UNIT II PROJECTION OF POINTS, LINES AND PLANE SURFACE (6+12)

Orthographic projection- principles-Principal planes-First angle projection-projection of

points. Projection of straight lines (only First angle projections) inclined to both the principal
planes - Determination of true lengths and true inclinations by rotating line method and
traces Projection of planes (polygonal and circular surfaces) inclined to both the principal
planes by rotating object method.

2.1 PROJECTION OF POINTS[All Questions are K6 level – Creating (Synthesis)]

1. Draw the projections of the following points on a common reference line

(i) P, 35 mm behind the VP and 20 mm below the HP
(ii) Q, 40 mm in front the VP and 30 mm above the HP
(iii) R, 50 mm behind the VP and 15 mm above the HP
(iv) S, 40 mm behind the HP and in the VP
(v) T, 30 mm in front of the VP and 50 mm below the HP(Jan 2013)

Solution:

2. Mention the position of the following points shown in fig.10, with respect to the
planes of projection. All dimensions are marked in mm.(May / June 2007)
Solution:

(i) A, 30 mm behind the VP and 20 mm above the HP

(ii) B, 25 mm in front of the VP and 25 mm below the HP
(iii) C, 30 mm behind the VP and 25 mm below the HP
(iv) D, 30 mm below HP & in VP
(v) E, 25 mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP.

2.2PROJECTION OF LINES[All Questions are K6 level – Creating (Synthesis)]

1 End A of a line AB is 15mm above HP & 20mm in front of VP while its end B is
50mm above HP and 75mm in front of VP. The distances between end projectors of
the line is 50mm. Draw projections of the line and find its true length and true
inclination with the principal planes. Also mark its traces. (Nov/Dec 2016)
 2 A line AB, 70mm long, has its end A, 15mm above HP and 20mm in front of VP. It
is inclined at 30° to HP and 45°to VP. Draw its projections and mark its traces.
(Jan 2014)

3. The top view of a 75mm long line AB measures 65mm, while its front view measures
50mm. Its one end A is in HP and12mm in front of VP. Draw the projections of AB and
determine its inclination with HP and VP. (Jan 2011)

4. A line AB, 65mm long has its end A 20mm above H.P. and 25mm in front of VP. The end
B is 40mm above H.P. and 65mm in front of V.P. Draw the projections of AB and shows
its inclination with H.P. and V.P.( Jan 2006)
5. A line AB, 90mm long, is inclined at 45°to the H.P. and its top view makes an angle of
60°with the V.P. The end A is in the H.P. and 12mm in front of V.P. Draw its front view
And find its true inclination with the V.P.(Jan 2013 and May/June 2016)

6. The mid-point M of a straight line AB is 60 mm above HP and 50 mm in front of VP. The

line measures 80 mm long and inclined at an angle of 30° to HP and 45° to VP. Draw its
projections. (Jan 2018)
7. The projections of a line ABare perpendicular to xy. The end A is in HP and 50 mm in
front of VP and the end B is in VP and 40 mm above HP. Draw its projections, determine
its true length and inclinations with HP and VP.(May 2012)
2.3 PROJECTION OF PLANES[All Questions are K6 level – Creating (Synthesis)]

1. A Triangular plane figure of sides 25 mm is resting on HP with one of its corners, such
that thesurface of the lamina makes an angle of 60 deg. with HP. If the side opposite to
the corner on whichthe lamina rests makes an angle of 30 deg. with VP. Draw the top
and front views in this position.(June 2011)

2. A square lamina of 40 mm side rests on one of its sides on HP. The lamina makes 30
deg. toHP and the side on which it rests makes 45 deg. to VP. Draw its
projections.(May 2012)
3. A rectangular lamina of sides 20 mm X 30 mm rests on HP on one of its longer edges.
The lamina is tilted about the edge on which it rests till its plane surface is inclined to
HP at 45 deg. The edge on which it rests is inclined at 30 deg. to VP. Draw its
projections of the lamina.(Apr/May 2018)

4. A pentagonal lamina of edges 25 mm is resting on HP with one of its sides such that
the surface makes an angle of 60 deg. with HP. The edge on which it rests is inclined
at 45 deg. to VP. Draw its projections.(Nov 2016)
5. Pentagonal lamina of edges 25 mm is resting on HP with one of its corners such that
the planesurface makes an angle of 60 deg. with HP. The two of the edges containing
the corner on which thelamina rests make equal inclinations with HP. When the edge
opposite to the corner makes an angle of45 deg. with VP and nearer to the observer.
Draw the top and front views of the plane lamina in thisposition.(Jan 2005)

6. A hexagonal lamina of sides 25 mm rests on one of its sides on HP. The lamina makes
45deg. to HP and side on which it rests makes 30 deg. to VP. Draw its projections.
(Jan 2014 & Jan 2018)
7. A rectangular lamina of size 50 mm x 40 mm has a coaxial circular hole of 30 mm
diameter. It is resting on HP with a shorter edge perpendicular to VP. The surface of
the lamina is inclined at 35 degrees to HP. Draw the top, front and left side views.

8. A circular plate of 50 mm diameter lies on HP such that its surface is inclined at 45° to
HP. The diameter through the point on which the plate lies on HP appears to be
inclined at 45° to VP in the top view. Draw the projection by change of position
method.( Jan 2013 )

9. A circular lamina of 60 mm diameter rests on HP on a point 1 on the circumference.

The lamina is inclined to HP such that the top view of it is an ellipse of minor axis 35
mm. The top view of the diameter through the point 1 makes an angle of 45°with VP.
(i) Draw the projections (ii) Determine the angle made by the lamina with HP.
(Jan 2010)
10. A hexagonal plate of side 25 mm is resting on HP such that one of its corners touches
both HP and VP. Its surface makes 30 degrees with HP and 60 degrees with VP. Draw
the projection of the plate. (Jan 2011)