Santiagueño Quechua

Santiago del Estero Quichua or Santiagueño Quechua (Santiagen Quichua) is a

vulnerable dialect of Southern Quechua spoken by 60,000-100,000 people (estimates
Santiagueño Quechua
Native to Argentina
vary widely) in Argentina. It is spoken in the province of Santiago del Estero. The
estimated coordinates are 27°47′S 64°16′W. Long-standing migration has also Native 60,000 (2000)[1]
speakers
resulted in the presence of the language in other provinces of northeastern Argentina
and in Buenos Aires. Language Quechuan
family
Quechua II
It is 81% similar to other Quechuan languages. There are radio programs in this
languages and also a dictionary. There is some cultivation of the language as it is Southern
Quechua
taught in some schools. It uses the Roman alphabet. Its speakers are Native
Americans and they mostly work in agriculture. It is the seventh-most widely spoken
Santiagueño
Quechua
language in Argentina behind Spanish, Italian, Levantine Arabic, South Bolivian
Quechua, Standard German, and Mapudungun. It is the third most widely spoken
Language codes
indigenous language. ISO 639-3 qus

There was once another dialect of Southern Quechua in Ar

gentina, that of Catamarca
and La Rioja, but it has gone extinct. All were introduced during the Spanish
colonial period, as Quechua speakers were transplanted to various parts of the
Spanish realm (continuing a practice of the Inca), and Quechua was an official
language of Santiago, Catamarca, and La Rioja during the colonial era.

Contents
Classification
People
Syntax
Pasado no experimentado
Phonology
Examples
Notes
References
External links

Classification
Quechuan, Peripheral Quechua, Chinchay

People
The indigenous people of Santiago del Estero were referred to as the "tonocoté".
They faced much criticism from the rest of the Argentinian population which led to
the diminishing of their language and culture as a whole. The government even went Approximate extension of Quichua
so far as to release flyers describing what these indigenous people looked like, speech in Santiago del Estero
including red skin and the use of feathers in their clothing. For this reason, they were
singled out among the rest of the Hispanic population. Instead of learning their maternal language of Santiagueño Quechua at school,
indigenous children were looked over and forced to learn the official Spanish language, which is a contributing factor as to why this
language became endangered.

Syntax
The verb of movement "to go" has been extensively studied and compared to other dialects of Quechua.[2] It was found that while in
other dialects, this verb is used to represent physical movement, in Santiagueño Quechua, it represents a future action. This can be
compared to the modern Spanish phrase "ir a" which means "to go" +infinitive in Santiagueño Quechua.

Pasado no experimentado
It has been discovered that a new category of verb exists in this Quechua language: Pasado no experimentado, which adds a certain
suffix to words to represent information that has been related to someone from another person. Usually, the suffix that corresponds to
this is -ra. Ex: "niara".

Phonology
There are five vowel phonemes primarily used in this language: /a, e, i, o, u/. In addition, as with other Quechuan languages, /a/, /i/
and /u/ possess [ɑ], [e ~ ɛ] and [o ~ ɔ] as allophones in the vicinity of the consonant phoneme /q/.[3] As opposed to other dialects of
this language, which use the phoneme /ʎ/, Saniagueño Quechua possesses /ʒ ~ ʑ/, similar to the Argentinian Spanish pronunciation
of /ʎ ~ ʝ/ as [ʒ ~ ʑ].[4]

Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Uvular
voiceless p t k q
Stop
voiced g ɢ
Affricate t͡ʃ
voiceless ɸ s ʃ x χ
Fricative
voiced ʒ
Nasal ɲ
Approximant l j w
Flap ɾ

Examples
[5][6]
Many of the following examples have strong similarity to, or borrow words from the Spanish language.

cóndor- vulture
cocaví-> provisions for a trip
qólpa; choclo-> an ear of corn
kúnliir; molle-> tree of life
múli or porongo-> pumpkin
'kúntur; chingana-> a sort of brothel
tarúka-> deer
wik*úña; vincha-> hair tie
qaparis ti(y)anku-> "they are yelling"
na riq rini ñuqá-> "I am already going to go"
más vale rini kutiq-> "Maybe I'll go back"
 nuqa cuchilluyta manasuq-> "I'll lend you my knife"
Brachup historian rini cuentasuq-> "I will tell you the story ofEl Bracho."

Notes
1. Santiagueño Quechua (https://www.ethnologue.com/19/language/qus/) at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
2. Gutiérrez, G. D. (1997). Un fenómeno de convergencia lingüística por contacto en el quechua de Santiago del
Estero: El desarrollo del futuro verbal perifrástico. Estudios Filológicos Estud. Filol., (32). Retrieved from
http://red.pucp.edu.pe/ridei/wp-content/uploads/biblioteca/110503.doc.pdf
3. Nardi, R. L. (1989). Aclaraciones sobre el quichua de santiago del estero. Relaciones De La Sociedad Argentina De
Antropología; Tomo 17-2, 127-137. Retrievedfrom
http://163.10.34.134/bitstream/handle/10915/25125/Documento_completo.pdf?sequence=1
4. "SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories"(http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~saphon/en/).
linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2018-07-18.
5. Parodi, C. (1973). Observaciones en torno a los quechuismos del Diccionario Etimológico de Corominas. 11.
Retrieved from http://www.revistas.unam.mx/index.php/ral/article/view/38764/35248
6. Gutiérrez, G. D. (1997). Un fenómeno de convergencia lingüística por contacto en el quechua de Santiago del
Estero: El desarrollo del futuro verbal perifrástico. Estudios Filológicos Estud. Filol., (32). doi:10.4067/s0071-
17131997003200004

References
History and Geography of Santiago Quichua(in Spanish)
http://www.crimic.paris-sorbonne.fr/actes/dc/courthes.pdf
http://halshs.ccsd.cnrs.fr/halshs-00005497
http://roabastos.monsite.orange.fr
Coronel-Molina, S. M., & McDowell, J. H. (2011). Proceedings of the First Symposium oneaching
T Indigenous
Languages of Latin America. Retrieved fromhttp://kellogg.nd.edu/projects/quechua/STLILLA/STILLA2008
Proceedings-MLCP-CLACS-ATLILLA2.pdf#page=287
Palacios, Azucena; García, Ana Isabel.El indigenismo americano (III). Universitat de Valencia. p. 25. |access-
date= requires |url= (help)
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]

External links
Ethnologue: Santiago del Estero Quichua
Course on Quechua
Quechuan Culture
Endangered Languages Page
Sorosoro Page
Atlas of Indigenous places in Latin America
Refworld Page
Glottolog Page

1. Brenzinger, Matthias. Language Diversity Endangered. Mouton de Gruyter. p. 25.

 2. Gutiérrez, G. D. (1997). Un fenómeno de convergencia lingüística por contacto en el quechua de Santiago del
Estero: El desarrollo del futuro verbal perifrástico. Estudios Filológicos Estud. Filol., (32). Retrieved from
http://red.pucp.edu.pe/ridei/wp-content/uploads/biblioteca/110503.doc.pdf
3. Lorenzino, G. A. (2003). Bilingüismo y Migración Urbana: El QuechuaSantiagueño. Selected Proceedings of the
First Workshop on Spanish Sociolinguistics, 53-60. Retrieved from http://www.lingref.com/cpp/wss/1/paper1007.pdf
4. Parodi, C. (1973). Observaciones en torno a los quechuismos del Diccionario Etimológico de Corominas. 11.
Retrieved from http://www.revistas.unam.mx/index.php/ral/article/view/38764/35248
5. De Granda, G. (1998). De nuevo sobre Quechua y Español en el noroeste argentino. Reexamen de algunos temas.
Retrieved fromhttp://ezproxybib.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/lexis/article/viewFile/7320/7533
6. De Granda, G. (1997). Una modalidad de transferencia lingüística por contacto. Procesos de reanálisis en el
quechua de Santiago del Estero (Argentina). Retrieved from
http://www.nuevosfoliosbioetica.uchile.cl/index.php/BDF/article/viewFile/21481/22779
7. De Granda, G. (1997). DOS RASGOS DEL SISTEMA CASUAL DEL QUECHUA SANTIAGUEÑO Y SUS
POSIBLES FACTORES CONDICIONANTES. Retrieved from
http://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/lexis/article/view/7390/7612
8. De Granda, G. (2000). Evolución y condicionamientos de un parámetro gramatical en la lengua quechua. La
marcación morfológica de la categoría número. Evolución Y Condicionamientos De Un Parámetro. Retrieved from
http://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/lexis/article/viewFile/4936/4934

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