OPTICAL COMMUNICATION

Important questions

1. a) Explain in detail the elements of fiber optic transmission link.

b) List the advantages and disadvantages of fiber optic communication over copper wire system.
2. a)what is V-number ? Give its significance related to fiber optic communications
b) Give differences between different types of fiber optic cables
3. a) write a short notes on fiber materials
b) Give the differences between single mode and multimode operations of fiber optics
4. a) write a short notes on light polarization with necessary formulae
b) define the terms i) acceptance angle ii) total internal reflections iii) numerical aperture.
5. Derive an expression for numerical aperture of a step index fiber by meridional ray and skew ray
analysis
6. What is effective refractive index? Derive an expression for group index.
7. Why the losses are less in graded index fiber compared to multi mode step index. Give an expression
for N.A. of graded index fiber. (Or) how the graded index fibers are superior to step index fibers
8. What is refractive index profile; explain how we can use graded index fiber for single mode operation.
9. Explain different loss mechanisms in fiber optic cable with necessary formulae.
10. Derive an expression for chromatic or material dispersion parameter
11. Explain core cladding and bending loss mechanism with necessary formulae.
12. Derive an expression for pulse broadening due to intermodal dispersion loss.
13.write a short notes on power flow in step index fibers.
14.explain in detail source coupling to fiber optic cable( laser & LED).
15. Explain the working of fusion splice with advantages and disadvantages.
16. Explain different types of connectors used in fiber optic communication system.
17. Explain the working of different types of LED with neat sketch
18. Explain the working of injection laser with neat sketch
19. Derive an expression for threshold current density for laser action.
20. Derive an expression for internal l optical power generated by LED.
21. Explain the operation of Distributive feedback lasers and distributive bragg reflector lasers.
22. Explain fundamental receiver operation in detail.
23. Explain operation of PIN & APD (RAPD).
24. Derive an expression for NEP, Specific detectivity, quantum limit.
25. Explain rise time budget, link power budget.
26. Explain attenuation and dispersion measurement.
27. Explain working of various preamplifiers
28. Explain working of OTDR.
29. Explain OTDM, WDM techniques