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Analysis of Active Power Flow Control With Phase Shifting Transformer in AC Transmission Line
Analysis of Active Power Flow Control With Phase Shifting Transformer in AC Transmission Line
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, active power flow should be controlled control in a network. Therefore, the phase-shifting
phase
because voltage fluctuation occurred on various load transformer is the first choice for controlling the
conditions. Phase shifting transformer (PST) is used active power flow between two system areas as it is
to control the active power flow in three phase the less
ss expensive than the FACTS devices, and
electricity transmission network. It can increase performs satisfactorily under steady-state
steady conditions.
reliability and can serve as an alternative to new For example, the PST can be used in order to impose
investments in overhead lines. The control of active a power flow according to the contractual amount. For
power flow is achieved by adjusting the phase ang angle this reason, the PSTs are usually installed on
of the voltages at the PST terminals. In this paper, 230 interconnection lines [1].
kV AC transmission line is chosen for active power
flow control. Two conditions, maximum and In interconnected power networks, certain ac
minimum load conditions are considered as a case transmission lines do not have definite sender and
study for active power flow control performance in a receiver ends since the active power conveyed by
selected
elected line. Simulation of active power flow with these lines does not flow in the same direction at all
PST model is carried out by using Matlab software. times. The polarity of phase shift between the
Finally, according to simulation results, system voltages at two regions of an interconnected power
voltages and active power depend phase angles are network is very important because it determines the
revealed in this paper. direction of the active power flow in the
corresponding ac transmission line [4]. PST can alter
Keywords: phase shifting transformer,
former, on load tap the polarity of phase angle between the voltages
v by
changer, transmission line, phase shift angle, active using OLTC. PSTs compensates for the drop by
power flow control inserting, between its sending and its receiving ends, a
series voltage in quadrature with the line-to-ground
line
I. INTRODUCTION voltages. This quadrature voltage produces, between
Electric power is transported between different the PSTs terminals, a phase shift whose
whos magnitude
voltage levels of the electric grid through varies with the magnitude of the quadrature voltage
interconnected transmission lines. Overloading in [3].
transmission line decreases the security of power
system. When power flows between two nodes, there The purpose of PST is usually the control of power
is a voltage drop
rop and a phase angle different between flow over transmission lines. Both the magnitude and
the sending end and receiving end. So, the power flow the direction of the power flow can be controlled by
needs to control in order to achieve the optimal varying the phase shift. Although
Alth PSTs enable the
utilization of transmission lines capacity. Operating control of power flowing through a line, the flow
efficiency of transmission can be improved by using itself is still a function of the grid situation, and the
FACTS device.
evice. Phase Shifting Transformer is one of power flow can only be “shift” [9].
the FACTS families which can be used for power
The active power flow on the transmission line that Figure.3. Delta-hexagonal
hexagonal type phase shifting
incorporates a PST is given by: transformer
V V
P
S R
sin( - ) (3) An important advantage of this design is that only one
X S R tap variable transformer is need per phase. Delta- Delta
eq
Where Xeq is the net equivalent reactance of the line hexagonal design PST has further advantage that the
and the sources, whereas δS and δR are phase angles of phase angle changes almost linearly with tap-changer
tap
the phasors VS and VR, respectively. Based on setting. It is often used for lower voltage level.
equation (3) the angle α is the dominant variable for
power flow control.
Figure.4. Simulink model of with PST under maximum and minimum load condition
Figure 5 shows the Simulink model of without PST Figure 6 presents the comparison of the phase angle
under maximum and minimum load conditions in 230 with related to tap positions from simulation results.
kV Toungoo-Tharyagone
Tharyagone line. Before using PST, the In this figure, the phase angle on minimum load
active power flow on line is 264 MW from simulation condition is lower than the maximum load condition.
the results. The phase angle is also increased by raising the tap
positions.
C. Simulations Results of Case Study In Figure 7, the active power flow on the line is
The paper presents the analysis for active power flow different on various load conditions. From this result,
control performance under maximum and minimum it is clear that the active power flow on line is
load conditions without and with PST in selected controlled by changing the tap positions.
transmission line. From simulation results, the
comparison under maximum and minimum load Figure 8 shows the comparison result for the receiving
conditions for phase angle difference between the end voltage with related to tap positions from
voltages with related to tap positions, active power simulation results. In this
is figure, the receiving end
flow with related to tap positions, receiving end voltage for maximum load condition is lower than the
voltage with related to tap positions, and phase minimum load condition. The receiving end voltage
difference with related to power flow is shown in decreased due to the load growth. When the tap
Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9. positions increased, the receiving end voltage
decreased.
Figure.6. Comparison of result under maximum and Figure.7. Comparison of active power flow with
minimum load conditions for the phase angle with related to tap positions under maximum and minimum
related to tap positions load conditions
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First at all, the author would like to express her
special thanks to Dr. Nyaunt Soe, Rector, Pyay
Technological University for initiating the Master
programme at the Pyay Technological University. The
author is sincerely grateful to her teacher Dr. Soe
Winn, Professor and Head, Department of Electrical
Power Engineering, Pyay Technological University,
Figure.8. Comparison of result under maximum and for his patience, permissions and helpful suggestions.
minimum load conditions for the receiving end The author is deeply thankful to her supervisor, Dr.
voltage with related to tap positions Su Mon Myint, Lecturer for her guidance, valuable
advice and her co-supervisor,
supervisor, Daw Aye Khaing Zin,
The comparison off the phase angle with related to Assistant Lecturer for her worthy advice at
active power flow from simulation result is illustrated Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Pyay
in Figure 9. From the results, the phase angle on Technological University.y. And, the author is deeply
maximum load condition is larger than the minimum grateful to her teacher U Than Zaw Htwe, Lecturer,
load condition and the improvement of active power Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Yangon
flow on the linee depends on the phase angle Technological University, for his valuable
increasing in phase shifting transformer. instructions. My heart-felt
felt thanks to my family,
friends and colleagues who have me m for the
completion of this paper.
REFERENCES
1. Dorian O. SIDEA, Lucian TOMA, Mircea
EREMIA; “Sizing a phase shifting transformer for
congestion management in high wind generation
areas”, Department of Electrical Power Systems,
University Politehnica of Bucharest,
Bu Bucharest,
Romania: June 2017.
Figure.9. Comparison of result under maximum and 2. Michael Thompson; “Protection System for
minimum load conditions for the phase angle with Phase-Shifting
Shifting Transformers Improves Simplicity,
related to active power flow Dependability, and Security”, Schweitzer
Engineering Laboratories, Inc: Revised edition
VI. CONCLUSION released May 2015.
The active power flow on the line is increased by 3. J. M. Guzman, F. J. Orega-Herrera,
Orega J. Torres-
controlling the phase angles between sending ends Jimenez, G. Tapia-Tinoco,
Tinoco, L.A. Contreras-
Contreras
and receiving end voltages. The phase angles are Augilar, “Implementation of Phase-Shifting
Phase
controlled by changing the tap position on the OLTC. Transformer model into an OPF formulation by
In this paper, Direct Symmetrical Delta
Delta-hexagonal Matlab optimization toolbox”, International
type PST is chosen for the connections of transformer. Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,
Matlab software is applied for the simulation results. Volume 3,, Issue 9, September 2013, ISSN 2250-
2250
Two models for active power flow control with and 3153.
without PST under load condition are described. In
the result, before using PST the active power flo
flow on 4. FESTO, Electricity and New Energy, Lab Volt
line for maximum load condition is 264 MW and for Series, “AC Transmission Lines”, 120V-60Hz
120V
minimum load condition is 2.26 MW. By using PST, 5. Hingorani, N. G., Gyugyi, L; Understanding
the active power flow on the line is controlled from - FACTS. New Youk: IEEE Press, 2000,432 s.
67.27 MW to 450.89 MW for maximum load
condition and -0.84
0.84 MW to 481.52 MW for minimum