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Invented by Sumerians (W/C Divided Into 12 Months Based On The Cycle of The Moon)
Invented by Sumerians (W/C Divided Into 12 Months Based On The Cycle of The Moon)
Invented by Sumerians (W/C Divided Into 12 Months Based On The Cycle of The Moon)
West Asia is sometimes called the Near East or the Middle East; It is a part of
Asia that is coldest to the Mediterranean Sea. It covers all the land between modern
Turkistan in north, Afghanistan in east, the Persian Gulf in so0uth and Mediterranean
Sea in west.
SUMERIANS 2900-1800 BC
• Ruled by monarch
• Bureaucracy: Sumerian government
• Polytheism- Sumerian religion: worshipped many Gods
Contributions
AKKADIANS 2340-2125 BC
After the Sumerian Dynasty fell around 2000 BC, Mesopotamian drifted into
conflict and chaos for almost a century. After the group Semites called the Amorites
manage the control most of the Mesopotamian region.
Hammurabi – Greatest Babylonian ruler: the founder of the empire and author of the
famous “Hammurabi Code”
ASSYRIAN 2300 BC
Contributions
The Hellenistic period may either be seen to end with the final conquest of the
Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC; or the final defeat of the last remaining
successor-state to Alexander's empire, the Ptolemaic kingdom of Egypt in 31/30 BC.
The Hellenistic period was characterized by a new wave of colonists which established
Greek cities and kingdoms in Asia and Africa.
• Represent s a fusion of ancient Greek world and of Near East, Middle east and
southeast Asia , and the departure from earlier Greek attitudes towards
“Barbarian” culture.
Peloponnesian War- Greece had fallen under Spartan Hegemony
King Philip- began the ascendancy of Macedon
Achaemenid Empire- the Persian and Median Empire also Known as Medo-Persian
Empire
New philosophies and religions arose in both east and west, particularly about the 6th
century BC. Over time, a great variety of religions developed around the world.
3. Jainism- Is an ancient religion of India that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all
living beings.
• Originating in the Hebrew Bible, also known as the Tanakh, and explored in later
texts such as the Talmud,
• Jews consider Judaism to be the expression of the covenantal relationship God
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS
Iraq
In ancient times, Iraq (then known as Mesopotamia) was the first “Cradle of
civilization”. Ancient civilization thrived in this plain “between two rivers”. Iraq is bordered
by the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan to the west, Syria to the northwest, Turkey to the
north, Iran to the east, and Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south.
Umayyad Caliphate- the 2nd of the 4th Islamic Caliphates established after the death of
Muhammad
• Ruled by Umayyad Dynasty whose name derived from Umayya Ibn Abd Shams,
the great grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph.
Abbasid Dynasty-