kj udOH

m%jK;d

R.D.S.P.L SAMARAWEERA
MDS 1006
MASS MEDIA DEPARTMENT
UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO
SRI PALEE CAMPUS
 kj udOH hkq mß.Kl j,g Wmfhda.s jk udOHhka j¾."
mß.Klh u; iy kej; fnod yeÍu i|yd mß.Kl u; r|d mj;S' kj udOH
WodyrK jkqfha ÿrl:k" mß.Kl" ;ks udOH " fjí wvú l%v s d" udkj-mß.Kl
w;=reuqyqK;a" mß.Kl iÔùlrKh iy wka;¾ l%saßhdldÍ mß.Kl
ia:dmkhkah'rEmjdysksh" .=jka úÿ,sh iy uqo%s; udOH jeks ˜mer‚ udOH˜ j,g
kj udOH fndfyda úg mriamr yd w¨;au u; mokï ù we;s oeä fjkialï
úfõpkh lr ;sfí' äðg,a W;amdol fyda wka;¾ l%saßhdldÍ l%shdj,s il%sh lrjk
;dlaIKhka fkdue;s kï kj rEmjdyskS jevigyka ^wekf,d.a úldYkh&"
jD;a;dka; Ñ;%mg" iÕrd" fmd;am;a we;=<;a fkdfõ'
úlsmSähd' wka;¾cd, úlsmSähd úYajfldaIh kj udÈ,sfha ksoiqkla
jk w;r" wka;¾cd,hg msúish yels äðg,a fm<" rEm iy ùäfhda" fjí wvú
iuÕ ks¾udK" odhlhskaf.a ks¾udKYS,s iyNd.S;ajh" mßYS,lhskaf.a
wka;¾l%shdldrs m%;spdr iy hym; i|yd ixialdrl iy m%cd wdOdrl m%cdjla
msysgqùu' m%cd fkdjk mdGlhka' f*ianqla hkq iudc udOH fudähq,hg wh;a jk
kj udÈ,sfha ;j;a wdldrhls' fndfyda mßYS,lhka iyNd.S jk whhs' kj udÈ,sfha
kj udÈ,sh hkq iudc udOHh ldKavhg wh;a Üúg¾ idudðlhska jk w;r"
mßYS,lhka tlsfkld iuÕ tlsfklg iïnkaO jk w;r uyck;djg ,efnk
ksfõok m%ldYhg m;a lsÍuo isÿ lrhs' f*ianqla iy Üúg¾ hk folu uE; jir
j,§ Ndú;hg f.k we;s w;r f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSu i|yd ine¢ iïm;la njg
m;aj we;'
 නව මාධ්‍ය ාාිතය (New media usage)
kj udOH hkqfjka Ndú;d lsÍfukau mer‚ udOH o we;ehs hkak ks;ekskau
m%ldY fjhs' tfy;a mer‚ udOH ljrlao" kj udOH ljrlao hkq meyeÈ,sj
f¾Ldjlska fjkafldg oelaùu wmyiqh' ;jo th n,kakdf.a oDIaÀ fldaKh iy
ñKqó oKav u; r|d mj;skakls' wog;a b;d m%n, udOH jk .=jka úÿ,sh fukau
rEmjdys‚ho tla w;lska n,k úg mer‚h' kùk ;dlaIKh iu. uqiqù Èfkka
Èk isÿjk kjH;djh i<ld ne,Sfï§ wog;a kejqïh' tfiau mer‚ udOH f,i
i<lkq ,nk fmd;a" mqj;a m;a hkdÈh kj ;dlaIKfhka Èfkka Èku kùlrKh
fjñka kj udOH njg m;a fjhs'

fmd;a m;a hkq YsIaGdpdrfha uq;=ka ñ;a;ka wh;a lr.;a {dk iïNdrh u;=
mrmqrg odhdo lrk w.kd fuj,uls' th uqøs; udOH ^printed media& fjhs' úoHq;a
mßm:hla^electronic circuit&fyda pqïnl fuj,ula^magnetic media&hkq o uq;=ka
ñ;a;kaf.a {dk iïNdrh yd YsIaGdpdrh úiska fuf;la Wreu lr.;a oekqu u;=
mrmqrg odhdo lrk w.kd fuj,uls' th úoHq;a udOH^electronic media&fjhs'
fuu uqøs; yd úoHq;a udOH fkdue;s jQjd kï w¨;ska WmÈk orefjl=g Ôú;h
weröug isÿjkafka .,a hq.fhks'wOHdmkfhka isÿ lrkafka Y; j¾I .Kkdjla
;siafia f.dv ke.=Kq uq;=ka ñ;a;kaf.a {dk iïNdrh j¾.SlrKh fldg"
ixúOdkd;aul f,i flá l<la ;=< kj mrmqrg Wreu lr §uhs' tfiau
YsIaGdpdrh fuf;la wd .ufka ;j mshjr lSmhla bÈßhg hdug wjYH
m¾fhaIKd;aul Ñka;kh j¾Okh lsÍuo wOHdmkfha ;j;a j.lSuls'

f,dalfha úúO rgj, ukqIHhdg È.= b;sydihla we;s ku;a" Tjqka

tlsfkld oek y÷kd .eksug È.= l,la .; ù we;s nj fmfka' ñksiqka w;r
hym;a iyÔjkhla f.dvke.S we;af;a ikaksfõokfha ÈhqKqj;a iu. nj
meyeÈ,sh' ;jo ñksidf.a oekqï iïNdrh yd wOHdmk ;;ajho iS>%fhka ÈhqKq ù
we;af;a ikaksfõokfha ÈhqKqj;a iu.h'w¨;a w¨;a oE ;ekSug fukau"
fidndoyfï we;s n,fõ.hkaf.ka jev .ekSug ñksid i;= iyc l=i,;djh ksid"
ikaksfõokh Wfoido Wmdx. rdYshla ìys lr,Sug fya iu;a úh'ñksid úiska
ks¾udKh lrk ,o WmlrK ish,a, uq,ska werfUkafka hdka;%sl^mechanical&
iajrEmfhks' miq lf<l úoHq;a^electric& yd pqïNl^magnetic& uq,O¾u yÿkd.ekSu
iy tys jHdma;sh;a iu.u fuu WmlrK bf,lafg%daksl udOHfha ks¾udKh úh'
úÿ,sh yd úúO úoHq;a WmlrK ks¾udKh lrkq ,enqfõ" fuu úoHq;a yd pqïnl
uq,O¾u Wmfhda.s lr .ekSfuks' tu ksid b,lalï^number& " wCIr^text& "
Yío^sound& " Ñ;%"^graphic&" cdhdrEm^image&" o¾Yk^video& wdÈh .nvd fldg^save&
;eîugo" h,s iuqoaOrKh^retrieval& lsÍugo" ixialrKh^edit& lsÍugo yels úoHq;a
fuj,ï ksmoú‚' hdka;%sl ikaksfõok udOHfha mrdih b;d n,j;a ùug
bf,lafg%daksl fyj;a úoHq;a udOH iu;a úh'

úoHq;a pqïnl ;rx.dj,sh^electromagnetic spectrum& y÷kd.ekSu ikaksfõok

;dlaIKfha jvd;a úYsIaG fidhd .ekSu úh' iïfma%IK fõ.h ;;amrhg lsñ
300"000 jk .=jka úÿ,s yd rEmjdyskS iïfma%IKhg bka bv ie<iqks' .=jka úÿ,s yd
rEmjdysks ;rx. hkq ñksidf.a ks¾udKhla fkdfõ' tajd fidndoyfï mj;skakls'
úoHq;a pqïnl ;rx.dj,sfha iSñ; l,dmhla .=jka úÿ,s yd rEmjdysks ;rx. f,i
yÿkajkq ,efí'

.=jka úÿ,sh fidhd .eksu hkq úoHq;a pqïnl ;rx.dj,sfha f¾äfhda ;rx.
l,dmh Tiafia Yío ;rx. úoHq;a pqïNl ;rx. njg mßj¾;kh fldg m%pdrKh
l< yels WmlrK lÜg,hla ksmoùuls' tu WmlrK lÜg,h .=jka úÿ,s
iïfma%IK moaO;shhs' tu m%pdrKh jk ;rx. .%yKh l< yels WmlrKh .=jka
úÿ,s hka;%hhs'bf,lafg%dksl ;dCIKh hgf;a iajdNdúl f,dalfha wl=re" b,lalï"
Yío" Ñ;%" cdhdrEm yd úãfhda o¾Yk wdÈh" tajdg wkqrEm úoHq;a ;rx. njg
mßj¾;kh ù .nvd úu fukau iïfma%IaKh úuo isÿ fõ' WodyrKla f,i
uhsl%fmdakhla bÈßfha l:d lsßfïÈ" wm l:d lrk yf~ys Wia my;a ùug wkqrEm
õoHq;a ;rx. ks¾udKh flf¾' yf~ys Wia my;a ùu wkqj tu ;rx. úúO úia:dr
,nd.ks' tu ;rx. h,s tys uq,a .=Khg mßj¾;kh lsßfuka .nvd lrk ,o fyda
iïfma%IKh lrk ,o uq,a iajrEmh m%;s ks¾udK lr .; yelsh'udOH mßKduh
i<ld ne,Sfï§" udOH kejqï ù we;af;a tla udOHhla ;j;a udOHhl fyda lSmhl
;dlaIKh Wlyd .ekSfuka nj b;d meyeÈ,sh' ;jo udOH lSmhl ;dlaIK
iqixfhda.j kj udOH ìysù we;' udOH tlajk úg kj udOH ;efka" tfiau mer‚
udOH jvd;a kjH njg m;afõ' uq,a udOH m%;sfmdaIKh ù jvd;a ia:djr fõ'

19 yd 20 jk Y;j¾I j,§ kj udOH /ila ìysù we;s w;r" ta ksidu

ikaksfõok ;dCIKfha oejeka; fmr,shla isÿùuo" bka ñksia j¾.hdf.a iS>%
ÈhqKqjo isÿ ù we;'WodyrKhla f,i ÿrl:kh^telephone& werUqfka 1876 §h'
.=jka úÿ,sh^radio& werUqfka 1901 §h' fï folu wdrïNfhaÈ tlsfklska iajdh;a;
udOH folls' miq lf<l .=jka úÿ,s ;dCIKfha iydh" ÿrl:k ;dCIKh u.ska
,nd.ekSu ksid" /yeka fkdue;sj^wireles& ÿrl:k ixjdo ,nd .eksu isÿ lrk
,È';jo .=jka úÿ,s m%pdr ioyd ÿrl:kh Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,eì‚' úfYaIfhkau
.=jka úÿ,s ndysr iÔù m%pdr ,nd .eksu i|yd" wdikaku ia:dkfha ÿrl:kh
Tiafia ÿrl:k yqjudre fmd< ^telephone exchange& yryd .=jka úÿ,sh fj;
ikaksfõokh ,ndf.k m%pdrh isÿ lrk ,È'fï wkqj wfkHdakH jYfhka
ÿrl:kh ksid .=jka úÿ,sho" .=jka úÿ,sh ksid ÿrl:kho m%;sfmdaIKh úh' ;j
ÿrg;a i<ld ne,SfïÈ pkaøsld ;dlaCIKh;a^satellite& iu. .=jka úÿ,sfha yd
ÿrl:kfha ksï j<Æ ;j ÿrg;a mq¿,a úh' ta ;=,ska hï m%foaYhlg iSud jq
iïfma%IK mrdih" laIKhlska f,dj jgd /f.k hdug iu;a úh'

bkamiq mß.Klfha^computer& wd.ukh;a iu. ÿrl:k yd .=jka úo,sfha

iïfma%IK yelshdj .=Kd;aul yd m%udKd;aul jYfhka iqúYd, f,i ÈhqKq úh'

wka;¾cd,h;a^internet& iu. kj m%jk;d u;= lrñka fjí .=jka úÿ,sh^web

radio&" fjí ÿrl:kh^web phone& yd fjí rEmjdyskho ^web television& we;s
úh'fi,shq,¾ ÿrl:kh^Cellular& hkq .=jka úÿ,s ;dCIKfha iy ÿrl:k
;dCIKfha tl;=fjka ìysjqjls' ùäfhda fjí ÿrl:khla hkq .=jka úÿ,s
;dCIKh" ÿrl:k ;dCIKh" rEmjdyŒ ;dlaIKh" pkaøsld ;dlaIKh" mß.Kl
;dlaIKh yd wka;¾cd,h hk fï ish,af,au tl;=jls'

fï whqßka Èfkka Èku fuu udOH tlsfkl wfkHdakH jYfhka

m%;sfmdaIKh fjñka kj udOH ìys lrhs' tuksid ikaksfõok ;dCIKfha ìysù
we;s kùk;u WmlrK iy Wmdx. ixLHdjo w;s úYd,h'wo ksmoù we;s
ikaksfõok WmlrK ms<sn| i<ld ne,SfïÈ" tajd .=jka úÿ,sho" rEmjdysksho"
ÿrl:kho mß.Klho ke;fyd;a ta ish,a,gu mßndysr fjk;a WmlrKhlaoehs
ks.ukh lsßu wmyiq ;rïh' ta ;rugu idïm%odhsl udOH w;r we;s fjka lr
yÿkd.eksfï f¾Ld fnd| ù we;'mer‚ úoHq;a udOH j,g mß.Kl ;dCIKh uqiq
ùu;a iu.u" wekf,d.a ;dCIKh^analog technology&fjkqjg äðg,a
;dCIKh^digital technology& flfrys tu udOH l%ufhka mßj¾;kh jk nj
fmfka' ;jo mer‚ úoHq;a udOH j,g äðg,a ;dCIKh ksid kj myiqlï rdYshla
Èfkka Èku tla fõ' tu ksid tu udOH ;j ÿrg;a mer‚ fkdfõ" tajd Èfkka
Èku kejqï jk kj udOH njg m;afõ' fufia kejqï njg m;ajkafka úoHq;a
udOH muKla fkdfõ' mer‚ uqøs; udOHo mß.Kl ;dCIKh ksid Èfkka Èku
kejqï njg m;aù kj udOH njg m;afõ'fï ishÆ udOH fufia ixl,kh fjñka
wm .uka lrñka isákqfha fldïmshqg¾ hq.h wNsnjd hk fg,smshqg¾ hq.h lrdh'
fg,smshqg¾ hq.h hkq wo mj;sk mß.Kl hq.ho W;a;rKh l< ;j;a wÆ;a
hq.hls' tu hq.fha ;j ÿrg;a kj udOH ìysjkq we;' th j;auka hq.fha isák
wmg is;d .eksugj;a fkdyels wmQre f,dalhls'
 kj udOHhkaf.a m%jK;d

 mß.Klh yd wka;¾cd,h
 mß.Klh m¾fhaIK .Kkdjl m%;sM,hla nj'
 .Kl hka;%hkaf.a ÈhqKqj ;=<ska mß.Klh ìysjk nj'
 1617 fcdaka fkamsh¾ ,>q.Kl pl%h fhdod .ksñka ksmojk ,o WmlrKh o"
1621 § ú,shï TÜßÉ ksmojk ,o i¾mK fldaÿj tys uq,a wjia:dj nj'
 1642 m%xY cd;sl fí,ahsia meial,a bf,lafg%dksla mß.Klhg moku ilia
l< .Kl hka;%h ks¾udKh lsÍu'
 1806 fcdaima celd¾;s iajhxl%Sh úúfï hka;%hg isÿrem; fhdod .ksñka
f;dr;=re r|jd ;nd.ekSu'
 ,S ã fmdriaÜ jelshqnh fidhd .ekSu'
 1939 § fydjdâ whska wkql%u md,l hka;%h fyj;a m%:u iajhxl%Sh mß.Klh
ks¾udKh lsÍu'
 1946 fcdaka ví,sõ udla,s we;=¿ m¾fhaIlhska m%:u bf,lafg%dksl mß.Klh
jk wksheÜ mß.Klh ksmoùu'
 1951 fcdaka ví,sõ fuda,s we;=¿ m¾fhaIlhska hqksjela 01 mß.Klh ks¾udKh
lsÍu'
 1956 IBM iud.u mß.Kl fj<|fmdf,a m%uqL;ajh .ekSu'
 1964 j¾Ifha bf,lafg%daksla wkql,k mßm; IC fyj;a is,slka ùmhlska ish
.Kkla ld¾hhka isÿlsÍu'
 1976 oyia .Kkla wê n,e;s mß.Kl ks¾udKh lsÍu'
 wka;¾cd,h hkq cd,hkaf.a cd,hla nj'
 wka;¾cd,h hkq kj iiai%lfha iEu mqoa.,fhl=gu mßyrKh l<yels
f;dr;=re .nvdjla nj'
 oyia .Kkla jQ cd,hka iuÕ tla ù rgj,a ish .Kkl ì,shk .Kka jQ
ck;dj tu cd,fha ießirk nj'

 ÿrl;k ikaksfõokh
1872 § ieuqfj,a fudia tla ;ekl isg ;j;a ;eklg m‚úv /f.k hdu'
1876 § wef,laiekav¾ .%eyeï fn,a ÿrl;kh ks¾udKh lsÍu iy fn,a ÿrl;k
iud.u wdrïN lsÍu'
ÿrl;k fiajd iemhSu i|yd Tyq wdrïN l< wefußlka fg,sfmdaka wekaâ
lïmeŒ fyj;a AT & T iud.u ÿrl;k fiajd iemhSfï taldêldrhla
ks¾udKh lsÍu'
1922 kjiS,ka;fha fudfgdfrda,d iud.u uhsfl%da g%ela 2 keu;s jdyk j,
f.khd yels l=vd ÿrl;kh o miqj fjdals fgdals ÿrl;kh ìyslsÍu'
AT & T iud.fï m¾fhaIlhska ÈhqKq cx.u ÿrl;kh ìyslsÍu'
1947 cqks ui cx.u ÿrl;khlska m<uq weu;=u ,nd§u'

f,dalfha m%uqL;u f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh ms,sn| m¾fhaIK wdh;khla jk

.dÜk¾ wdh;kh úiska Gartner Symposium$ITxpo 2013 iïuka;%Kfha§
m%ldYhg m;a l, fyd|u ;dlaI‚l m%jK;d 10 w;ßka is;a weo.kakd iq¿
iuyrla fufiahs'
 Personal Cloud
;udf.a fm!oa.,sl mßyrKh Wfoid Cloud fiajdj uyckhd w;r ckm%sh
ùu[LP1] ' oekgu;a fndfyda fokd Ndú;d lrk social media ^Wod( Facebook"
Twitter" Instagram&" email fiajdjkag wu;rj wka;¾cd,fha f.dkq r|jd
;nd.kakd fiajdjka ^Wod( Dropbox" Google Drive" SkyDrive&" Online office
applications ^Wod( Google Docs" Microsoft Office Web Apps&" Online photo
sharing services ^Wod( Flickr" Google Picasa& fuf,iska uyck wjOdkh
jeäfhka Èkd .kSúhehs n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ'
  apps and HTML5 applications
tÈfkod lghq;= myiq lr .ekSug wdOdrhla f,i uyckhd jeä jeäfhka
mobile apps je<|.ekSug we;s m%jK;djh jeäh'HTML 5 ;=,k s a Javascript j,
l%shdldÍ;ajh jeäÈhqKq ùu ksid apps ks¾udKh lsÍu ;j;a myiq ù we;'
Android" iPhone jYfhka fjka fjkaj fkdj fmdÿfõ tla app tlla ks¾udKh
lsÍfï yelshdj ksid HTML 5 fndfyda fihska ckm%sh fõ hehs wfmalaId flf¾'

 Internet of things
ksjfia we;s úoHq;a WmrlrK cd,.; lsÍfï ld¾hhg oekgu;a Nest yd Philips
hk wdh;k w; .id we;' 2014§ fuf,iska cd,.; l, yels kj WmlrK
fjf<| fmd,g tkq we;'
  3D printing

fhdod f.k ma,diaála wkqrE ieliSu oeka jvd;a myiq yd ,dNodhS

l%uhla njg m;aj we;' flá ld,Sk ksIamdokhka yd mjd fuu l%uh fhdod
.ekSfï m%jK;djhla we;' fuu jif¾§ 3D printer fj<|du 75] jeäfõúhehs
wfmalaId flf¾'

 Wearable computers
Google Glass fï jif¾§ $1500 jeks uqo,lg fjf<| fmd,g ksl=;a lsÍug
Google iud.u n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ'óg wu;rj fi!LH m%j¾Okh i|yd ksmehQ
ÿjk úg yojf;a iamkaokh uksk" mqoa.,fhl=f.a ksod.kakd m%udKh jeks oE
uksk m<|kd j, ñ, ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhlska 2013 jif¾§ wvq ùu ksid ta
ms,sn| uyck wdl¾Ikh fï jif¾§ jeä fõhehs wfmalaId flf¾' Apple"
Samsung iy Sony hk iud.ï ;=fkkau fuu jif¾§ y÷kajd§ug
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk smart watch Tnf.a smartphone tl;a iuÕ iuld,slj
^synchronized& l%shdlrk Trf,daiqjls'
  Smart machines
IBM iud.u myq.sh jif¾ ;ukaf.a Watson hk iqmsß mß.Klh uyckhdf.a
Ndú;h Wfoid wka;¾cd,h iuÕiïnkaO lf,ah' fuh fhdodf.k ks¾udKh
lrk AskWatson apps bÈßfha§ iPhone Siriyd Google Voice iuÕ lrglr
;rÕhl fhfoa hehs wfmalaId flf¾' flfia kuq;a AskWatson apps uq,skau
ks¾udKh jkqfha úoHdj yd ffjoH úoHdj Wfoid nj m%ldY ù we;'
óg wu;rj wka;¾cd,fha lrk ,o fidhd ne,Sfï§ yuqjQ bÈßhg taúhehs
wfmalaId lrk ;dlaIK lsysmhla fufiahs'

 Ultra HD 4K
HD - 720p yd Full HD - 1080p g miq ó,Õg wm yuqjg tkafka Ultra HD - 2160p
fõ'
  Biometrics
weÕs,s i,l=Kq" wei jeks oE fhdod .ksñka äðg,a o;a; iq/lSu l,l isgka
mej; tk ;dlaIKhla jqj;a uyckhdf.a Ndú;h i|yd fuu l%uh fhdod
.;af;a wvqfjks' tkuq;a .sh jif¾ t,s oelajQ iPhone 5S iuÕ wd weÕs,s i,l=K
fhdod f.k ÿrl:kh unlock lsÍfï myiqlu th jvd;a uyckhd w;r ckm%sh
lsÍug iu;a jqks' fuksid bÈßfha§ fuu ;dlaIKh uyckhdg ióm lrjk
Wmdx. fndfyda fihska ks¾udKh fõhehs n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ'

 kj Wmdx.
kj ;dlaIKfha kj Wmdx. w;aoelSug leu;s Tnf.a úfkdaodiajdoh Wfoidu
is;a weo.kakd iq¿ fmkqfuka yd .=Kdx. j,ska imsrekq Wmdx. fndfydauhla
2014 j¾Ifha§ fjf<| fmd,g y÷kajd§ug kshñ;h'
http($$www'youtube'com$watch@v}7wnJpoAhOmg>
 kj udOHkayS mdßfNda.sl m%jK;d

Ericsson ConsumerLab úiska lrk ,o m¾fhaIKhlska wkdjrKh jQ lreKq

wkqj 2014 j¾Ifha§ yd bka bÈßhg ;dlaIKh yd ne÷kq mdßfNda.lhdf.a
keUqre;d 10la y÷kdf.k ;sfnkjd' my; oelafjkafka ta i|yd tu wdh;kh
úiska ta ms,sn|j oekqj;a lsÍu Wfoid ks¾udKh flrekq ùäfhdajhs' thska
olajk m%jK;d fufiahs'
• - tÈfkod Èúfha yels iEu lghq;a;la Wfoidu Mobile apps Ndú;fha jeä
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