Simple pendulum:

Aim:
To find the percentage of error in the value of acceleration
due to gravity.
Apparatus:
Metal bob, 2. Twist less thread, 3. Meter scale and 4. Stop
watch.
Formula:
𝐿
Acceleration due to gravity g’ = 4𝜋 2 [ 𝑇 2 ] cm /𝑠𝑒𝑐 2
L = length of the pendulum, cm and T = time period. Sec
True value of g = 980 cm /𝑠𝑒𝑐 2
𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒−𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
Percentage error in g = X 100
𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
𝑔′ −𝑔
% of error in g = X 100
𝑔
Procedure:
Set the pendulum with a length L.
(We can choose any length between 50 and 100 cm)
Let the bob is at equilibrium position.
Pull the bob to one side from mean position and release.
Observe the oscillations of the pendulum. Count 20
oscillations and note down the time t taken for 20
oscillations.
Calculate time period T = t/20.
Repeat the experiment for 6 to 7 times and find time period
every time.
Find the average time period.
Substitute L and T in the formula of g and calculate
acceleration due to gravity g’.
Table;
Length of the pendulum L = , cm
s.no Time for 20 Time period
oscillations ‘t’ T = t/20, sec
1 t1 = T1
2 t2 = T2
3 t3 = T3
4 t4 = T4
5 t5 = T5
6 t6 = T6

Average time period T = T1+T2+T3+T4+T5+T6 /6

Calculations :
Average time period : T =
Acceleration due to gravity g’ =

True value of g = 980 cm / sec^2

𝑔′ −𝑔
% of error in g = X 100 =
𝑔
Result :
% of error in g =