -_ inter-eNodeB ranging inter-eNodeB interference sgnais to cells can be allocated a greater bandwidth and cffective signals. ‘experience high peak rates. Uplink Coordinated Scheduling [BU plink interference Coordination (TDD) Coordination information exchange Centralized control node @) Cello Multipe cells perform a joint operation to predict the SINR ‘Tho contralized control node allocates when a scheduled UE transmits data and to select an MCS. resources to cells in 2 cluster. 18/SRANInter-eNodeB DL CoMP Based on Coordinated BBU or Relaxed Backhaul (TDD) Joint transmission: All coordinating cells transmit data to CEUs to obtain power gains and array gains. Dynamic cell selection: eNodeB does not transmit data of UES in RBs interfered with intra-frequency neighboring cells to decrease co-channel interference to CoMP UES. Coordinated beamforming: eNodeB coordinates the beam direction of UEs in intra-frequency neighboring cells to decrease co-channel interference to CoMP UEs. Pairing Joint transmission Dynamic cell selection Coordinated beamforming eNodeBs can adaptively adopt a transmission mode based on the cell load and channel quality. [EJ coordinated Scheduling based Power Control Cloud 88 coordinates transmit power of eNodeBs, serving UES that ‘occupy the same RB (such as UE Aand UE C occupying RB 1). Glossary 83U baseband unit DD trequency division cupiox SU universal switching unt, CA carrier aggregation SSFN single frequency network 2 X? interfaca SPC coordinated scheduling based power contre! TDD lime division duplex €eX2 enhanced X2 interface UE user equipment Velen ry Copyright © Huawel Tecinologies Co, Lid. 2018. Al ighis reserved SRAN /19Multiple-Antenna Solutions This technical postr provides ony a general overview and does not constitute any offers or commitments. For detailed inforration, ee the prodic or feature documentation delivered with the software Definition of Multiple-Antenna Technology Multiple-antenna technology uses multiple transmit or receive antennas for communication with the help of signal processing techniques at the transmit or receive end. « ») _ “O Benefits: (@ 0 «Improves user experience. A 5 « Increases cell throughput. TT yon MC) MIMO cu a 272R Uplink antenna receive diversiy Down 2x2 MIMO 4T4R Uplink 4-antenna receive diversity Downlink 4x2 MIMO (FDD) or downlink 4x4 MIMO 8T8R (TDD) Uplink 4- or 8-antenna receive diversity Downlink 4x4 MIMO. Uplink Downlink The eNodeB uses multiple antennas to receive The eNodeB uses mutiple antennas signals and combines the received signals. to send signals. Oo. & OG) oS Virtual 4T4R (FDD) Virtual 4T4R enables 2T2R RRUs or pRRUs fo send 4-port cell-specific reference signals (CRSs) and combines multple cells into one virtual 4T4R cell after a software-based reconstruction. it implements 4x4 MIMO in overlapping arees and MU-MIMO in non-overlapping areas 20/ LIECommon €-sectorcells SFN cell Virtual ATAR cell Achieves multipie-antenna gains, improves user experience, and expands yo Or re cell capacity. (@ a i "Beam 1 Beam0 Eh emmo (Fp) eMIMO improves the performance of 4T cells. The recommended functions include fast beam alignment, CSI reporting enhancemert, precise AMC, and coordinated pilot scheduling, Fast beam alignment and CSI reporting enhancement UEs can report CSIs at short intervals. This improves downlink closed-loop transmission performance. esti? @ Gam «) ee . A in, Channel status Best PMI attime 1 =Y|BestPMlattme 2=Z _ |Best PMI at time 3 =X Before fastbeam algnment | UE reports PMI=Y UE does not report anew PMI UE does notrepert a new PMI isenabled ‘eNodeB uses PMI =Y eNodeB uses PMI=Y —_eNodeB uses PMI = After fast beam alignment cr UE reperts PMI=Y UE reports PMI=Z | UE reports PMI =X is enabled eNodeB uses PMI=Y eNodeB uses PMI=Z —_ eNodeB uses PMI =X Precise AMC: It adjusts the target IBLERs for UEs based on the changes in interference from eighboring cells. It improves MCSs for the UEs and therefore increases spectral efficiency. Lo \ Interfrence she, Qradien 2 Interfetence signals ag a) eNodeB 3 Coordinated pilot scheduling: It disables CRS transmissions on some RBs on appropriate occasions and therefore reduces CRS interference on neighboring cells. 3D Beamforming (FDD) 3D beamforming is based on active antenna unit (AAU) hardware. It uses beamforming to expand network capacity. Static beamforming: It generates two intra- Dynamic beamforming: It generates 8T8R cells frequency cells. It is suitable for capacity and provides uplink 8-antenna receive diversity. expansion on hot spots. Itis Sultable for high-trafic scenarios in urban areas. It requires that UEs support 8-port TM9. @ ( «:} Vertical multiple sectors Horizontal multiple sectors We /21Soft Split Resource Duplex (TDD) Soft split resource duplex generates two orthogonal beams by weighting in the digital domain. It splits cell into two intre- or inter-frequency cells with separate coverage. BBU: (Gi Beamforming (TDD) Beamforming is a downlink multiple-antenna technology. The eNodeB sends signals using multiple weighted antennas. It forms narrow beams and directs energy at target UEs to increase signal strength forthe UEs. »&) | Massive MIMO Massive MIMO is a leading multiplo-antenna technology and a key to 4.5. It implements 3D beamforming and multi-layer mult-user resource multiplexing, and greatly expands 3D coverage and system capacity. [Traditional MIMO Massive MIMO] BBU+RRU+Antenna BBU+AAU it AAU: integrates RF modules @ and antennas, reducing feeder Ruinberor roo antenna loss and simplifying installation. Number of TDD antennas <8 \Wj/ Number of FDD antennas: 32 _— Number of TDD antennas: 64 & | i) am: = 4 {Btn tegration (8 High spectication QBt0W loss Ear insaiaion Glossary AMC adaptive modulation and coding _IBLER initial block errorrate: MIMO multiple-input multiple-output SSematumbaraan eegramaerncung une WM overt om ry Sree ho eee a 22/1EThis technical poster provid Information, see the product or feature doc only a general overview and does not constitute any offers or commitments. For deta nentation delivered withthe software. Definition ‘TM9 was introduced in 3GPP Rolosse 10 to reduce the reference signal overhead of high-order MIMO. Compared with TM1 to TMé, TM9 adopts UE-level reference signals and uses beamforming fo form narrow beams towards target UEs. it significantly expands cell capacity and improves user experience. TM1 to TMG 0 , 0 « qd 0 0 TM @ A (Parca Eloweve Application &) Ina 2T2R SFN cell, 4x4 MIMO. A inthe everiappng areas between ((e)) U hhepieatecioneean ne user-perceived rates of TM9 UEs. When network toad is light, TM9-dedicated carters can -)// be configured for TM9 UEs |<, to increase the average rma Ue* downlink throughput of TMS UEs, === Secondary component carer C0) — Primary component camer PCC) Ina4t.8T,or G47 cela single ((»)) ‘TM9 UE can use a maximum n of four layers for downlink A U multiplexing. This increases the UE throughput and cell throughput Ine sowrink WEP oceimertation Dept, wn Copyright © Huawel Tectnologies Co, Li. 2018. Al ighis reserved “iidgetea’ 3) In a4T cell, downlink UMNO ) wae col aie UA g pnestcecne i In an 8TER cell with 3D « beamforming enabled, dynamic beamforming can be performed for TMS UES to increase the average downlink UE throughput ia the cell 00:0 AA maximum of 4 TM8 UES in an (»)) Br caller 18 TM UEs in a St VA cell can be paired for downlink time-frequency resource multiplexing, This increases the downlink cell throughput a 0 we We /23UE RSI AZoM LN LO) ERE Tis tected poste proves only genera ova and doesnot consti any ofr or comments, For dtd Information, see the product or feature documentation delivered with the software, Introduction Massive MIMO is widely regarded as a key multiple-antenna technology during evolution from LTE to 5G. This technology provides 3D BF and multi-layer mutt-user resource multplexing to significantly improve system capacity and 3D coverage. Hardware Evolution ‘AAU: integrates RF units | and antennas, reducing @ ! feeder loss and easing installation. Number of antennas: 64 Number of antennas < 8 High integration (® High specifications ® Low toss Easy instalation dg Feature Evolution Broadcast Only horizontal beamwiath adjustment Both horizontal and vertical beamwidth coverage supported adjustment supported 2,4, and 8-antenna receive diversity 64-anfenna receive diversity UL muttipie- antenna features UL MU-MIMO for at most 2 layers ULMU-MIMO for up to 8 layers SPE meena olverical Tame SU 30 BF of traffic beams DL mutiple- eceeti eeheines antenna features DL MU BF for at most 4 layers MU BF for up to 16 layers 24/1EApplication Scenarios Tall-Building Coverage Traditional 8TBR cells support the vertical broadcast beamwidth of approximately 6.5°. Massive MIMO colls support the vertical broadcast beamwidth of up to 35° and therefore can cover more building floors. () a Qe ae A i Capacity Hotspot Areas DL 8- oF 16-layor MU BF can bo used in high-capacity hotspot areas, including urban areas, university towns, and pedestrian streets, to improve DL cell capacity © UL 2., 4-, or &layer MU-MIMO can be used in city squares, stadiums, or other areas with heavy UL traffic, to improve UL cell coverage. Say ed 3D BF of Broadcast Beams DL 3D BF of Traffic Beams Massive MIMO cells support various coverage 30 BF enables horizontal-and verica-plane PDSCH solutions. By adjusting parameter settings, tho beam adjustment, improving single-user link quali beamwidth can be adjusted horizontaly and vertically based on coverage requirements 4. Channel calibration: The eNodeB adjusts the phase, amplitude, and delay (Delta 1 through Delta 64) of calipration signals passing through AAU channe's to ensure reciprocity between the UL and DL. ()— )r cake A _— TRxt ‘TRx64 Massive MIMO coverage solutions: a i eal Beamwidth (6) Calibration signal processing in the BBU : 1 90° Z im Be 2. Weight calculation: The eNodeB estimates PDSCH 3 a * characteristics based on SRS feedback and calculates 7 aS re BF weighting values. 5 0° ” 6 65" r =z: 7 45° a ( 33 )~ < 8 2 . (38) 9 18° r a = a Massive MIMO “ as os ae Pe ag 3. BF: The eNode8 applies weighting values to form e = = narrow beam towards target UES on the horizontal and vertical planes. UE /25@io_mvuer Massive MIMO allows up to 16 UEs to use the same DL time-frequency resource, improving DL. spectral efficiency. The eNodeB selects spatially low correlated UEs for pairing after orthogonal weighting. Then, the eNodeB transmits DL data to the paired UEs using the same time-frequency resources and to unpaired UEs using dedicated DL time-frequency resources. Paired UEs Unpsired UES Layers Que: Bue 7 @) Massive MIMO UE 18 PDSCH RBG. DL PDCCH SDMA The eNoded eps asngle POCCH wd bear no nao bears and fen deterineseshedulng modes based cnbeem sutorafore ad iolatone Narrow PDCCH beams within tmeatcowraye some SD = Independent-scheduling UEs served (32) Sa mi by eiigor boars ou tho sare PDCCH resoutee for data transmission, A OF Independent. enhancing PDCCH capacity 0 scheduling UE Narrow PDCCH beam UL 64-Antenna Receive Diversity Receive diversity suppresses deep fading anc enhances reception ana demodulation performance, ‘The diversity gain is directly proportionate with the number of antennas. “yF Sonbined sal reo “Ysignal rom antenna + Ysonaitrom antonns6é4 "Y" from deep fedng teen [peg = |peewtnnn Deep fading Deep fading (Qu wu-mimo Massive MIMO allows up to eight UES to use the same UL time-frequency resource for data transmission, improving UL spectral efficiency. ‘The eNodeB selects spatially low correlated UEs for pairing and then allows the paired UEs to use the same UL time-frequency resource and the unpaired UEs to use dedicated UL time- frequency resources for data transmission, Paired UEs Unpaired UEs = ( [ee Massive MIMO UE10 PUSCH RBG Glossay 3D BF three-dimensional beamforming ‘MUAMIMO mul-user MIMO (MU-BF muti-user beamforming PDCCH physical downlink control channel Veen ry Copyright © Huawel Tecinologies Co, Li. 2018. Al ighis reserved, 26/ UIEThis technical poster provides only a general overview and does not constitute any offers or commitments. For detailed Information, see the product or feature documentation delivered with the software. Background CEE) GX Coverage overlap leads to severe interference. Multiple RRUs transmit orthogonal signals to UEs, converting interference into energy. «)) @ @ re “eure! Ie D-MIMO uses the centralized scheculing*aistributed RRU architecture to group multiple overiapping cells into a cluster, within which multiple physical antennas jointly Configuring the D-MIMO cluster and ‘transmit signals to UEs, increasing downlink capacity enabling O-MIMO Centralized ‘scheduling center (deployed on the BBU) @ (eieore Geum) e Performing inter-RRU channel calibration av channel cay, sno™ ‘ore « ¢ a Determining target UES for joint transmission @® © cating BF wigs ere ves ® Jointly transmitting signals in the D-MIMO cluster per TTI We /27Te AUR reer ee ead To facilitate signal combination on the UE side, the eNode® adjusts the Tx-Rx ratios of RRUs to be the same. ((y) | RRUL wd OTUs Determining target UEs for joint transmission Uplink SRP —————» LE for joint transmission SRS measurement Threshold Radio channel ‘SRS measurement Calculating BF weights BF weight for ‘> ointtransmission UEs Weight calculation Uplink channel coefficient To increase UE throughput in the D-MIMO cluster, multiple RRUs perform joint transmission for the same UE (SULJT) or for multiple UEs (MU-WT). The oNodeB selects SU-JT or MU-JT depending on the sito situation. SUNT Multiple RRUs perform joint transmission for the same UE. Inter-RRU channel ( < aieaien SG) — A BF peamformng D-WIMO distibuted multiple-input multiple-output DMRE demodulation reference signal [MU.ST multiuser joint eansmission Von Copyright © Huawel Tecinologies Co, Li. 2018. Al rights reserved 28/ UTE MU-JT ‘Multiple RRUs perform joint transmission for multiple UES. Inter-RRU channel calibration PDSCH = evoutca aie SRP reference signal received power 'SRS sounding reference signal ‘SU-IT eingle-teer joint tanemiesion “TT transmission time interval seBeamforming ‘This technical poster provides only a general overview and does not constitute any offers or commitments, For detailed information, see the product or feature documentation delivered with the software. Uae cere re fea) What Is Beamforming Beamforming is a downink muttple-antenna feature. With beamforming, an eNodeB weights downlink data before ‘transmission to form a narrow beam towards target UES, thereby increasing the signal strength on the UE sido. a iO «) Dt @) 3 §© 4 | Benefits of Multiple-Antenna Technology Array Gain Diversity Gain Multiplexing Gain Increases SINR as carrier Improves signal stability as deep Increases throughput as superposition increases signal fading seldom occurs on different different antennas transmit strength and cance's white noise. antennas at the same time. iferent data Period x2 'Ysignal from antenna 4 Y signal from antenna 4 & Ao ete wel + “Y Signal from antenna 2 “Y signal from antenna 2 ‘ Beriod e2: White noise Y exapena> Wb ote Sigislnomanonnay ae Petiod x4 *Y’ 2antennas = higher SINR ae antennas = no deep fading ¢ y == 0 nose = 2 antennas = higher throughput We /29Benefits AneNodeB directs beams towards target UEs in real time to increase SINR (especially for UEs at the cell edge). «) «) ‘aan El Beamforming Disabled: The beam size and lobe positions are fixed. Enableo: An eNodeB imposes weights on signals and UEs will oftan experience weak signal when they are adjusts the beam size. Directing the main lobe at the located between two beams (at the cell edge). UE will help improve signal strength (on the UE side). © Signal improvements, © Signal degrading Beam YY Antenna array = Wave peak \ © Side lobe wh © Main lobe 000 EIN eo Pweighting Process ‘TM7,TM8,Tm9w/oPMI TMWPMI 0 @ 0 «) a ‘SRS a Channel SsERe Weight estimation calculation ma PMURUCQI a & weighting Weight Beamforming SF Beamforming calculation weighting Beaforming Technologies sees eee ce ee QAR Multiple antennas transmit the Muttiple antennas transmit two Muttiple antennas transmit up to same data stream toa single UE. _data streams toa single UE. four data streams to a single UE 2-layer MU Beamforming «) 0 Beamforming & 0 Multiple antennas transmit two U Multiple antennas transmit up to lL) data streams to two UEs. four data streams to four UES. 0 30/ LTE