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A Study of Electric Power Quality Using Storage System in Distributed Generation
A Study of Electric Power Quality Using Storage System in Distributed Generation
A. Model System
Fig. 1 shows the model system used in this investigation. B. Time Sequence
The model system is composed of a synchronous generator, an Fig. 2 shows the time sequence and output pattern of the
induction generator, an inverter and a storage battery. A WG system. A triangular wave output pattern was assumed for
miniature diesel power plant is represented by G in Fig. 1. A the WG system. The load was 1 kW in a regular value, and the
miniature wind power generator is represented by WG. The load of 1 kW was increased after 5.0 seconds from the start of
functions of AVR of synchronous generator were used in the the simulation.
experiments. The parameters of generators are shown in Table
I.
Transmission lines were simulated by resistors and coils. III. FREQENCY CONTROL METHOD
The combined length of the lines from synchronous generator
to the load terminal is 1.5 km. The distance parameters for the In this paper, frequency control was performed using two
transmission lines are shown in Fig. 1. different methods. One method is the power demand
estimation . The other method used is proportion control that
uses the frequency deviation [3].
State load.
1kW
1.5km
LOAD
A. Power Demand Estimation Method
Until now, the load frequency control (LFC) system
G controls the frequency deviation to become zero when a
disturbance is generated. However, it is not required that the
1kW
frequency deviation is always controlled to be zero for
fluctuating load. The load fluctuation quantity of self-area was
4kW INV. L estimated by the load estimation mechanism of Eqn. (1).
O
WG A rti(kd) = (1/2)[(-M/Tdk)(ǻfi(kd) - ǻf i(kd - l))
D + ǻPti(kd-1) + ǻPwgi(kd- l) - Diǻfi(kd - 1)
+ǻPbti(kd- l) +ǻPtiei(kd- 1)]+ (1 / 2)ri(kd - 1) (1)
1kW Fluctuating
load 1kW
Here, rti(k) is used to synchronize the sampling period as
shown in Eqn. (2), and is used as the signal for the output-set
Figure 1. Model System.
point control.
0 5.0 10
Ut(k) = (ǻfi(k)+ǻPtie(k))*Kpi (3)
Simulation Load Change finish
start Here, Kpi is a proportion constant.
Comparison of these characteristics shows the best result These results indicate that the introduction of a storage
for power demand estimation used, before the load fluctuated. battery into a DG system can greatly contribute to the
After load fluctuated, a similar characteristics are shown. maintenance of the electric power quality.
However, the result for proportion control is a good with a little
convergence.
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(b) Proportion control
(b) Proportion control
60.10
60.08
60.06
60.04
Frequency[Hz]
60.02
60.00
59.98
Figure 5. Images of power generation components at AIT. 59.96
Tr
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AC/DC
50kVA
Battery
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Load