DESIGN CHARTS FOR

CONCRETE CIRCULAR
COLUMNS

summation of all strip moments in the concrete (f)The moment resisted by steel element
compression zone, i.e. i(Msi)about the centroid of the section is
nF
M SI. = F SI. z .
M c = 1
i= 1
Mci
S,

= 0.1ph
25d, 'hizSi (24)
(9) Similarly, the resisting moment of the
steel area M , is
15. The force F, and moment M , resisted by
the reinforcing steel can be obtainedas follows M, = 2 c Msi
270

i= 1
2 70
= 0.25d,ph2 C fSizsi (25)
i= 1

16. After the forces and moments resisted

zSi= 0.5h, sin(0,)
zi = z,i - 0.5h + X
( b ) The strain at the centroidof steel
element i(cSi)is
= 0.0035~,/~
= O.0O2zi/(x- 3/7h)
(C) From the reinforcement stress-strain
relationship, the stress of the centroid of
steel element i( f s i )is
fsi= €,(E, 0+37f,,
when f S i is compression
2 -0.87fy, whenfSi is tension
by the materials forming the section have been
calculated, it is very easy to find the ultimate
axial load N a n d ultimate moment M capacities
of the section by application of the equilibrium
condition
N = F, + F, (26)
M=M,+M, (27)
In order to express equations(26) and (27) in
non-dimensional forms, both sides of the equa-
tions should be divided byfck h 2 andf,, h3
respectively. In this case, the termsX , y i , . . . ,
etc., will be expressed as a percentage of h , and
the termf c i a s a percentage off,, .
17. For any fixed combination of the design
parameters ( h / h , ,fyk, p / f c k )an
, interaction
curve can be constructed using equations (26)
and (27) by valuing the neutral axis ratiox / h
for X G h changes from infinity (a caseof pure axial
for X > h (20) compression) until x / h approaches zero (a case
of pure axial tension).
18. A computer program has been devel-
oped to perform this numerical analysis and to
plot the design charts for any combinationof
the design parameters. Typical examples of the
design charts constructed are shown in Figs
4-7. A full set of the design charts is available
in reference 9.

(21) Slender columns

19. In case of slender columns, the addi-
( d ) The force resisted by steel element i(FJ tional moment specified byEC 2 may, in turn,
is be reduced by multiplying by a factorK , , i.e.
Fsi = as, f s i = - - Nbal) (28)
= 0.125deph2fsi 20. The reason for the introduction of this
factor is to take accountof the fact that, asN
( e ) The total force resisted by steel area F , increases beyond Nbal,the condition of the
is column more nearly approaches that corres-
270 ponding to axial loading. The likelihoodof
F, = 2 1 FSi incurring curvature and thus additional deflec-
i= l
tion owing to slenderness decreases accord-
r 270 7
ingly, and so justifies a reduction in the
=2
l 0.125deph2 1 fsi
270
i= 1
additional moment.?
21. In the present study, exact values of Nbal
= 0.25deph2 C fSi (23) are determined by searching for maximum
i= 1 moments on the interaction curves, as x/h
413
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 MOHAMMADANDMERRONY

varies by a very small increment of 0.0005 in For hJk = 0.8 and f,, = 460 N/mm2, use
order to ensure precise locationsof ( N b a ,M)
, chart 4.
points on the curves. AfterNba,values have
been found, k , lines can easily be plottedon the Maximum axial compression capacity
interaction curves from equation (28) as shown 23. Fromchart4
in charts 1-4 (Figs 4-7). As k , lines are drawn When M = 0, N / f , , h2 = 0.88 (compression)
on the design charts, these charts can be used i.e. N = 0.88 X 20 X 5002 N
for slender columns a s well a s for short ones.
= 4400 kN
Example 24. As a check, the maximum axial com-
22. Consider a circular column, 500 mm in pression capacity can easily be found from
diameter, reinforced with 7-T32 bars (A,, = basic principles:
5629 mm’) uniformly distributed at a diameter
of 400 mm. Assume concrete class C20/25(i.e. N = 0.5667fc, A , + O.87fykA,,
f,, = 20 N/mm2 which corresponds tofcn=
= 0.5667 X 20 X 196350 + 0.87
25 N/mm2)5 andf,, = 460 N/mm2, and find
( a ) maximum ultimate axial compression X 460 X 5629 N
capacity = 4478 kN z 4400 kN O.K.
(6) maximum ultimate axial tension capacity
(c) the ultimate moment capacity correspond- Maximum axial tension capacity
ing to an axial compression loadof 25. Fromchart4
1875 kN. When M = 0 , N / f c k h 2= 0.45 (tension)
A, = x50O2/4 i.e. N = 0.45 X 20 X 5002 N
= 196350 mm2 = 2250 kN
A,, = 5629 mm’ 26. As a check, for section subject to pure
tension,
P = A,,/A.
N = 0.87fYkA,,
= 56291196350
= 0.87 X 460 X 5629 X 10-3
= 0.0287
= 2253 kN zz 2250 kN O.K.
plf,, = 0.0287120

= 0.00143 mm2/N Ultimate moment capacitywhen N = 1875 kN

hJh = 4001500 27. N / f c , h 2 = 1870 X 103/(20 X 5002)
= 0.8 = 0.375

Fig. 4 . Circular l l l I I

columns: chart 1

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.1 5 0.20 0.25 0.30

Mifckh3

414
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 DESIGN CHARTS FOR
CONCRETE CIRCULAR

~ ~ ~ ~ _ _ _ _ _

Fig.5. Circular
columns :chart 2

.,.
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.1 5 0.20 0.25 0.30
Mifckh3

28. Fromchart4 adopts the simplified stressblock according to

BS 8110:
M / f c ,h3 = 0.13
f,,= 25 N/mmz
i.e. M = 0.13 X 20 X 5003 Nmm
p fy/fcu = 0.0287 X 460125
= 325 kNm
= 0.527
29. As there is no available reference on
circular columns designed in accordance with 30. Using the appropriate chart in reference
EC2, this example is checked using the design 10 gives
interaction curves for circular columnsof refer-
ence 10, despite the fact that this reference Mlf,, h 3 = 0.1

Fig. 6. Circular
columns :chart 3

415
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 MOHAMMADANDMERRONY
Fig. 7. Circular
columns: chart 4
0.00 0.1 0 0.20
i.e. M = 0.1 X 25 X 5003 Nmm
=312.5 kNm compared with 325 kNm
using EC2 charts
O.K.
This slight difference between the results is
attributable largely to the design stress block
assumed in each method.
Conclusions
31. The typical example solved shows the
use of the charts, and demonstrates the validity
and correctness of the design charts developed
through checking the example analytically and
by comparison with existing solutions by
others.
32. The case of combined axial tension with
bending moment has been incorporated in the
design charts in addition to the combined com- 7. REYNOLDSC. E . and STEEDMAN
pression and bending. Therefore, these charts
will be valuable in the designof different types
of structure, e.g. high rise buildings subjected 8. MEKONNEN
to lateral forces such as wind load or earth-
quake where a significant combined axial
tension and bending moment hasto be con
sidered in the design task.
33. The charts can be used for slender
columns aswell as for short ones because the
additional moment reduction factorK , has been
considered and plotted by a seriesof lines on
the design charts.
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Mlfckh3
0.30 0.40
1
0.50
References
1. EL-KATIn M. T. The determination of the inter-
action diagram for reinforced concrete short cir-
cular columns.]. Building Res. Iraq,1983, 2, No.
2, 63-78.
2. AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE. Building code
requirements for reinforced concrete. ACI,
Detroit, 1977, ACI 318-77.
3. BATCHELOK W. G. and BEEBY A. W. Charts forthe
design of circular columns to BS 81 10. British
Cement Association, Slough, 1989.
4. BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION.Structural use of
concrete, Part I :Code of practicefor design and
construction, BSI, London, 1985, BS 8110.
5. Concise Eurocodefor the design of concrete build-
ings, Based on BSIpublication. DD ENV 1992-1-1:
1992. British Cement Association, July 1993.
6. EUROCODEDesign 2. of concrete structures, Part
1 :General rules and rules for buildings.BSI,
London, 1992, DD ENV, 1992-1-1.
J. C. Reinforced con-
crete designer's handbook. Cement and Concrete
Association, London, 1988.
B. Reinforced concrete column design
equations.]. A m . Concr. Inst., 1984, 81,No. 3,
May June, 242 250.
-
9. MOHAMMAD F. A. Design charts f o r reinforced con-
crete elements in accordance with EC 2. Kingston
University, School of Civil Engineering, 1993,
MSc thesis.
10. INSTITUTION OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS/ICE JOINT
COMMITTEE. Manualfor the design of reinforced
concrete building structures. Institution of Struc-
tural Engineers, London, 1985.