TUGAS 3 STATISTIKA

(Revisi)

Anggota Group 4:

Anggia Setianing Tyas (18728251022)

Sasih Martyani (18728251025)

Zulfa Yulia (18728251026)

Syifa Unisa Putri (18728251030)

Annisa Chiyarotul Wardah (18728251033)

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN KIMIA

PROGRAM PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS NEGRI YOGYAKARTA
2018
1. ANALISIS UNIVARIAT: SAMPEL DEPENDEN

> #UNIVARIAT_DEPENDEN
> dat <- read.csv(file="D:/STATISTIK 2018/TUGAS
REVISIAN/datatesis1.csv",head=TRUE)
> str(dat)
'data.frame': 57 obs. of 9 variables:
$ Peserta_didik : Factor w/ 57 levels "1","10","11",..:
1 12 23 34 45 53 54 55 57 56 ...
$ Pre_test_literasi_sains : int 20 37 51 35 21 31 29 33 NA 45
...
$ Post_test_literasi_sains : int 45 66 87 75 76 65 66 76 NA 77
...
$ n_gain_literasi_sains : num 0.312 0.46 0.735 0.615 0.696 ...
$ Pre_test_keterampilan_sosial : num 58.8 58.8 73.8 56.2 58.8 ...
$ Post_test_keterampilan_sosial: num 62.5 75 87.5 70.8 66.7 ...
$ n_gain_keterampilan_sosial : num 0.0909 0.3939 0.5238 0.3333
0.1919 ...
$ Kelas : Factor w/ 4 levels
"","0.382716049",..: 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 1 4 ...
$ Metode : Factor w/ 4 levels
"","DI","Kontrol",..: 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 2 ...
> sts <- subset(dat[,-1],dat$Metode == "STS")
> str(sts)
'data.frame': 28 obs. of 8 variables:
$ Pre_test_literasi_sains : int 21 26 41 40 29 33 45 30 50 26
...
$ Post_test_literasi_sains : int 70 87 90 79 81 86 96 87 85 82
...
$ n_gain_literasi_sains : num 0.62 0.824 0.831 0.65 0.732 ...
$ Pre_test_keterampilan_sosial : num 56.2 57.5 73.8 65 71.2 ...
$ Post_test_keterampilan_sosial: num 62.5 70.8 79.2 79.2 79.2 ...
$ n_gain_keterampilan_sosial : num 0.143 0.314 0.206 0.405 0.275
...
$ Kelas : Factor w/ 4 levels
"","0.382716049",..: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ...
$ Metode : Factor w/ 4 levels
"","DI","Kontrol",..: 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ...
>
boxplot(sts[,c("Pre_test_literasi_sains","Post_test_literasi_sains")])
(PDF 4 halaman 5 dst)

>t.test(sts$Post_test_literasi_sains,sts$Pre_test_literasi_sains,alterna
tive = "greater",
+ mu = 0,paired=TRUE)

Paired t-test

data: sts$Post_test_literasi_sains and sts$Pre_test_literasi_sains

t = 28.059, df = 27, p-value < 2.2e-16
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is greater than 0
95 percent confidence interval:
47.60224 Inf
sample estimates:
mean of the differences
50.67857

>qt(0.95,df=28)
[1] 1.701131
># calculating p-value
>pt(28.059,df=28,lower=FALSE)
[1] 2.411247e-22
(.............................)

>t.test(sts$Pre_test_literasi_sains,sts$Post_test_literasi_sains,alterna
tive =
+ "less", mu = 0,paired=TRUE)

Paired t-test

data: sts$Pre_test_literasi_sains and sts$Post_test_literasi_sains

t = -28.059, df = 27, p-value < 2.2e-16
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is less than 0
95 percent confidence interval:
-Inf -47.60224
sample estimates:
mean of the differences
-50.67857

>pt(-28.059,df=28,lower=TRUE)
[1] 2.411247e-22

(.............................)

>t.test(sts$Post_test_literasi_sains,sts$Pre_test_literasi_sains,
alternative =
+ "two.sided", mu = 0,paired=TRUE)

Paired t-test

data: sts$Post_test_literasi_sains and sts$Pre_test_literasi_sains

t = 28.059, df = 27, p-value < 2.2e-16
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
46.97273 54.38441
sample estimates:
mean of the differences
50.67857

>qt(0.975,df=28)
[1] 2.048407
>2*pt(28.059,df=28,lower=FALSE)
[1] 4.822495e-22

(................)
 >d <- with(sts, Post_test_literasi_sains - Pre_test_literasi_sains)
>shapiro.test(d)

Shapiro-Wilk normality test

data: d
W = 0.96133, p-value = 0.3748

(..............)
2. ANALISIS UNIVARIAT: SAMPEL INDEPENDEN

Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan

kemampuanliterasisainsdanketerampilansosialsiswa. Penelitian ini menerapkan model
pembelajaran Science Technology Society (STS)
untukmengetahuikemampuanliterasisainsdanketerampilansosialsiswapadamaterilajureaksi.
Sampel terdiri dari dua kelas yaitu 28 siswa untuk kelas eksperimen dan 28 siswa untuk kelas
kontrol (tanpamodel pembelajaranScience Technology Society (STS)).
(Sumber: Zahara, HafsyahSiti. (2017). Pengaruh ModelPembelajaran Science Technology
Society (STS)
terhadapKemampuanLiterasiSainsdanKeterampilanSosialSiswapadaMateriLajuReaksi. S2
thesis, UNY).

>#univariat independen
>comp <- read.table(file="D:/STATISTIK 2018/TUGAS REVISIAN/data-
tesisbaru.txt",head=TRUE,fill=TRUE)
>t.test(comp$STS, comp$DI,alternative = "greater", mu =
+ 0,paired=FALSE, var.equal = TRUE, conf.level = 0.95)

Two Sample t-test

data: comp$STS and comp$DI

t = 5.4517, df = 54, p-value = 6.347e-07
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is greater than 0
95 percent confidence interval:
11.01407 Inf
sample estimates:
mean of x mean of y
85.21429 69.32143

>qt(0.95,54)
[1] 1.673565

µ1 : STS
µ2 : No STS
µ1 - µ2 : Perbedaan

Hipotesis: H0: µ1 - µ2 = 0
H1: µ1 - µ2 > 0
Taraf siginifikansi: α = 0.05
𝑥1 −𝑥2 −µ0
Statistik uji: 𝑡 = 1 1
𝑠𝑝√ +
𝑛1 𝑛2

Kriteria keputusan: V = n1 + n2 – 2 = 28 + 28 – 2 = 54
t0.05(54) = 1.673565
H0 ditolak jika t >1.673565 atau H0 ditolak jika p-value< 0.05
Hitungan: t = 5.4517, p-value = 6.347× 10-7
Kesimpulan:
t = 5.4517, p-value = 6.347× 10-7< 0.05 maka H0 ditolak. Pada taraf signifikansi 0.05 dapat
disimpulkan bahwakemampuanliterasidankemampuanketerampilansosial siswa yang
menggunakan model pembelajaranSTS pada materi lajureaksi lebihtinggi daripada siswa kelas
kontrol yang menggunakan model pembelajaran tanpa STS(DI = Direct Instruction)..

>library(stats)
>var.test(comp$STS, comp$DI)

F test to compare two variances

data: comp$STS and comp$DI

F = 0.41637, num df = 27, denom df = 27, p-value = 0.02634
alternative hypothesis: true ratio of variances is not equal to 1
95 percent confidence interval:
0.1926812 0.8997597
sample estimates:
ratio of variances
0.4163734

>qf(0.95,27,27)
[1] 1.904823
>qf(0.05,27,27)
[1] 0.5249832

Hipotesis: H0: 𝜎12 = 𝜎22

H1: 𝜎12≠ 𝜎22
Taraf siginifikansi: c = 0.10
𝑆 2
Statistik uji: 𝐹 = 𝑆1 2
2
Kriteria keputusan: n1 = 28, n2 = 28
Fn1-1, n2-1 (α/2) = F27,27(0.05) = 1.904823
𝛼
Fn1-1, n2-1 (1 - 2 ) = F27,27(0.95) = 0.5249832
H0 ditolak jika F >1.904823 atau F<0.5249832atau H0 ditolak jika p-value< 0.05
Hitungan: F = 0.4163734, p-value = 0.02634
Kesimpulan:
Oleh karena F = 0.4163734dan p-value = 0.02634< 0.05 maka H0 ditolak, 𝜎12≠ 𝜎22
 >shapiro.test(comp$STS)

Shapiro-Wilk normality test

data: comp$STS
W = 0.94204, p-value = 0.1246

>shapiro.test(comp$DI)

Shapiro-Wilk normality test

data: comp$DI
W = 0.9478, p-value = 0.1744

Hipotesis:
H0: Data berdistribusi normal
H1: Data tidak berdistribusi normal
Grup Uji Shapiro
W = 0.94204
STS
p-value = 0.1246
W = 0.9478
Tanpa STS
p-value = 0.1744

Berdasarkan uji shapiro, diperoleh masing-masing p-value lebih dari 0.05. Distribusi data dari
masing-masing grup mengikuti distribusi normal.

>t.test(comp$STS, comp$DI,alternative = "two.sided", mu =

+ 0,paired=FALSE, var.equal = TRUE, conf.level = 0.95)

Two Sample t-test

data: comp$STS and comp$DI

t = 5.4517, df = 54, p-value = 1.269e-06
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
10.04822 21.73750
sample estimates:
mean of x mean of y
85.21429 69.32143

 10.04822< µ1 - µ2<21.73750
 Interval ini bernilai positif sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa µ1 > µ2
 Rata-ratakemampuanliterasisainsdanketerampilan social di kelas eksperimen yang
menggunakan model pembelajaran STS lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol yang
menggunakan model pembelajaran tanpa STS (DI = Direct Instruction).
3. MULTIVARIAT INDEPENDEN

>#MULTIVARIAT INDEPENDEN
>dat <- read.csv(file="D:/Dataset-
20181004/multiinde.csv",head=TRUE)
>str(dat)
'data.frame': 56 obs. of 4 variables:
$ Subjek : int 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
$ Literasi : int 70 87 90 79 81 86 96 87 85 82 ...
$ Keterampilan: num 62.5 87.8 79.2 79.2 79.2 ...
$ Metode : Factor w/ 2 levels "DI","STS": 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 ...
>library(ggpubr)
>p <- ggplot(dat,aes(x=Metode,y=Literasi))+
+ geom_boxplot()
>p
>k <- ggplot(dat,aes(x=Metode,y=Keterampilan))+
+ geom_boxplot()
>k

Hasil Boxplot

Interpretasi :

Berdasarkan boxplot pertamamenunjukkanbahwametodepembelajaranpadakelas DI

(kontrol) padanilaipost testliterasisainslebihrendahdibandingkandengannilaipost
testliterasisainspadakelas STS (Eksperimen). Sebaran data padametodeliterasisainskelas DI
(kontrol) lebihtersebardibandingkanmetodeliterasiSains di kelas STS (eksperimen).

Berdasarkan boxplot keduamenunjukkanbahwametodepembelajaranpadakelas DI

(kontrol) padanilaipost testketerampilanlebihrendahdibandingkandengannilaipost
testketerampilanpadakelas STS (Eksperimen). Dan sebaran data padametodeketerampilan di
kelas STS (eksperimen) lebihtersebardibandingkanpadametodeketerampilan di kelas DI
(kontrol).
AsumsiHomogenitasMatriks Varian-Kovarian
>library(biotools)
>X <- as.matrix(dat[,c("Literasi","Keterampilan")])
>Metode <-factor(dat$Metode)
>boxM(X,Metode)
Box's M-test for Homogeneity of Covariance Matrices
data: X
Chi-Sq (approx.) = 6.6655, df = 3, p-value = 0.08336
>qchisq(0.95,df=3)
[1] 7.814728
Hipotesis : H0 :   Tarafsignifikansi : α = 0.05

H1 :

Dari uji Box’s M diperoleh 2= 7.814728 dan p-value = 0.08336 > 0.05 maka
H0tidakditolak. Sehinggaasumsihomogenitasmatriksvarians-kovariansterpenuhi.

AsumsiNormalitasMultivariat
>library(MVN)
># Grup1: DI
>DI <- subset(dat[,c("Literasi","Keterampilan")],dat$Metode ==
+ "DI")
>mvn(data = DI, mvnTest = "hz", univariateTest = "AD", univariatePlot
+ = "histogram",
+ multivariatePlot = "qq", multivariateOutlierMethod = "adj",
+ showOutliers = FALSE, showNewData =
+ FALSE)
$`multivariateNormality`
Test HZ p value MVN
1 Henze-Zirkler 0.5379332 0.2559757 YE
$univariateNormality
Test Variable Statistic p value Normality
1 Anderson-Darling Literasi 0.4813 0.2140 YES
2 Anderson-Darling Keterampilan 0.4484 0.2587 YES
$Descriptives
n Mean Std.Dev Median Min Max 25th 75th
Skew Kurtosis
Literasi 28 69.32143 12.961634 71 45.00000 90.0 59.75000 78.50000
-0.3752816 -0.9499944
Keterampilan 28 73.95833 7.138493 75 58.33333 87.5 70.83333 79.16667
-0.1784411 -0.6534849
>library(MVN)
>#Grup2: STS
>STS <- subset(dat[,c("Literasi","Keterampilan")],dat$Metode ==
+ "STS")
>mvn(data = STS, mvnTest = "hz", univariateTest = "AD", univariatePlot
+ = "histogram",
+ multivariatePlot = "qq", multivariateOutlierMethod = "adj",
+ showOutliers = FALSE, showNewData =
+ FALSE)
$`multivariateNormality`
Test HZ p value MVN
1 Henze-Zirkler 0.4789312 0.3596587 YES
$univariateNormality
Test Variable Statistic p value Normality
1 Anderson-Darling Literasi 0.4279 0.2907 YES
2 Anderson-Darling Keterampilan 0.6553 0.0781 YES
$Descriptives
n Mean Std.Dev Median Min Max 25th 75th
Skew Kurtosis
Literasi 28 85.21429 8.363754 85.50000 70.0 97.00000 80.5 93.00000 -
0.2993839 -1.0712149
Hipotesis :
H0 : Data berdistribusi normal multivariat
H1 : Data tidak berdistribusi normal multivariat

Grup Uji Henze-Zirkler

DI (kontrol) Hz = 0.5379332, p-value = 0.2559757
STS (eksperimen) Hz = 0.4789312, p-value = 0.3596587

Berdasarkan uji Henze - Zirkler, dapat diperoleh semua p-value pada grup DI
dangrup STS lebih dari 0.05. Keduagrupyaitugrup DI (kontrol) dangrup STS
(eksperimen) mengikuti distribusi normal multivariat.

UjiVektro Rata-rata
>library(ICSNP)
>X <- as.matrix(dat[,c("Literasi","Keterampilan")])
>muH0 <- c(0,0)
>Factor <- dat$Metode
>HotellingsT2(X~Factor,mu=muH0,test = "chi")

Hotelling's two sample T2-test

data: X by Factor
T.2 = 34.744, df = 2, p-value = 2.854e-08
alternative hypothesis: true location difference is not equal to c(0,0)

>HotellingsT2(X~Factor,mu=muH0,test = "f")

Hotelling's two sample T2-test

data: X by Factor
T.2 = 17.05, df1 = 2, df2 = 53, p-value = 1.918e-06
alternative hypothesis: true location difference is not equal to c(0,0)

µ pos literasi sains1 − µ pos literasi sains2 0

Hipotesis : H0 : µ1= µ12atau [ ]= [ ]
µ pos keterampilan1 − µ pos keterampilan2 0

H1 : μ1≠ μ2

Tarafsignifikansi : α = 0.05

StatistikUjiHotteling’s T2
Kriteriakeputusan :
H0 ditolakjika p-value < 0.05
Hitungan : T2 = 34.744, p-value = 2.854e-08
Kesimpulan :
KarenanilaiT2 = 34.744dannilai p-value = 2.854e-08< 0.05 maka H0 ditolak,
sertadapatdisimpulkanbahwaadaperbedaansignifikansianataravektor rata-rata post literasisainsdan
post keterampilanpadagrup DI (kontrol) dangrup STS (eksperimen).

Kesimpulan :

KarenanilaiF= 17.05 dannilai p-value = 1.918e-06< 0.05 maka H0 ditolak,

sertadapatdisimpulkanbahwaadaperbedaansignifikansianatara vector rata-rata post literasisainsdan
post keterampilanpadagrup DI (kontrol) dangrup STS (eksperimen).
(.........................)

(...............................)
4. MULTIVARIAT DEPENDEN

>#MULTIVARIAT DEPENDEN
>dat <- read.csv(file="D:/Dataset-20181004/multidep.csv",head=TRUE)
>eksp <- subset(dat[,],dat$Kelas == "Kontrol")
>str(eksp)
'data.frame': 28 obs. of 5 variables:
$ Kelas : Factor w/ 4 levels "333333","87.5",..: 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 ...
$ pre_Literasi : int 20 37 51 35 21 31 29 33 45 32 ...
$ pre_Keterampilan: num 58.8 58.8 73.8 56.2 58.8 ...
$ pos_Literasi : int 45 66 87 75 76 65 66 76 77 67 ...
$ pos_Keterampilan: num 62.5 75 87.5 70.8 66.7 ...
>attach(eksp)
The following objects are masked from eksp (pos = 3):

Kelas, pos_Keterampilan, pos_Literasi, pre_Keterampilan,

pre_Literasi

The following objects are masked from eksp (pos = 4):

Kelas, pos_Keterampilan, pos_Literasi, pre_Keterampilan,

pre_Literasi

The following objects are masked from eksp (pos = 5):

Kelas, pos_Keterampilan, pos_Literasi, pre_Keterampilan,

pre_Literasi

The following objects are masked from eksp (pos = 6):

Kelas, pos_Keterampilan, pos_Literasi, pre_Keterampilan,

pre_Literasi

The following objects are masked from eksp (pos = 7):

Kelas, pos_Keterampilan, pos_Literasi, pre_Keterampilan,

pre_Literasi

The following objects are masked from eksp (pos = 23):

Kelas, pos_Keterampilan, pos_Literasi, pre_Keterampilan,

pre_Literasi
>xbar <- colMeans(X)
>xbar
d1 d2
34.46429 12.16071
>mu.null <- c(0,0)
>S <- cov(X)
>S
d1 d2
d1 73.96164 14.45657
d2 14.45657 37.32558
>solve(S)
d1 d2
d1 0.014627910 -0.005665536
d2 -0.005665536 0.028985596
>T2 <- n*t(xbar-mu.null)%*%solve(S)%*%(xbar-mu.null)
>T2 <- as.numeric(T2)
>T2
[1] 473.5458
>qf(0.95,p,n-p)
[1] 3.369016
>crit <- (n-1)*p/(n-p)*qf(0.95,p,n-p)
>crit
[1] 6.997188
>library(ICSNP)
>HotellingsT2(X,mu=mu.null,test = "chi")

Hotelling's one sample T2-test

data: X
T.2 = 473.55, df = 2, p-value < 2.2e-16
alternative hypothesis: true location is not equal to c(0,0)

>boxplot(eksp[,c("pre_Literasi","pos_Literasi","pre_Keterampilan",
+ "pos_Keterampilan")],main="Kelas STS-DI")
(.................)

>library(MVN)
>result = mvn(data = data.frame(X), mvnTest = "hz", univariateTest = "AD",
+ univariatePlot = "histogram",
+ multivariatePlot = "qq", multivariateOutlierMethod =
"adj", showOutliers =
+ FALSE, showNewData =
+ FALSE)
>result
$`multivariateNormality`
Test HZ p value MVN
1 Henze-Zirkler 0.6258703 0.1486764 YES

$univariateNormality
Test Variable Statistic p value Normality
1 Anderson-Darling d1 0.2321 0.7800 YES
2 Anderson-Darling d2 0.3258 0.5067 YES

$Descriptives
n Mean Std.Dev Median Min Max 25th 75th
Skew Kurtosis
d1 28 34.46429 8.600095 34.50000 20.000000 55.00000 28.500000 40.00
0.4383291 -0.4854147
d2 28 12.16071 6.109466 11.45833 2.083333 24.58333 7.916667 16.25
0.3447709 -0.8694130

(...........................)