BRASH TECHNICAL SCHOOL

Conservation Of Energy
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Umi Shahirah binti Mohd Ariffin
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Conserving energy is important due to the climate changes happens to the worldwide.
 CONTENTS

Table of Contents
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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without
the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend
my sincere thanks to all of them.

I am highly indebted to Sir Arjan Singh for his guidance and constant supervision as well
as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for his support in
completing the project.

I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents for their kind co-operation and
encouragement which help me in completion of this project.

I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to the industry persons for giving
me such attention and time.

My thanks and appreciations also go to my classmates in developing the project and

people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.

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 INTRODUCTION

This Earth serves not only as our one and only habitat in this universe but it is also our
natural heritage as it is passed on from one generation to the next.

The next generation of human beings shall inherit this earth in the condition that we
leave it. What our future children will have will depend directly on this generation of
ours and hence it is our responsibility and duty to care for the environment today.

Many people do not realise the importance of looking after this fragile environment of
ours. They take many things for granted and never think of conserving some of the
natural resources we have today. They also think that the resources we have will never
run out and we can continuously draw resources from the earth to make our lives easier
and more comfortable.

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 OBJECTIVES

 To encourage energy saving in industrial plants and commercial buildings through technical
assistance, education, awareness, information and studies.
 To introduced the changed culture of our organizations.
 To counter the persisted power crisis by reducing the system losses and over loading.

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 WHAT DOES SAVE ENERGY MEANS?

Nearly all everyday products have an impact in terms of energy, especially when you consider their
energy requirements across the whole life cycle: production, use and end-of-life. In many cases the use
phase is dominating. Plastics, for example, are one of the most resource-efficient materials available. In
their use phase, plastics products help to save more energy than is needed to produce them: For
example, when you choose a bottle of water packaged in a light weight material such as plastic,
remember that lighter packaging requires less energy for transport. Thus, less fuel was used to power
the truck that delivered those plastic bottles.

Saving energy means decreasing the amount of energy used while achieving a similar outcome of end
use. Using less energy has lots of benefits , which is you can save money and help the environment.
Generating energy requires precious natural resources, for instance coal, oil or gas. Therefore, using less
energy helps us to preserve these resources and make them last longer in the future.

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 WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO SAVE ENERGY?

Energy conservation can result in increased financial capital, environmental quality, national
security, personal security, and human comfort. Individuals and organizations that are direct consumers
of energy choose to conserve energy to reduce energy costs and promote economic security. Industrial
and commercial users can increase energy use efficiency to maximize profit.

If people use less energy, there is less pressure to increase the available supply of energy, for example
by constructing new power plants, or by importing energy from a different country.

Besides, a reason for conserving energy is that we use energy that often comes from the burning of
fossil fuels. Industry, transport and the generation of electricity largely use fossil fuels. When these fuels
are burned they release carbon dioxide that has been sequestered away for millions of years. This extra
CO2 is adding to the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and contributing to an enhanced greenhouse
effect. This is causing the planet to warm up dangerously.

Another reason for conserving energy is to save oil. We are often reliant on other countries for oil. If we
can find other renewable sources of energy, then we can keep the oil for other uses, like plastics. Soon
we will run out of oil and the oil prices will increase as we dig deeper and farther.

Whenever you save energy, you not only save money, you also reduce the demand for such fossil fuels
as coal, oil, and natural gas. Less burning of fossil fuels also means lower emissions of carbon dioxide
(CO2), the primary contributor to global warming, and other pollutants.

You do not have to do without to achieve these savings. There is now an energy efficient alternative for
almost every kind of appliance or light fixture. That means that consumers have a real choice and the
power to change their energy use on a revolutionary scale.

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 WHAT CAN I DO TO SAVE ENERGY?

There are many sources on the web that give you ideas of what you can do to save energy. Here are a
few ideas to get you started:

Home appliances

1. Turn your refrigerator down. Refrigerators account for about 20% of Household electricity use.
Use a thermometer to set your refrigerator temperature as close to 37 degrees and your freezer
as close to 3 degrees as possible. Make sure that its energy saver switch is turned on. Also,
check the gaskets around your refrigerator/freezer doors to make sure they are clean and
sealed tightly.

2. Set your clothes washer to the warm or cold water setting, not hot. Switching from hot to
warm for two loads per week can save nearly 500 pounds of CO2 per year if you have an electric
water heater, or 150 pounds for a gas heater.

3. Make sure your dishwasher is full when you run it and use the energy saving setting, if
available, to allow the dishes to air dry. You can also turn off the drying cycle manually. Not
using heat in the drying cycle can save 20 percent of your dishwasher's total electricity use.

4. Turn down your water heater thermostat. Thermostats are often set to 140 degrees F when
120 is usually fine. Each 10 degree reduction saves 600 pounds of CO2 per year for an electric
water heater, or 440 pounds for a gas heater. If every household turned its water heater
thermostat down 20 degrees, we could prevent more than 45 million tons of annual CO2
emissions - the same amount emitted by the entire nations of Kuwait or Libya.

5. Select the most energy-efficient models when you replace your old appliances. Look for the
Energy Star Label - your assurance that the product saves energy and prevents pollution. Buy
the product that is sized to your typical needs - not the biggest one available. Front loading
washing machines will usually cut hot water use by 60 to 70% compared to typical machines.
Replacing a typical 1973 refrigerator with a new energy-efficient model, saves 1.4 tons of CO2
per year. Investing in a solar water heater can save 4.9 tons of CO2 annually.

Home Heating and Cooling

6. Be careful not to overheat or overcool rooms. In the winter, set your thermostat at 68 degrees
in daytime, and 55 degrees at night. In the summer, keep it at 78. Lowering your thermostat just
two degrees during winter saves 6 percent of heating-related CO2 emissions. That's a reduction
of 420 pounds of CO2 per year for a typical home.

7. Clean or replace air filters as recommended. Energy is lost when air conditioners and hot-air
furnaces have to work harder to draw air through dirty filters. Cleaning a dirty air conditioner
filter can save 5 percent of the energy used. That could save 175 pounds of CO2 per year.

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Small investments that pay off

8. Buy energy-efficient compact fluorescent bulbs for your most-used lights. Although they cost
more initially, they save money in the long run by using only 1/4 the energy of an ordinary
incandescent bulb and lasting 8-12 times longer. They provide an equivalent amount of bright,
attractive light. Only 10% of the energy consumed by a normal light bulb generates light. The
rest just makes the bulb hot. If every American household replaced one of its standard light
bulbs with an energy efficient compact fluorescent bulb, we would save the same amount of
energy as a large nuclear power plant produces in one year. In a typical home, one compact
fluorescent bulb can save 260 pounds of CO2 per year.

9. Use less hot water by installing low-flow shower heads.

Reduce, reuse, recycle

10. Reduce the amount of waste you produce by buying minimally packaged goods, choosing
reusable products over disposable ones, and recycling. For every pound of waste you eliminate
or recycle, you save energy and reduce emissions of CO2 by at least 1 pound. Cutting down your
garbage by half of one large trash bag per week saves at least 1100 pounds of CO2 per year.
Making products with recycled materials, instead of from scratch with raw materials, uses 30 to
55% less for paper products, 33% less for glass, and a whopping 90% less for aluminum.

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IS THERE ANY CLIMATE CHANGES?

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