Acceleration, a rate of change of velocity

Newton’s first law: A body will either remain at rest or continue move at
constant velocity provided there is no externalforce
acted on it
Newton’s second law: The rate of change of momentum of the body is
directly proportional to the resultant force acting and
itoccurs in the direction of the force.
Newton’s third law: For every action, there is an equal but opposite
reaction and the two forces act on different bodies.
Principle of conservation of The total linear momentum of a closed system is
momentum: always constant.
Centre of mass is a single point on which the whole mass of a body is
assumed to concentrate.
Degree of freedom of a gas The number of independent ways in which a molecule
molecule: can acquires energy.

Law of equipartition of energy:
Internal energy
Specific heat capacity, c:
Heat capacity, C:
Molar heat capacity, Cm:
Molar heat capacity at constant
volume, Cvm:
Molar heat capacity at constant
pressure, Cpm:
First law of thermodynamic:
Isothermal change:
Adiabatic change:
Thermal conductivity
Principle of conservation of energy:
The total kinetic energy of a gas molecule is divided /
distributed equally among its effective number
ofdegrees of freedom and the energy acquired by each
degree of freedom is ½ kt.
is the sum of kinetic energies and potential energies
for all the gas molecules in the gassystem.
The amount of heat needed to increase the
temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1 kelvin or
1 ℃.
The amount of heat needed to increase the
temperature of the body by 1 kelvin.
The amount of heat needed to increase the
temperature of 1 mol of gas by 1 kelvin.
The amount of heat needed to increase the
temperature of 1 mol of gas by 1 kelvin at constant
volume.
The amount of heat needed to increase the
temperature of the gas by 1 kelvin at constant
pressure.
The heat supply to a gas system is equal to the sum of
the increase in internal energy of the gas and thework
done by the gas.
It is a change to a gas system occurring at constant
temperature.
It is a change to a gas system occurring without heat
entering or leaving the gas system.
is the rate of heat flow per unit cross-sectional area
per unit temperature gradient.
The total energy of a closed system is always constant.

Centripetal force: The resultant force needed to keep a body move In a

circular path and it is directed towards the center of
the circular path.
Newton’s law of gravitational:
Gravitational field strength:
. gravitational field is defined as gravitational force per
A synchronous satellite
Gravitational potential:
Gravitational potential energy, u:
Escape velocity
The centre of gravity of a body
Hooke’s law:
Elastic potential energy / strain
energy
The magnitude of gravitational attractive force
between two particles is directly proportional to the
product of their masses and inversely proportional to
the square of their distance apart.
The gravitational field strength at a point in a
unit mass acting on a body placed at a point.
is a satellite which remains stationary relative to a
stationary observer from earth.
Gravitational potential at a point in a gravitational field
is defined as work done in bringing a unit mass from
infinity to the point.
The gravitational potential energy of a body at a point
in the gravitational field is defined as a work done in
bringing a body from infinity to a point
is the minimum projected velocity for a body to escape
into infinity from the surface of a planet.
a single point where the whole weight of the body
acts.
The extension of a material is directly proportional to
the force applied provided the proportional limitof the
material is not exceeded.
is the work done of stretching of a material.